Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Clinical Assessment Of Brachycephalic Airway Obstructive Syndrome Using Questionnaire And 6-Minute Walk Test In French Bulldogs, Tamolwan Anyamaneecharoen, Krishaporn Kradangnga, Saikaew Sutayatram, Sumit Durongphongtorn, Pasakorn Brikshavana

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS) is an anatomical abnormality of the upper airway commonly found in brachycephalic breeds leading to clinical signs and physical capacity impairment. The purposes of this study were to objectively assess the severity of the clinical signs and physical capacity in French Bulldogs with BAOS using questionnaire and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), respectively. A total of 26 French Bulldogs were enrolled in this study and divided into a normal group (n = 7), a moderate BAOS group (n = 8) and a severe BAOS group (n = 11). After history taking and physical examination, the questionnaire …

Isolation And Identification Of Klebsiella Aerogenes From Bee Colonies In Bee Dysbiosis, Oleksandr Galatiuk, Tatiana Romanishina, Anastasiia Lakhman, Olga Zastulka, Ralitsa Balkanska

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This article presents modern methods for obtaining and isolatingpure culture from bee colonies (from honeycombswith infected broodsand contaminated by faeces of bees), and the identification and indication of pathogenic bacteria of Klebsiellaaerogenes species in honey beesduring the winter, spring,summer andthe autumn. The purposewas to isolate and identifythe pure culture of enterobacteria from the pathological material of diseased bee colonies. The study of their basic biological properties for the possible use of the obtained strains, which should be used as indicator bacterial cultures in the study of the biological properties of drugs for the treatment and prevention of enterobacteriosis of beeswas …

Production Of Immunoglobulin Y Against Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (Dea) 1.1 From Egg Yolk, Noppadol Prasertsincharoen, Pornphimon Metheenukul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) as a blood group antigen in dogs, especially DEA 1.1, has the highest immunogenicity. IgYis an excellent antibody for use in immunological assays involving mammalian sera. The aim of this study was to produce and purify IgY against DEA1.1 from chicken egg yolks for canine blood group detection. Hens were immunized by intramuscular vaccination. IgY was achieved after three booster immunizations by DEA 1.1-positive canine ghost cells. The extraction of total IgY from the egg yolk was carried out using precipitation by polyethylene glycol 6000 and dialysis. The purified protein and yield of IgY were …

Effect Of Fermented Red Radish (Raphanus Sativus L) In Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury In Rats, Ayhan Atasever, Duygu Yaman Gram, Gorkem Ekebas, Nurhan Ertas Onmaz, Meryem Senturk, Meryem Eren, Lutfiye Ekici

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In this study, the possible protective effect of red radish containing total phenolic content and antioxidant components on histopathological and immuno histochemical active caspase-3, TNF-α and Iba-1, serum ALT activity, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated in CCl4induced liver injury in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into six groups (n= 12 to each group). The first group was used as a control which was given only intraperitoneal 0.9% NaCl (0.2 mL / kg / bw); while fermented red radish (FRR) at a dose of 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg was …

Preparation Of Swine Isg15 Polyclonal Antibody And Its Application In Classical Swine Fever Virus, Xin-Bin Cai, Hua-Lin Hou, Li-Yuan Zhang, Rong-Ze Tang, Shan Yin, Xiao-Quan Li, Ke Zhang, Qian-Nan Zhao, Xue Ying, Li-Juan Su, Shi-Kai Sun, Xiao-Ning Li, Ting Rong Luo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to participate in innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a global, economically important and highly contagious disease in pigs. To explore theinteraction between ISG15 and CSFV, the ISG15gene was amplified, cloned and expressed in E. coliBL21 cells. The expressed ISG15 protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose column and used to prepare a polyclonal mouse antibody. The anti-ISG15 antibody produced in mice could react with ISG15 expressed in the prokaryotic BL-21 cells as well as natural swine ISG15 expressed in PK-15 cells. This polyclonal antibody against swine …

Correction Of Diaphragmatic Hernia Using The Transverse Colon In A Dog, Dongwook Kim, Gonhyung Kim

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 3-year-old female Golden Retriever was referred with weakness, tachypnea and dyspnea. An incomplete diaphragmatic silhouette, gas-filled small intestine and pleural effusion in the thoracic cavitywere revealed in radiographs, implying a diaphragmatic hernia. After laparotomy, the abdominalstructureswere gently retrieved into the abdomen and a defect of 2×7 cm2was found. The transverse colonwas used as an autologous tissue flap for the repair of the defect. There were no complications identified for 2 years after surgery. Thus, patching with the transverse colon can be considered as an alternative for treating a defect in patients with a diaphragmatic hernia.

Vampire Bats: Preparing For Range Expansion Into The U.S., Michael J. Bodenchuk, David L. Bergman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The common vampire bat apparently is expanding its range northwards in Mexico and seems poised to enter the southern United States. Climate models predict suitable habitat in the U.S. in south Texas and parts of southern Arizona. While vampire bats’ northward range expansion is not unexpected, the fact that this species brings a strain of rabies that impacts livestock and people warrants a strategic response. Annual economic damages from bats are estimated between $7M and $9M, largely associated with deaths of livestock from rabies. To prepare for the emerging rabies issue, USDA Wildlife Services programs in Texas and Arizona have …

The P-Glycoprotein Repertoire Of The Equine Parasitic Nematode Parascaris Univalens, Alexander P. Gerhard, Jürgen Krücken, Emanuel Heitlinger, I. Jana I. Janssen, Marta Basiaga, Sławomir Kornaś, Céline Beier, Martin K. Nielsen, Richard E. Davis, Jianbin Wang, Georg Von Samson-Himmelstjerna

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

P-glycoproteins (Pgp) have been proposed as contributors to the widespread macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in several nematode species including a major pathogen of foals, Parascaris univalens. Using new and available RNA-seq data, ten different genomic loci encoding Pgps were identified and characterized by transcriptome-guided RT-PCRs and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an ascarid-specific Pgp lineage, Pgp-18, as well as two paralogues of Pgp-11 and Pgp-16. Comparative gene expression analyses in P. univalens and Caenorhabditis elegans show that the intestine is the major site of expression but individual gene expression patterns were not conserved between the two nematodes. In P. …

Evaluation Of Enrichment And Identification Media For Isolation Of Common Bovine Salmonella Serotypes, Katie Irene Swanson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Salmonellosis is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and animals, which can lead to death in severe cases. Rapid and efficient detection of Salmonella spp. is essential to limit the spread of disease. Many enrichment procedures have been described for the isolation of Salmonella, and often include variations on Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium, which is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The current procedures vary in incubation temperature, incubation time, and type of media used for identification of Salmonella. This project compared four procedures for enrichment and identification of common bovine Salmonella serotypes. We determined the best …

An Evaluation Of Bird And Bat Mortality At Wind Turbines In The Northeastern United States, Daniel Y. Choi, Thomas W. Wittig, Bryan M. Kluever

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wind energy offers substantial environmental benefits, but wind facilities can negatively impact wildlife, including birds and bats. Researchers and managers have made major efforts to chronicle bird and bat mortality associated with wind facilities, but few studies have examined the patterns and underlying mechanisms of spatial patterns of fatalities at wind facilities. Understanding the horizontal fall distance between a carcass and the nearest turbine pole is important in designing effective search protocols and estimating total mortality. We explored patterns in taxonomic composition and fall distance of bird and bat carcasses at wind facilities in the Northeastern United States using publicly …

Estimation Of Wildlife Damage From Federal Crop Insurance Data, Sophie Mckee, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Aaron M. Anderson

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Wildlife damage to crops is a persistent and costly problem for many farmers in the USA. Most existing estimates of crop damage have relied on direct assessment methods such as field studies conducted by trained biologists or surveys distributed to farmers. In this paper, we describe a new method of estimating wildlife damage that exploits federal crop insurance data. We focused our study on four crops: corn, soybean, wheat, and cotton, chosen because of their economic importance and their vulnerability to wildlife damage.

RESULTS: We determined crop-raiding hot spots across the USA over the 2015–2019 period and identified the …

Metagenomic, Viral And Host Genetic Analyses Of Congenital Tremor In Pigs, Kylee Marie Sutton

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Pestivirus genus contains several viral species having a major impact on the livestock species. While there were only four major pestiviral species for a time, recent metagenomic sequencing approaches identified additional species, such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Congenital tremor was first identified almost a hundred years ago and since still has an impact on swine health. There are two main types of congenital tremor, type A and B, with type A congenital tremor further subcategorized based on causative agent. Until recently, type A-II congenital tremor did not have a known cause. Recent viral sequencing of affected samples, including …

New World Mammarenaviral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Determinants Of Infection And Disease, Brady T. Hickerson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several New World mammarenaviruses (NWM) are able to cause life-threatening hemorrhagic disease in humans. These agents use human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1), the main protein involved in cellular uptake of iron, to infect cells. Furthermore, use of hTfR1 correlates with the ability of these viruses to cause severe disease in humans. The most prevalent pathogenic NWM is Jun√≠n virus (JUNV), which is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF).The pathogenesis of AHF is poorly understood. A cardinal feature of severe cases of AHF is a prolonged increase of serum interferon-a (IFN-a) concentration. This increase is hypothesized to play a …

Effects Of Freshwater Crayfish On Influenza A Virus Persistence In Water, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeremy W. Ellis, Susan A. Shriner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Several investigations have recently assessed the ability of some aquatic invertebrates to act as tools for avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance as well as their potential role(s) in IAV ecology. Because of this, as well as the high IAV seroprevalence rates noted in select mesocarnivores that commonly inhabit aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, we evaluated the effects that freshwater crayfish have on IAV in water at three dose levels and monitored for the presence of IAV in crayfish tissues (gill and green gland) and haemolymph at multiple time points. At relatively high, medium 432 and low (approximately 10 , 10 …

Brain Complexity, Sentience And Welfare, Donald M. Broom

Animal Sentience

Neither sentience nor moral standing is confined to animals with large or human-like brains. Invertebrates deserve moral consideration. Definition of terms clarifies the relationship between sentience and welfare. All animals have welfare but humans give more protection to sentient animals. Humans should be less human-centred.

Spatiotemporal Genetic Diversity Of Lions Reveals The Influence Of Habitat Fragmentation Across Africa, Caitlin J. Curry, Brian W. Davis, Laura D. Bertola, Paula A. White, William J. Murphy, James N. Derr

Publications and Research

Direct comparisons between historical and contemporary populations allow for detecting changes in genetic diversity through time and assessment of the impact of habitat fragmentation. Here, we determined the genetic architecture of both historical and modern lions to document changes in genetic diversity over the last century. We surveyed microsatellite and mitochondrial genome variation from 143 high-quality museum specimens of known provenance, allowing us to directly compare this information with data from several recently published nuclear and mitochondrial studies. Our results provide evidence for male-mediated gene flow and recent isolation of local subpopulations, likely due to habitat fragmentation. Nuclear markers showed …

An Applied Ecology Of Fear Framework: Linking Theory To Conservation Practice, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Michael J. Cherry, Sophie L. Gilbert, Michael T. Kohl, Courtney L. Larson, Thomas M. Newsome, Laura R. Prugh, Justin P. Suraci, Julie K. Young, Justine A. Smith

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Research on the ecology of fear has highlighted the importance of perceived risk from predators and humans in shaping animal behavior and physiology, with potential demographic and ecosystem-wide consequences. Despite recent conceptual advances and potential management implications of the ecology of fear, theory and conservation practices have rarely been linked. Many challenges in animal conservation may be alleviated by actively harnessing or compensating for risk perception and risk avoidance behavior in wild animal populations. Integration of the ecology of fear into conservation and management practice can contribute to the recovery of threatened populations, human–wildlife conflict mitigation, invasive species management, maintenance …

Edwardsiella Ictaluri Is Capable Of Persisting In Channel Catfish By Evading Host T Cell And Cell Death Responses, Elizabeth Watts Griggs

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae that infects and causes enteric septicemia (ESC) of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a fatal disease costing the catfish industry millions of dollars in losses each year. Edwardsiella. ictaluri is capable of replicating in catfish head-kidney-derived-macrophages (HKDM), and like many other gram-negative bacteria, E. ictaluri encodes a Type III Secretion System (T3SS) that is required for virulence and intracellular replication. In the case of E. ictaluri, the T3SS translocates effectors from the Edwardsiella containing vacuole (ECV) through the bacterial cell wall and the vacuolar membrane directly to the …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 COVID-19: From Our Students' Perspective
[Page] 11 Class of 2020 Q&A
[Page] 19 Alumni Advice for the Future Generation
[Page] 21 Recent Alumni Features
[Page] 25 Student Features
[Page] 31 CAFES News, Student Success, Awards and Achievements
[Page] 57 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Growing South Dakota (Spring/Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2019 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Update
[Page] 4 Featured Research
[Page] 14 Graduate and Undergraduate Research: In Our Own Words
[Page] 20 Featured Research
[Page] 32 Research in Progress
[Page] 38 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 56 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Frontal Vehicle Illumination Via Rear-Facing Lighting Reduces Potential For Collisions With White-Tailed Deer, Travis L. Devault, Thomas W. Seamans, Bradley Blackwell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

nimal–vehicle collisions cause many millions of animal deaths each year worldwide and present a substantial safety risk to people. In the United States and Canada, deer (Odocoileus spp.) are involved in most animal–vehicle collisions associated with human injuries. We evaluated a vehicle-based collision mitigation method designed to decrease the likelihood of deer–vehicle collisions during low-light conditions, when most collisions occur. Specifically, we investigated whether the use of a rear-facing light, providing more complete frontal vehicle illumination than standard headlights alone, enhanced vehicle avoidance behaviors of white-tailed deer (O. virginianus). We quantified flight initiation distance (FID), the likelihood …

Effect Of The Prospect Of Transport On Captive Tiger Behavior And Fecal Cortisol In Naïve And Experienced Tigers, Callan Lichtenwalter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With close to 5,000 captive tigers in the United States, it is vital to ensure that these tigers are receiving adequate welfare whether they are in an accredited facility, or privately owned. The goal of this study was to assess whether captive tigers at a rescue facility with experience being transported outside of the facility would respond differently to the presentation of their transport vehicle than their naïve counterparts who had only been transported within the facility. The behavior of 5 naïve and 7 experienced tigers (n = 12) located at Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge in Eureka Springs, Arkansas was …

Developing Alternatives To Protect Domestic Sheep From Predation In South Africa, David L. Bergman, Nico L. Avenant, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Eddie Steenkamp

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

South Africa has approximately 8,000 commercial small livestock farms and 5,800 communal/subsistence farmers throughout the country. Reported rates of small livestock loss to predation range from 3-13% and 0.5-19% from communal farming areas. A range of predators exist on the African continent, but in southern Africa major livestock losses are primarily due to black-backed jackal and caracal. South Africans have been managing caracals and jackals for over 300 years with no elimination of predation. During the aforementioned time frame, producers have used and/or developed a number of techniques including lethal, nonlethal, and integrated predator damage management to address predation losses. …

Veterinarians’ Attitudes And Practices Regarding Opioid-Related Vet Shopping Practices In Tri-State Appalachian Counties: An Exploratory Study, Falguni C Patel, Jeffrey A Raines, Richard W Kim, Karen Gruszynski, Robert E Davis, Manoj Sharma, Gilbert Patterson, Jason W Johnson, Vinayak K Nahar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The opioid crisis continues to grow in the United States with 46,700 drug overdose deaths due to opioids in 2017 alone. Vet shopping, the practice of soliciting veterinarians for prescription medications, has been receiving national media attention in recent years. A 2014 review of Prescription Monitoring Drug Programs found less than 10 veterinary shoppers nationwide. Still much is unknown about the role of vet shopping and the opioid crisis. This study sought to understand the practice of vet shopping through the eyes of veterinarians practicing in Appalachian counties within the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, United States.

RESULTS: …

Veterinarians’ Attitudes And Practices Regarding Opioid-Related Vet Shopping In Tri-State Appalachian Counties: An Exploratory Study, Falguni C. Patel, Jeffrey A. Raines, Richard W. Kim, Karen Gruszynski, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Gilbert Patterson, Jason W. Johnson, Vinayak K. Nahar

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: The opioid crisis continues to grow in the United States with 46,700 drug overdose deaths due to opioids in 2017 alone. Vet shopping, the practice of soliciting veterinarians for prescription medications, has been receiving national media attention in recent years. A 2014 review of Prescription Monitoring Drug Programs found less than 10 veterinary shoppers nationwide. Still much is unknown about the role of vet shopping and the opioid crisis. This study sought to understand the practice of vet shopping through the eyes of veterinarians practicing in Appalachian counties within the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, United States. Results: …

Genome Diversity And The Origin Of The Arabian Horse, Elissa J. Cosgrove, Raheleh Sadeghi, Florencia Schlamp, Heather M. Holl, Mohammad Moradi-Shahrbabak, Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani, Salma Abdalla, Ben Shykind, Mats H. T. Troedsson, Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Anil Prabhu, Stefania Bucca, Monika Bugno-Poniewierska, Barbara Wallner, Joel Malek, Donald C. Miller, Andrew G. Clark, Douglas F. Antczak, Samantha A. Brooks

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The Arabian horse, one of the world's oldest breeds of any domesticated animal, is characterized by natural beauty, graceful movement, athletic endurance, and, as a result of its development in the arid Middle East, the ability to thrive in a hot, dry environment. Here we studied 378 Arabian horses from 12 countries using equine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and whole-genome re-sequencing to examine hypotheses about genomic diversity, population structure, and the relationship of the Arabian to other horse breeds. We identified a high degree of genetic variation and complex ancestry in Arabian horses from the Middle East region. Also, …

Do Animals Engage Greater Social Attention In Autism? An Eye Tracking Analysis, Georgitta J. Valiyamattam, Harish Katti, Vinay K. Chaganti, Marguerite E. O'Haire, Virender Sachdeva

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Background: Visual atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a well documented phenomenon, beginning as early as 2–6 months of age and manifesting in a significantly decreased attention to the eyes, direct gaze and socially salient information. Early emerging neurobiological deficits in perceiving social stimuli as rewarding or its active avoidance due to the anxiety it entails have been widely purported as potential reasons for this atypicality. Parallel research evidence also points to the significant benefits of animal presence for reducing social anxiety and enhancing social interaction in children with autism. While atypicality in social attention in ASD has been …

Application Of Multi-Omics Technologies To Decipher Rabies Pathogenesis, Peerut Chienwichai, Onrapak Reamtong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Rabies virus infection has affected human and animal health since ancient times and existing treatments are only partially effective. A thorough understanding of rabies virus pathogenesis is required to achieve improved treatment options and the eventual elimination ofthe disease. In recent years, multi-omics technology has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding viral pathogenesis. However, multi-omics data is lacking for the rabies virus. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of rabiespathogenesis and its study using omics approaches. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to rabies pathogenesis using the results of omics studies. Using data …

An Analysis Of A Herd-Based Lactation Curve Reveals The Seasonal Effect From Dairy Cows Fed Under High Ambient Temperatures, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Somchai Chanpongsang, Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Supattra Teedee, Attapol Pornprapai, Aemwika Insam-Ang, Channarong Srisa-Ard, Niran Channacoop

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The presentinvestigation was carried out to demonstratethe effect of high ambient temperature (HTa) on lactation performance with herd-based measurement. One large dairy farm in Thailandwith more than 300crossbred Holstein cows milking each monthwas selected. The meteorological data was recorded once a week during the period of observation. Milking cows (n=90) were observed for a 10-month lactation curve based on their calving seasons: Summer, rainy and winter. The lactation curve was fitted by nonlinear regression using the reduced lactation persistency model.The climatic conditions revealed a high degree of temperature and humidity index (THI). The average THI throughout the year was 84.8 …

Pharmacokinetics Of Enrofloxacin In Meat Pigeons After A Single Intramuscular And Oral Administration, Xun Wang, Fei Shi, Yuhong Gou, Qiong Jiang, Jie Gong, Huaqiao Tang, Gang Ye, Chen Fang, Yinlun Li, Ling Zhao

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin were investigated after a single intra-muscular (i.m.) and oral administration of 10 mg/kg b.w. to 12 healthy adult pigeons. Twelve pigeons were randomly divided to two groups. Blood samples were collected at different time points following drug administration. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-performanceliquidchromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental methods via the ncappc package in R. The mean concentration area under curve (AUClast) for enrofloxacin was determined to be 21.75±5.67 μg·h/mL for i.m., administration and 17.30±4.94μg·h/mL for oral administration. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz) was 9.51±5.72 and 6.87±1.81 h for the i.m., and …