Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

United States Patent: D-Alanine Racemase Mutants Of Mycobacteria And Uses Therefore, Raul G. Barletta, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention is directed to D-alanine racemase mutants of mycobacterial species. The D-alanine racemase gene (alrA) is involved in the systhesis of D-alanine, a basic component of peptidoglycan that forms the backbone of the bacterial cell wall. The present invention is also directed to methods of making live-attenuated vaccines against pathogenic mycobacteria using such alrA mutants and to the vaccines made according to such methods. The present invention is further directed to use of alrA mutants in methods for screening antimycobacterial agents that are synergistic with peptidoglycan inhibitors. Finally, the present invention is directed to methods to identify new …

Sheep Updates 2005 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture Western Australia

Sheep Updates

No abstract provided.

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 3, Rob Davidson, David Pethick, C. F. Engelke, B. D. Siebert, K. Gregg, A-D G. Wright, P. E. Vercoe, Robin Jacob, Russell Barnett, Joanne Sneddon, Sandra Brown, G. Rose, C. Kabore, J Dart, Stuart Adams

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors: CUSTOMER 1. Benefits VIAscanR to producers and WAMMCO, Rob Davidson, Supply Development Manager, David Pethick, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdock University. 2. Healthy fats in lamb: how WA lambs compare with others, C. F. Engelke Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, bCSIRO Livestock Industries, Western Australia B.D. Siebert, Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, K. Gregg, Centre for High-Throughput Agricultural Genetic Analysis, Murdoch University, Western Australia. A-D.G. Wright CSIRO Livestock Industries, Western Australia, P.E Vercoe Animal Biology, University of Western Australia 3. Shelf life of fresh lamb …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

Head/Director's Message Diagnostic News [Page] 1- New reusable mailers for biopsy submission [Page] 1-New mastitis submission form, procedures [Page] 2- Trichomonas testing at SDSU ADRDL adheres to OEI standards [Page] 2- Announcement [Page] 2- Holiday Hours [Page] 3- BVD diagnostics at SDSU ADRDL: Demonstrating persistently infected cattle via antigen detection Extension News [Page] 6- NCVEI looking for help from large animal veterinarians [Page] 7- New dean of agriculture on the job at SDSU [Page] 7- Thaler named interim Animal & Range [Page] 8- Calendar of Events

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Links Nf-Κb To Pge2 In Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Altered Fibroblast In-Vitro Wound Healing, Yi Jia, John Turek

Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: This study investigated mechanisms of altered fibroblast collagen production induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. 3T3-Swiss fibroblasts were grown in medium containing either eicosapentaenoic or arachidonic acid. The effects of nuclear factor-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide on inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, collagen production, and in-vitro wound healing were studied. Results: Eicosapentaenoic acid treated cells produced less prostaglandin E2 but had increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, nitric oxide production, collagen formation, and recoverage area during in-vitro wound healing than cells treated with arachidonic acid. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB with lipopolysaccharide increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, the …

Differential Stress Responses In Fish From Areas Of High- And Low-Predation Pressure, Culum Brown, Carolyn Gardner, Victoria Braithwaite

Aquaculture Collection

We subjected fish from regions of high and low levels of predation pressure in four independent streams to a mild stressor and recorded their opercular beat rates. Fish from low-predation areas showed higher maximum, minimum and mean opercular beat frequencies than fish from high-predation regions. The change in opercular beat frequency (scope) was also significantly greater in fish from low- than in fish from high-predation regions. Under normal activity levels, however, low predation fish showed a reduced opercular beat frequency, which may be indicative of reduced activity levels or metabolic rate. Opercular beat frequency was negatively correlated with standard length …

Animal Health Laboratories Service Manual 2005-2006, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

This service manual is designed to help you, the user of services provided by the Animal Health Laboratories (AHL), to get the most from the laboratories.

The section on ‘General Instructions’ contains information required for packaging and submission of samples to AHL.

Other sections contain information on the type of sample required for each laboratory service and associated tests offered by AHL. The detail of Services offered by each laboratory is given in a table, followed by collection notes to assist with submission of specimens.

Each table describes the Services offered, the Tests available for each Service, a description of …

Antibody Responses In Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) Infected With Mycobacterium Bovis, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, J. P. Bannantine, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, P. Andersen, J. Mcnair, J. M. Pollock, K. P. Lyashchenko

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Despite having a very low incidence of disease, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are subject to tuberculosis (TB) testing requirements for interstate shipment and herd accreditation in the United States. Improved TB tests are desperately needed, as many reindeer are falsely classified as reactors by current testing procedures. Sera collected sequentially from 11 (experimentally) Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer and 4 noninfected reindeer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for antibody specific to M. bovis antigens. Specific antibody was detected as early as 4 weeks after challenge with M. bovis. By MAPIA, sera …

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich, Suwicha Chuthateph

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Weast Nile Virus Serosurveillance In Iowa White-Tailed Deer (1999-2003), Julian Santatella, Robert Mclean, Jeffrey S. Hall, James S. Gill, Richard A. Bowen, Harlo H. Hadow, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Sera from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were collected in Iowa during the winter months (1999-2003), 2 years before and after West Nile virus (WNV) was first reported in Iowa (2001), and were analyzed for antibodies to WNV. Samples from 1999 to 2001 were antibody negalive by blocking enzyme-linikedI immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₉₀). Prevalence derived from bELISA (2002, 12.7%; 2003. 11.2%) and WNV PRNT₉₀ (2002,7.9%; 2003, 8.5%) assays were similar. All sanlples were negative for antibodies against St. Louis encephalitis virus as determined by PRNT₉₀. Antibodies to flaviviruses were …

The Identification Of Kappa Casein Genotypes In The Hair Roots Of Dairy Cattle, Duangsmorn Suwattana, Chortip Aroondechachai, Jutarat Jeerasuppachok, Chatree Khatiworavage

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Twenty-two dairy cattle, kept at the Demonstration Farm, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Nakorn Pathom, were genotyped using hair roots, for the Kappa-casein gene, using a Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The method for obtaining total DNA was simple, requiring only the digestion of the root of the hair end in a buffer compatible with the subsequent PCR, without any prior purification or extraction step. Two types of alleles, A and B, were in the frequencies of 0.77 and 0.23, espectively. Genotypes AA, AB and BB were demonstrated with the …

The Effect Of Cypermethrin On Laying Chicks (Gallus Domesticus) When Used At Therapeutic Doses For Ectoparasitic Treatment, By Measuring Serum Cholinesterase Activity, Piyarat Chansiripornchai, Niwat Chansiripornchai, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effect of cypermethrin at therapeutic doses for ectoparasitic treatment in laying chicks was evaluated by the measurement of serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The chicks were divided into 5 groups, 20 in each group. All chicks in groups 2 and 3 were bathed with 0.05 ppm cypermethrin for 2 min, while the chicks in group 4 and 5 were bathed with 200 ppm cypermethrin for 2 min. Group 1 acted as a control group. Serum ChE activity in all the chicks in groups 2 and 4 were measured 24 hr after exposure. ChE activity in the chicks in groups 3 …

An Immunohistochemical Study Of The Progesterone Receptor (Pr) Expression In Pyometra Cases And Normal Uteri At The Time Of Dioestrus In The Bitch, Kongkiat Srisuwatanasagul, Sayamon Sukjumlong, Sudson Sirivaidyapong, Sinchai Pianchop

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) and to compare whether there was any difference between pyometra cases and normal bitch uteri, during dioestrus, by means of immunohistochemistry. The uterine samples were collected from bitches which clients had submitted for spaying and for pyometra treatment. The results showed that a difference was obvious in the connective tissue stroma and myometrium in which a higher expression of PR was observed in the pyometra group.It may be postulated that the difference in PR expression in these uterine compartments may be involved in the …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Herbal Plant Quillaja Saponaria Supplementation In Feed On Growth Rate, Fcr, Fecal Ammonia And Blood Urea Nitrogen Of Weanling Pigs, Supol Luengyosluechakul, Athipoo Nuntaprasert, Supot Wattanaphansak, Siam Sengtrakul, Sirirak Sirichaiya, Suthida Leelatanont

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A hundred twenty weaned crossbred pigs of Duroc Jersey and Landrace-Largewhite, weighing an average of 6.55 ± 0.62 kg were divided into three groups. The forty animals of each group were kept separately in four battery cages; each cage consisted of five males and five females. Group allotment was conducted by randomized complete block design (RCBD). Animals of the control group were fed basal diet. Animals of the second and the third group were fed supplemental extract of Quillaja saponaria with basal diet in doses of 125 ppm and 250 ppm respectively for a period of 7 weeks. The parameters …

Gross Anatomy Of The Pygmy Killer Whale Heart Found In Thailand, Wuthichai Klomkleaw, Punnarat Viboonjan, Nantarika Chunsue, Ajchariya Sailasuta

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is the smallest killer whale similar in size to dolphins. This mammal lives deep down in warm sea far from the shore and avoids human contact. Since the number of pygmy killer whales are gradually decreasing it could become an endangered species so it’s morphological study is an important to provide fundamental data for future study and research. The heart of a male pygmy killer whale found in the Petchaburi province of Thailand was studied anatomically. It was triangular-in shape with flattened sides being, short and wide, with a pointed apex. Subepicardial fat was …

A Retrospective Study Of The Treatment Of Paraplegic Dogs, Marissak Kalpravidh

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The case records of 11 dogs recovering from paraplegia, caused by vertebral fracture, vertebral luxation, spondylosis deformans or intervertebral disk protrusion, were studied. The dogs were examined and treated at the animal hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University from June 2000 to October 2004. Upon presentation, all dogs were paraplegic and had weak superficial or deep pain sensations. Only 9 dogs had voluntary motor function in their hindlimbs or tails. Two dogs received both surgical and medical treatment, while the others received only medical treatment, consisting of the administrations of corticosteroids, aescin, vitamin B1 and antibiotics for …

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Locus Encompassing The Latency-Associated Transcript Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Interferes With And Delays Interferon Expression In Productively Infected Neuroblastoma Cells And Trigeminal Ganglia Of Acutely Infected Mice, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Melissa Inman, Lbachir Benmohamed, Guey-Chuen Perng, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only abundant viral transcript expressed in latently infected neurons. LAT inhibits apoptosis, suggesting that it regulates latency by promoting the survival of infected neurons. The LAT locus also contains a newly described gene (AL), which is antisense to LAT and partially overlaps LAT encoding sequences. When human (SK-N-SH) or mouse (neuro-2A) neuroblastoma cells were infected with a virus that does not express LAT or AL gene products (dLAT2903), beta interferon (IFN- β) and IFN- α RNA expression was detected earlier relative to the same cells infected with HSV-1 …

Investigation Of The Toxic Affect Of Manganese On Ruminal Microbial Digestion And Growth, Erin Dearing

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This research investigated the toxic effect of manganese, in a reduced chemical state, on rumen microbial metabolism and growth. The reduced form of manganese is the soluble state found in subsurface waters and has a high red-ox potential. In the study, we investigated the effects of reduced manganese at varying concentrations, on rumen microbial ability to replicate and metabolize carbohydrates. The hypotheses that we tested were as follows: (1) reduced manganese decreases the rate of pH drop associated with rumen culture fermentation of a com based diet and (2) reduced manganese decreases the bacterial growth in rumen culture, as measured …

Characterization Of Cytokine Induction And Effects Of Antiviral Treatment In Four Murine Models Of Poxvirus Infection, Corinna W. Knorr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cytokine profiles during cowpox virus (CPV) strain Brighton and vaccinia virus (VV) strain Western Reserve infections were characterized in intranasal (i.n.) and intraperitoneal (i .p.) models in BALB/c mice. The time-course of induction and effects of cidofovir treatment on interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-γ inducible protein (IP)-10, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined. The four models have distinct patterns of cytokine induction. CPV i.p. and VV i.n. infections showed increased induction throughout the time studied. CPV i.n. infection resulted in delayed induction of IFN-γ and IP-10. Cytokine levels were fairly constant during VV i.p. infections. Cidofovir treatment (100 mg/kg/day …

Tularemia: Emergence/Re-Emergence, Jeannine M. Petersen, Martin E. Schriefer

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, populations, and settings. This review will serve to highlight mechanisms contributing to the recent emergence of tularemia as well as a repertoire of diagnostic tools useful for detecting and diagnosing disease.

Carbon Dioxide For Euthanasia: Concerns Regarding Pain And Distress, With Special Reference To Mice And Rats, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan, Lesley A. King

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most commonly used agent for euthanasia of laboratory rodents, used on an estimated tens of millions of laboratory rodents per year worldwide, yet there is a growing body of evidence indicating that exposure to CO₂ causes more than momentary pain and distress in these and other animals. We reviewed the available literature on the use of CO₂ for euthanasia (as well as anaesthesia) and also informally canvassed laboratory animal personnel for their opinions regarding this topic. Our review addresses key issues such as CO₂ flow rate and final concentration, presence …

Insertional Polymorphisms Of Endogenous Feline Leukemia Viruses, Alfred L. Roca, William G. Nash, Joan C. Menninger, William J. Murphy, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

The number, chromosomal distribution, and insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enFeLVs) were determined in four domestic cats (Burmese, Egyptian Mau, Persian, and nonbreed) using fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Twenty-nine distinct enFeLV loci were detected across 12 of the 18 autosomes. Each cat carried enFeLV at only 9 to 16 of the loci, and many loci were heterozygous for presence of the provirus. Thus, an average of 19 autosomal copies of enFeLV were present per cat diploid genome. Only five of the autosomal enFeLV sites were present in all four cats, and at only one …

Fas Ligand Expression In The Porcine Oviduct, Paisan Tienthai, Yumi Hoshino

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The expression of Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) is thought to be involved in the immune privileged status of the testis, cornea and the placenta. The objective of this study was to see whether FasL mRNA was expressed in the epithelium of the porcine oviduct, where spermatozoa, oocytes and developing embryos avoid elimination by the female immune system during the estrous cycle. The distribution of Fas/FasL might provide information about immune privileged sites in the pig oviduct. The gene expression of FasL was detected in the uterotubal junction (UTJ), isthmus and ampulla of the pig oviductal epithelium, during both pre- and post-ovulatory …

The Characterization Of The 18s Rrna Gene Using A Pcr-Rflp In Order To Develop A Differential Diagnostic Tool For Avian Eimeria Spp., Silamon Choosaksangthong, Woraporn Sukhumavas, Sudjit Chungpivat, Nareerat Viseshakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Avian coccidiosis is a protozoan disease which can be caused by at least 7 species of the genus Eimeria. Species of Eimeria in chicken are distinguished by their distinct morphology and where sites the parasotes are deposited in the small intestine of the infected birds. The criteria for Eimeria species differentiation when the disease occures is sometimes unreliable. Based on 422 base pairs derived from the 3 prime-region of the 18S rRNA gene, containing polymorphic DNA sequences of Eimeria, the technique of PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction and Restriction fragment length polymorphisms) has been developed to identify species-specific DNA profiles of …

A Comparison Of The Immunogenicity Of 5 Newcastle Disease Vaccine Strains Used Against Newcastle Disease Virus In Chickens With No New Castle Disease Antibodies, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

One hundred eighty, male layer-type chickens with no antibodies were divided into 6 groups, 30 birds in each. Each group was vaccinated with a different strain of ND vaccine, La Sota, B1, Ulster, VG/GA and 6/10 for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All vaccinated birds received vaccine when 5-weeks-old, by intranasal inhalation. Birds in group 6 were non-vaccinated controls. All birds were weighed when 5-, 8- and 10-weeks-old. They were challenged when 8-weeks-old with local strain of ND virus. Clinical signs and mortality rates were observed for 3 weeks. Serological responses were determined when 5-, 7-, 8-, …

The Influence Of An Improved Microclimate During Lactation On The Reproductive Performance In Sows In Thailand, Annop Suriyasomboon, Nils Lundeheim, Annop Kunavongkrit, Stig Einarsson

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive performance of lactating sows in Thailand kept in farrowing housing using an evaporative cooling system (EVAP) in comparison with conventional farrowing system (CONV). The study was based on data from one commercial sow herd, with four farrowing houses (one EVAP and three CONV) with sows of different parities, randomly circulating between these farrowing systems. In the herd, continuous farrowing and cross-fostering was practiced, and the litters were weaned at 18.7 ± 1.3 days of age. The data from 11,000 farrowings (between May 1999 to April 2002) were statistically analysed (ANOVA), …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Hyaluronan In The Sow’S Oviduct: Its Effect On Boar Sperm Morphology And Function, Paisan Tienthai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

During sperm transport in the female pig, a proportion of the spermatozoa is arrested at the uterotubal junction and the isthmus, where an oviductal sperm reservoir is built up. The sperm reservoir maintains sperm viability and controls the release of fertilizing spermatozoa so that only a small subpopulation reaches the site of fertilization, thus diminishing the risk of polyspermy. In vitro research has focused on sperm binding as the main mechanism of sperm storage, sperm release and modulation of capacitation, but little attention has been paid to the sperm reservoir fluid, its composition and the control of capacitation in vivo. …