Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Breeding Induced Endometritis In The Mare: The Local Innate Immune Response, Elizabeth Moran Woodward

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Uterine inflammation after breeding is considered necessary for the clearance of excess semen and debris from the uterus. A subpopulation of mares fails to clear the inflammation in a timely fashion, and develops a persistent breeding induced endometritis (PBIE). Experiments were preformed to evaluate correlations of PBIE to endometrial quality and age. Mares of advanced age and poor endometrial quality had a higher incidence of PBIE. In addition, mares fluctuated in susceptibility to PBIE from one season to the next. The uterine inflammatory gene expression in susceptible and resistant mares within the first 24 hours after breeding was investigated. The …

Evaluation Of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coated Ao Cortical Screws In Equine Third Metacarpal Bone, Myra Elizabeth Durham

LSU Master's Theses

ABSTRACT Objectives - To compare the osteointegration of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated and uncoated 5.5 mm cortical screws in equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones in combination with a 4.5mm broad dynamic compression plate (DCP). Study design - In vivo study. Animals – 6 Adult Thoroughbred horses. Methods – For each horse, four HA coated screws were placed unicortically through a 4.5mm broad DCP in the dorsal cortex of a randomly chosen MC3 bone, with 4 uncoated screws placed in an identical manner in the contralateral MC3 bone. All screws were tightened to a torque of 5.4 N-m. Extraction torques …

Isolation And Characterization Of Adult Progenitor Cells From Healthy And Laminitic Hoof Tissue, Vanessa Pinto

LSU Master's Theses

Laminitis is an often fatal condition in horses with few available and only moderately effective treatment options. Separation of laminar dermis and epidermis lead to rotation or ventral deviation of the third phalanx inside the hoof capsule. Despite being a modified skin, equine laminar tissue does not completely return to normal after laminitis. The hypothesis tested was that adult progenitor cells in the equine laminar tissue are irreversibly damaged by laminitis. A method to harvest and culture cells in vitro from the equine lamina was established; and progenitor cells from unaffected and laminitic hooves were characterized and compared. Laminar tissue …

Ectopic Adrenal Tissue In Equine Gonads: Morphofunctional Features, Gabriele Marino, Marco Quartuccio, Simona Rizzo, Vittorio Lo Presti, Antonina Zanghi'

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ectopic adrenal tissue has been reported to occur in equine ovaries and testes, more frequently in stressed, ill, or pregnant animals. In this study, the presence and endocrine activity of ectopic adrenal tissue in equine gonads was investigated. In 278 pairs of ovaries and 100 pairs of testes, the anomaly was observed with a comparable prevalence of 6%-9%; the tissue appeared as nodules, found on the ovarian surface and in the mediastinum. Microscopically, these usually appeared disorganized, with a tendency toward differentiation into the zonae in larger nodules. The endocrine activity of the large ectopic nodules was demonstrated by the …

The Effects Of Iodixanol Present During Equine Semen Cryopreservation, David Paul Beehan

LSU Master's Theses

The objectives of this study were to determine what effects iodixanol would have on total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity (viability), acrosome integrity and DNA structure when present during cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa,. We hypothesized that the addition of iodixanol would improve post-thaw values for measured parameters. Ejaculates from six stallions were collected, centrifuged at 900 x g for ten minutes to remove supernatant, and suspended to 200 x 106 cells/ml with 0%, 2.5% and 5% iodixanol in an egg-yolk based extender and cryopreserved. Before and after cryopreservation sperm motility was assessed by computer assisted semen analysis, and samples …

Infectious Cdna Clone Of The Modified Live Virus Vaccine Strain Of Equine Arteritis Virus, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, Peter J. Timoney, Jianquan Wang

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

An isolated polynucleotide molecule includes a DNA sequence encoding an infectious RNA molecule encoding a modified live viral strain of an Equine arteritis virus, wherein the DNA sequence is SEQ ID NO:1 or a degenerate variant thereof. Also provided are transformed or transfected host cells including that sequence, vectors including the sequence, and isolated infectious RNA molecules encoded by the sequence. Further, a modified DNA sequence encoding an infectious RNA molecule encoding a modified live viral strain of an Equine arteritis virus is provided wherein the DNA sequence is SEQ ID NO:2 or a degenerate variant thereof, including a silent …

Immunodetection Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (Igfbps) In The Sera Of Different Animal Species, Romana Masnikosa, Ivona Baricevic, Dragana Lagundzin, Olgica Nedic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Knowledge regarding the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and the methods for the detection and quantitation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) is greater for the human species than for other animal species. This is mainly because antibodies specifically raised against nonhuman IGFBPs are rarely commercially available. We aimed to investigate which of the antibodies directed against human IGFBPs could be used for the detection of IGFBPs present in other species. We used commercially available antibodies, raised against human IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-4, in order to recognize the corresponding IGFBPs in the sera of different animal species: human, bovine, equine, porcine, ovine, …

Mechanical Evaluation Of Aluminum Oxide Roughened Screws In Equine Third Metacarpal Bone, Petrisor Baia

LSU Master's Theses

ABSTRACT Objectives – To compare the osseointegration of roughened and electropolished 5.5 mm cortical screws used to secure a 4.5 mm broad dynamic compression plate (DCP) in equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones. Study Design – In vivo study Animals – 5 Adult thoroughbred horses (2-7 years old). Methods – For each horse one MC3 was randomly assigned to secure a 4.5 mm broad DCP with 4aluminum oxide (Al2O3) roughened screws on the dorsal mid diaphysis. Four regular electropolished screws used to secure a similar plate on the contralateral limb served as control. They were removed at 12 weeks and the …

Isolation And Cultivation Of Equine Corneal Keratocytes, Fibroblasts And Myofibroblasts, Dylan G. Buss, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Ajay Sharma, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective—To establish an in vitro model for the investigation of equine corneal wound healing. To accomplish this goal, a protocol to isolate and culture equine corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts was developed.

Animal material—Equine corneal buttons were aseptically harvested from healthy research horses undergoing humane euthanasia for reasons unrelated to this study. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed prior to euthanasia by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist to ensure that all samples were harvested from horses free of anterior segment disease.

Procedure—Equine corneal stroma was isolated using mechanical techniques and stromal subsections were then cultured. Customized media at different culture conditions was used …

An Eiav Field Isolate Reveals Much Higher Levels Of Subtype Variability Than Currently Reported For The Equine Lentivirus Family, Jodi K. Craigo, Shannon Barnes, Baoshan Zhang, Sheila J. Cook, Laryssa Howe, Charles J. Issel, Ronald C. Montelaro

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus that infects horses, has been utilized as an animal model for the study of HIV. Furthermore, the disease associated with the equine lentivirus poses a significant challenge to veterinary medicine around the world. As with all lentiviruses, EIAV has been shown to have a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, especially in its envelope (Env) proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated Env variation to be a major determinant of vaccine efficacy, emphasizing the importance of defining natural variation among field isolates of EIAV. To date, however, published EIAV sequences have been …

Matrix Metalloproteinases In The Equine Systemic Inflammatory Response: Implications For Equine Laminitis, Lee Ann Fugler

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Laminitis is a crippling and often life-threatening disease of the equine foot. Soft tissue damage characteristic of this disease has been associated with increased MMP activity. Therefore, it seems likely that MMPIs could be potential therapeutic agents for laminitis. Further characterization of equine MMPs and evaluation of the effectiveness of MMPIs in the horse are needed. Equine MMP-9 was harvested from neutrophils, purified by affinity chromatography, and evaluated using western blotting and gelatin zymography. The Biotrak MMP-9 Activity Assay was evaluated for use with equine samples using equine neutrophil MMP-9 as a standard, and was determined to have insufficient sensitivity …

A Survey On Helminth Infections Of Equines In The Central Black Sea Region, Turkey, Şi̇nasi̇ Umur, Mustafa Açici

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of helminth species in horses, donkeys, and mules in the Central Black Sea region, between March 2004 and July 2005. For this purpose, 140 faecal samples were taken from horses (n = 83), donkeys (n = 31), and mules (n = 26) in Samsun, Sinop, Ordu, Amasya, and Tokat provinces. Infection rates were 91.57% (76 of 83) in horses, 96.77% (30 of 31) in donkeys, and 96.15% (25 of 26) in mules. The parasite species and their prevalence in examined animals were as follows: in horses Strongylidae spp. 77.10%, Parascaris equorum …

Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agents Against Equine Herpesvirus Type 1: The Mechanism Of Antiviral Effects Of Porphyrin Derivatives, Galena V. Rybachuk

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important ubiquitous enzootic equine pathogen, causing significant economic losses to the horse industry. Despite extensive vaccination protocols, EHV-1 continues to be a major cause of epidemic abortion, perinatal mortality, respiratory disease and neurologic disease. EHV-1 infections are usually dealt with by using management practices that limit spread of the disease and secondary complications, providing symptomatic relief to infected horses, but no specific treatment is available. New therapeutic or virucidal agents could have great utility in slowing both the progression and spread of the disease in an epidemic situation. A number of porphyrins and their derivatives …

The Effects Of Non-Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves On Neuronal Morphology, Function And Analgesia In Horses, David Manuel Bolt

LSU Master's Theses

These studies were conducted to elucidate the regional analgesic effect that is observed clinically after treatment of orthopedic disorders with application of extracorporeal shock waves in horses. Regional analgesia after treatment with extracorporeal shock waves presents a concern because it may eliminate protective limiting mechanisms and may place equine athletes with predisposing lesions at risk of sustaining career- or life-ending injuries. Direct percutaneous application of non-focused extracorporeal shock waves to palmar digital nerves in the pastern area of horses resulted in decreased sensory nerve conduction velocities compared with untreated control nerves at 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment. Transmission …

Role Of Endothelin In The Pathogenesis Of Acute Laminitis In Horses, Ashley Michelle Stokes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Acute laminitis is a severely debilitating disease of the laminae of the equine digit; however, the mechanism(s) of pathogenesis have yet to be fully elucidated. In physiologic states, the endothelium synthesizes substances, such as nitric oxide (NO; vasodilator) and endothelin-1 (ET-1; profound vasoconstrictor), which play a crucial role in vasomotor regulation. The overall hypothesis is that the initiating factor in the onset of acute laminitis is a disruption in the balance between NO and ET-1, which leads to digital vasoconstriction and subsequent laminar ischemic necrosis. In vitro studies with digital vessels from healthy horses and horses with naturally-acquired laminitis determined …

Equine Immunity To Cyathostome Infections, Marie Alexandra Baudena

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

To study the protective responses of cyathostome-infected ponies, two challenges were performed employing animals with different histories of exposure to these parasites. The hypothesis developed and to be tested in these experiments was that ponies that had longer exposure to cyathostome contaminated pastures would express acquired resistance to infection. The assumption behind this hypothesis was that helminth-naïve ponies infected with cyathostomes would eliminate the infection using only innate immune responses. Whereas previously exposed ponies would eliminate the infection with acquired immune responses, and these would be more effective in ponies with longer exposure to cyathostomes. Thus, helminth-naïve animals would acquire …

The Effects Of Intra-Articular Silicone Polymer On Synovial Fluid, Synovial Tissue, And Articular Cartilage In The Equine Middle Carpal Joint, Marilyn Rumbaugh

LSU Master's Theses

There is anecdotal documentation that intra-articular administration of liquid silicone is used as a lubricant for equine joints. Effects of silicone polymer on equine articular cartilage and synovial fluid have not been evaluated. The objectives were to characterize the effects of intra-articular administration of liquid silicone polymer on clinical, synovial fluid, and microscopic features in normal middle carpal joints of horses, and to determine if silicone migrates to the axillary lymph nodes. Eight adult horses were used in this study. Two mLs of 1,000 centistoke, medical-grade silicone was injected into one randomly selected middle carpal joint. The opposite middle carpal …

Sarcocystis Neurona Diagnostic Primer And Its Use In Methods Of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis Diagnosis, Clara K. Fenger, David E. Granstrom, Alvin A. Gajadhar, Jitender P. Dubey

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

An amplification primer and probe which can be used in an in vitro diagnostic test for the presence of S. neurona in equine blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Sarcocystis neurona is responsible for the equine condition of protozoal myelitis. The amplification primer is seventeen nucleotides in length and complementary to a unique section of the small ribosomal subunit of Sarcocystis neurona. The primer encompasses nucleotide positions 1470-1487 of the small ribosomal subunit of S. neurona. The primer has the sequence 5' CCATTCCGGACGCGGGT SEQ ID NO:1.

M-Mode And Two-Dimensional (2-D) Echocardiographic Studies On Racing, Untrained And Show-Jumping Horses, Tarik Bi̇lal, Abdulkadi̇r Uysal, Yücel Meral, Abdullah Kayar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, M-Mode and 2-D echocardiographic analysis was performed to investigate the heart structure of 90 English breed horses used for different purposes. The horses were divided into 3 groups: racing horses (Group I), untrained horses (Group II) and show-jumping horses (Group III). M-Mode sections in the fourth right intercostal space were taken from the musculus papillaris, chordae tendinei, mitral valves and aortic root using 2-D, and the measurements were made in four standard transudcer positions. The movement of the left ventrical, right ventrical, left atrium, aortic root, interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and heart walls were analysed, …

Formulations And Methods To Treat And Prevent Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, David E. Granstrom, Thomas Tobin

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

The present invention provides formulations useful to treat EPM. It also provides methods to treat EPM in a horse in need of such treatment, comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a triazine-based anti-coccidial. Preferred are methods to treat EPM using clazuril, diclazuril, toltrazuril or letrazuril. The present invention also provides methods to prevent S. neurona infection in horses comprising administering a prophylactic amount of a triazine-based anticoccidial. Preferred is a method to prevent S. neurona infection by using clazuril, diclazuril, toltrazuril or letrazuril, alone or in combination with other known therapeutics.

Treatment For Contagious Equine Metritis, Thomas W. Swerczek

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

A composition is provided for the treatment of contagious equine metritis, a contagious veneral disease of horses, which composition comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose, a buffering mixture to provide a pH of about 3.0 to 4.5, and a carrier, the composition being applied topically to external genitalia of horses.

Detection Of Morphine And Its Analogues Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Joan Combie, Jerry W. Blake, Thomas E. Nugent, Thomas Tobin

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing drug glucuronic acid conjugates present in mammalian body fluids, the conjugates being derived from a narcotic analgesic, antagonist, or agonist-antagonist whose metabolism includes conjugation with glucuronic acid. The method comprises incubating the body fluid sample at from about 60 to about 70° C., for at least about 1 hour, with 3-glucuronidase derived from Patella vulgata, and substantially increases the sensitivity of chromatographic techniques for the detection of morphine and its analogues.

Inactivated Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus Vaccine And Use Thereof, John T. Bryans

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

An inactivated viral vaccine for protecting horses against disease caused by equine rhinopneumonitis virus is prepared by propagating an equine rhinopneumonitis virus in a susceptible, cloned, diploid equine cell line, harvesting the resulting virus in a serum-free medium, inactivating the virus and neutralizing the inactivating agent, concentrating the virus, and adding an immunological adjuvant thereto. A vaccination program to protect horses against the equine rhinopneumonitis virus is also disclosed.

Process Of Producing Equine Viral Arteritis Vaccine And Product Thereof, John T. Bryans, William H. Mccollum, James C. Wilson, Elvis R. Doll

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

A process is disclosed for producing an avirulent attenuated live virus vaccine for use in immunizing horses against equine viral arteritis and for simultaneously obviating the transmission of the disease from a vaccinated horse to a non-vaccinated horse. The invention also includes the product derived from practice of the process and typical examples of the efficacy of the product are disclosed.