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- Chronic wasting disease (9)
- Prion (7)
- Scrapie (7)
- Sheep (4)
- Brain (3)
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- Elk (3)
- Spongiform encephalopathy (3)
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (3)
- Buggy Creek virus (2)
- CWD (2)
- Cervids (2)
- Genotype (2)
- Hantavirus (2)
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (2)
- Immunohistochemistry (2)
- Prion disease (2)
- Rabies (2)
- White-tailed deer (2)
- Zoonoses (2)
- <i>Odocoileus hemionus (1)
- <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i> (1)
- Cervus elaphus nelsoni</i> (1)
- mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) (1)
- <i>Bartonella henselae</i> / bobcat / <i>Felis concolor</i> / <i>Lynx rufus</i> / puma (1)
- <i>Cervus elaphus nelsoni</i> (1)
- Akodon azarae (1)
- Alphavirus (1)
- Animal export (1)
- Antemortem diagnosis (1)
- Arbovirus (1)
Articles 121 - 150 of 160
Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine
The Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Christopher D. Paddock, Robert C. Holman, James E. Childs
The Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Christopher D. Paddock, Robert C. Holman, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
The emerging tick-borne zoonoses human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) are underreported in the United States. From 1986 through 1997, 1,223 cases (742 HME, 449 HGE, and 32 not ascribed to a specific ehrlichial agent) were reported by state health departments. HME was most commonly reported from southeastern and southcentral states, while HGE was most often reported from northeastern and upper midwestern states. The annual number of reported cases increased sharply, from 69 in 1994 to 364 in 1997, coincident with an increase in the number of states making these conditions notifiable. From 1986 through 1997, 827 …
Long-Term Studies Of Hantavirus Reservoir Populations In The Southwestern United States: A Synthesis, James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C.J. Peters, James E. Childs
Long-Term Studies Of Hantavirus Reservoir Populations In The Southwestern United States: A Synthesis, James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C.J. Peters, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
A series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern United States indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. All studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. These findings are consistent with horizontal transmission and transmission through fighting between adult male rodents. Despite very low rodent densities at some sites, low-level hantavirus infection continued, perhaps because of persistent infection in a few long-lived rodents or periodic reintroduction of virus from neighboring populations. Prevalence of hantavirus antibody …
Diagnosis Of Human Ehrlichiosis By Pcr Assay Of Acute-Phase Serum, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James G. Olson, James E. Childs
Diagnosis Of Human Ehrlichiosis By Pcr Assay Of Acute-Phase Serum, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James G. Olson, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
A PCR assay of 43 acute-phase serum samples was evaluated as a method for early detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and determination of etiology when serologic testing is inconclusive. Sequenceconfirmed products of the HGE agent were amplified from three individuals residing or having exposure history in Minnesota or Wisconsin, and similarly confirmed products from Ehrlichia chaffeensis were amplified from three individuals from Florida or Maryland. Etiology, as determined by PCR and serology, was the same whenever there was a fourfold difference between the maximum titers of antibodies to both antigens, indicating that presumptive determination of etiology may be based …
Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and Peromyscus sp. mice (P. maniculatus and P. truei) were collected from one site in Placer County, one site in Santa Cruz County, and two sites in Sonoma County in northern California. Serum or plasma samples from 260 rodents were tested for antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Of these, samples from 25 wood rats (34% of those tested) and 10 (8%) Peromyscus sp. mice were found to be seropositive, but only those from one site. PCR assays targeting the groESL heat shock operon were conducted on all seropositive …
Outcome Of Diagnostic Tests Using Samples From Patients With Culture-Proven Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Implications For Surveillance, James E. Childs, John W. Sumner, William L. Nicholson, Robert F. Massung, Steven M. Standaert, Christopher D. Paddock
Outcome Of Diagnostic Tests Using Samples From Patients With Culture-Proven Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Implications For Surveillance, James E. Childs, John W. Sumner, William L. Nicholson, Robert F. Massung, Steven M. Standaert, Christopher D. Paddock
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
We describe the concordance among results from various laboratory tests using samples derived from nine culture-proven cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. A class-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, using E. chaffeensis antigen, identified 44 and 33% of the isolation-confirmed HME patients on the basis of samples obtained at initial clinical presentation, respectively; detection of morulae in blood smears was similarly insensitive (22% positive). PCR amplifications of ehrlichial DNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene, the variable-length PCR target gene, and the groESL operon were positive for whole blood specimens obtained …
Hidden Mortality Attributable To Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection Of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease, James E. Childs, Patricia W. Greer, Tara L. Ferebee, Joseph Singleton Jr., Don B. Mckechnie, Tracee A. Treadwell, John W. Krebs, Matthew J. Clarke, Robert C. Holman, James G. Olson, Christopher D. Paddock, Sherif R. Zaki
Hidden Mortality Attributable To Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection Of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease, James E. Childs, Patricia W. Greer, Tara L. Ferebee, Joseph Singleton Jr., Don B. Mckechnie, Tracee A. Treadwell, John W. Krebs, Matthew J. Clarke, Robert C. Holman, James G. Olson, Christopher D. Paddock, Sherif R. Zaki
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most severe tickborne infection in the United States and is a nationally notifiable disease. Since 1981, the annual case-fatality ratio for RMSF has been determined from laboratory-confirmed cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Herein, a description is given of patients with fatal, serologically unconfirmed RMSF for whom a diagnosis of RMSF was established by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tissues obtained at autopsy. During 1996-1997, acute-phase serum and tissue samples from patients with fatal disease compatible with RMSF were tested at the CDC. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay, …
Search For The Ebola Virus Reservoir In Kikwit, Democratic Republic Of The Congo: Reflections On A Vertebrate Collection, Herwig Leirs, James N. Mills, John W. Krebs, James E. Childs, Dudu Akaibe, Neal Woollen, George Ludwig, Clarence J. Peters, Thomas G. Ksiazek
Search For The Ebola Virus Reservoir In Kikwit, Democratic Republic Of The Congo: Reflections On A Vertebrate Collection, Herwig Leirs, James N. Mills, John W. Krebs, James E. Childs, Dudu Akaibe, Neal Woollen, George Ludwig, Clarence J. Peters, Thomas G. Ksiazek
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit. Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the …
Population Dynamics Of A Naturally Occurring Heterogeneous Mixture Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Clones, Erick K. Hofmeister, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, David H. Persing
Population Dynamics Of A Naturally Occurring Heterogeneous Mixture Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Clones, Erick K. Hofmeister, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, David H. Persing
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Two unique isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi, differing in plasmid content and outer surface protein C expression, were cultured on sequential captures of a single free-living Peromyscus leucopus mouse and were examined for differences in transmissibility. Both isolates were transmissible from inoculated C.B-17 mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks and, subsequently, from infected nymphal ticks to C3H/HeJ mice. Plasmid and protein analyses suggested that the original isolates were a mixed population of B. burgdorferi, and cloning by limiting dilution resulted in the identification of two clonal groups. In addition to being heterogeneous in plasmid and genomic macrorestriction analyses, the …
Isolation Of A New Subspecies, Bartonella Vinsonii Subsp. Arupensis, From A Cattle Rancher: Identity With Isolates Found In Conjunction With Borrelia Burgdorferi And Babesia Microti Among Naturally Infected Mice, David F. Welch, Karen C. Carroll, Erick K. Hofmeister, David H. Persing, Denise A. Robison, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, Don J. Brenner
Isolation Of A New Subspecies, Bartonella Vinsonii Subsp. Arupensis, From A Cattle Rancher: Identity With Isolates Found In Conjunction With Borrelia Burgdorferi And Babesia Microti Among Naturally Infected Mice, David F. Welch, Karen C. Carroll, Erick K. Hofmeister, David H. Persing, Denise A. Robison, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, Don J. Brenner
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of Bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. The subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus Bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of B. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with X factor and by its pattern of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide substrates. DNA relatedness studies verified that the isolate belonged to the genus Bartonella and that it was genotypically related to B. vinsonii. The highest level of relatedness was observed with recently characterized …
Oral Transmission And Early Lymphoid Tropism Of Chronic Wasting Disease PrpRes In Mule Deer Fawns (Odocoileus Hemionus), Christina J. Sigurdson, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Edward A. Hoover
Oral Transmission And Early Lymphoid Tropism Of Chronic Wasting Disease PrpRes In Mule Deer Fawns (Odocoileus Hemionus), Christina J. Sigurdson, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Edward A. Hoover
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns were necropsied and examined for PrPres, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrPres was detected in alimentarytract- associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following: retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer’s patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter …
Prp Genotypes Of Captive And Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) With Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. E. Besser, M. W. Miller, T. F. Cline, T. R. Spraker, A. L. Jenny, M. A. Wild, G. L. Zebarth
Prp Genotypes Of Captive And Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) With Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. E. Besser, M. W. Miller, T. F. Cline, T. R. Spraker, A. L. Jenny, M. A. Wild, G. L. Zebarth
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
The PrP gene encodes the putative causative agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a heterogeneous group of fatal, neurodegenerative disorders including human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ovine scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of North American deer and elk. Polymorphisms in the PrP gene are associated with variations in relative susceptibility, pathological lesion patterns, incubation times and clinical course of TSEs of humans, mice and sheep. Sequence analysis of the PrP gene from Rocky Mountain elk showed only one amino acid change (Met to Leu at cervid codon 132). Homozygosity for Met at the corresponding polymorphic site (Met …
Family Cluster Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, James E. Childs, Timothy F. Jones, Allen S. Craig, Christopher D. Paddock, Don B. Mckechnie, Sherif R. Zaki, William Schaffner
Family Cluster Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, James E. Childs, Timothy F. Jones, Allen S. Craig, Christopher D. Paddock, Don B. Mckechnie, Sherif R. Zaki, William Schaffner
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Soon after a patient from Tennessee died of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), several family members developed symptoms suggestive of the disease and were treated presumptively for RMSF. Fifty-four persons visiting the index patient's home were interviewed; serum samples were collected from 35. Three additional cases of RMSF were confirmed, all of which occurred in firstdegree relatives. Time spent at the family home and going into the surrounding woods were significantly associated with developing antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii. Ticks were collected and examined for rickettsiae by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Because hyperendemic foci and family clusters of RMSF can …
Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis Variable-Length Pcr Target: An Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock
Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis Variable-Length Pcr Target: An Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti-E. chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-aminoacid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. …
Serologic Testing For Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis At A National Referral Center, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, James G. Olson, James E. Childs
Serologic Testing For Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis At A National Referral Center, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, James G. Olson, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify patients with antibodies reactive to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent. Serum samples collected from clinically ill individuals were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by physicians via state health departments from throughout the United States and tested against a panel of ehrlichial and rickettsial pathogens. Antibodies reactive to the HGE agent were detected in 142 (8.9%) of 1,602 individuals tested. There were 19 confirmed and 59 probable (n = 78) cases of HGE as defined by seroconversion or a fourfold or higher titer to the HGE agent …
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis In Europe: Clinical And Laboratory Findings For Four Patients From Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis In Europe: Clinical And Laboratory Findings For Four Patients From Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Febrile illnesses following a tick bite in patients from Slovenia were evaluated for an ehrlichial etiology. A case of acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was confirmed by seroconversion to the HGE agent or molecular identification of ehrlichial organisms. Acute infection with the HGE agent was confirmed in four patients. None of the patients had detectable antibodies to the HGE agent at their first visit, but polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for three patients. All four patients subsequently seroconverted to the HGE agent as shown by high titers of antibody. Clinical features and laboratory findings were similar to those in …
Ecologic Studies Of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance For Human Health, James N. Mills, James E. Childs
Ecologic Studies Of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance For Human Health, James N. Mills, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Within the past few years, the number of “new” human diseases associated with small-mammal reservoirs has increased dramatically, stimulating renewed interest in reservoir ecology research. A consistent, integrative approach to such research allows direct comparisons between studies, contributes to the efficient use of resources and data, and increases investigator safety. We outline steps directed toward understanding vertebrate host ecology as it relates to human disease and illustrate the relevance of each step by using examples from studies of hosts associated with rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses.
Serologic Evidence Of Infection With Ehrlichia Spp. In Wild Rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) In The United States, William L. Nicholson, Susie Muir, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Serologic Evidence Of Infection With Ehrlichia Spp. In Wild Rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) In The United States, William L. Nicholson, Susie Muir, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Rodent (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) blood and sera collected from 14 states were tested for seroreactivity to a cultured isolate of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 1,240 samples tested, 136 (11%) were found to be reactive at titers of ≥32. Rodents with HGE agent-specific antibodies were found in New York (23% of 491 samples; geometric mean endpoint titer GMT = 441), Connecticut (11% of 100 samples; GMT = 481), California (9% of 32 samples; GMT = 323), Colorado (2% of 212 samples; GMT = 256), Florida (7% of 27 samples; GMT = 362), …
Dietary Habits Of The Common Rodents In An Agrecosystem In Argentina, Barbara A. Ellis, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass, Kelly T. Mckee Jr, Delia A. Enria, James E. Childs
Dietary Habits Of The Common Rodents In An Agrecosystem In Argentina, Barbara A. Ellis, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass, Kelly T. Mckee Jr, Delia A. Enria, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves and seeds) varied among species and seasons. Akodon azarae largely was entomophagous; arthropods formed 41-62% of the diet in all seasons. The other four species (Calomys musculinus, Calomys laucha, Bolomys obscurus, and Oligoryzomys flavescens) consumed most diet items throughout the year, but relative proportions varied among seasons. Leaves formed a relatively minor proportion of the …
Monoclonal Antibody F89/160.1.5 Defines A Conserved Epitope On The Ruminant Prion Protein, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler, Janice M. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman, Donald P. Knowles
Monoclonal Antibody F89/160.1.5 Defines A Conserved Epitope On The Ruminant Prion Protein, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler, Janice M. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman, Donald P. Knowles
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a heterogeneous group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders occurring in humans, mink, cats, and ruminant herbivores. The occurrence of novel transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle in the United Kingdom and Europe and in mule deer and elk in parts of the United States has emphasized the need for reliable diagnostic tests with standardized reagents. Postmortem diagnosis is performed by histologic examination of brain sections from affected animals. The histopathological criteria for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies include gliosis, astrocytosis, neuronal degeneration, and spongiform change. These lesions vary in intensity and anatomic location depending on the host species and …
Preclinical Detection Of PrpSc In Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Of Sheep, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. V. Baszler, S. M. Parish, D. P. Knowles
Preclinical Detection Of PrpSc In Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Of Sheep, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. V. Baszler, S. M. Parish, D. P. Knowles
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
SHEEP scrapie is the prototype of a heterogeneous group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSES) which occur in humans, cattle, cats, mink and cervids. TSEs are characterised by the deposition of prion proteins (Prp-Scrapie or PrpSc) in the central nervous system of affected individuals (Prusiner 1982). PrPSc and infectivity have also been detected in the lymphoreticular system of sheep well before symptoms occur (Hadlow and others 1982, Race and others 1992). Detection of PrpSc in lymphoid tissue, such as tonsils or peripheral lymph nodes, has been proposed as a preclinical diagnostic test for scrapie (Ikegami and others …
Prp Genotypes And Experimental Scrapie In Orally Inoculated Suffolk Sheep In The United States, Katherine I. O'Rourke, G. R. Holyoak, W. W. Clark, J. R. Mickelson, S. Wang, R. P. Melco, T. E. Besser, W. C. Foote
Prp Genotypes And Experimental Scrapie In Orally Inoculated Suffolk Sheep In The United States, Katherine I. O'Rourke, G. R. Holyoak, W. W. Clark, J. R. Mickelson, S. Wang, R. P. Melco, T. E. Besser, W. C. Foote
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
One-hundred and three United States Suffolk sheep were inoculated orally with a scrapie agent preparation and monitored for clinical disease and histopathological lesions characteristic of scrapie. A retrospective study of the polymorphisms at codon 171 of the prion protein (PrP) gene was performed on these sheep. All 63 sheep that developed scrapie during the observation period were homozygous for the glutamine 171 (171-QQ) PrP allele. Twelve 171-QQ sheep failed to develop disease. All 5 sheep homozygous for arginine (171-RR) and all 23 heterozygous (171-QR) sheep remained free of scrapie.
Spongiform Encephalopathy In Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) And Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) In Northcentral Colorado, T. R. Spraker, M. W. Miller, E. S. Williams, D. M. Getzy, W. J. Adrian, G. G. Schoonveid, R. A. Spowart, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. M. Miller, P. A. Merz
Spongiform Encephalopathy In Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) And Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) In Northcentral Colorado, T. R. Spraker, M. W. Miller, E. S. Williams, D. M. Getzy, W. J. Adrian, G. G. Schoonveid, R. A. Spowart, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. M. Miller, P. A. Merz
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Between March 1981 and June 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral Colorado (USA). Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41(84%) of the 49 cases, but six Rocky Mountain elk (Cereus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. Clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ataxia, and weakness. Emaciation with total loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue and serous atrophy of remaining fat depots were the only consistent gross findings. Spongiform encephalopathy …
Current Issues In Rabies Prevention In The United States: Health Dilemmas, Public Coffers, Private Interests, Charles E. Rupprecht, Jean S. Smith, John Krebs, Michael Niezgoda, James E. Childs
Current Issues In Rabies Prevention In The United States: Health Dilemmas, Public Coffers, Private Interests, Charles E. Rupprecht, Jean S. Smith, John Krebs, Michael Niezgoda, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Over the last 100 years, rabies in the United States has changed dramati~ally. More than 90% of all animal rabies cases reported annually to the CDC now occur in wildlife, whereas before 1960 the majority were in domestic animals. The principal rabies hosts today are wild carnivores and bats infected with several viral variants. Annual human deaths have fallen from more than a hundred at the turn of the century to one to two per year despite major outbreaks of animal rabies in several geographic areas. Modem day prophylaxis has proven nearly 100% successful; most human fatalities now occur in …
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Two members of the genus Bartonella, Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) and Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae), have recently been recognized as agents of severe or fatal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiencyv irus (HIV). The development of infection with B. henselae in HIV-infected individuals has been associated with traumatic contact with cats (scratches or bites), and domestic cats have been identified as a major reservoir for this organism. Specific information regarding the transmission of B. henselae to humans is not yet available, but common-sense precautions that minimize exposure to cat-associated organisms are appropriate. Preliminary accounts suggest that …
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Rabies is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive encephalopathy and ultimately death in an infected human. Globally, the risk of contracting rabies for humans is greatest in regions of the developing world where dog rabies is enzootic. Where rabies in dogs has been eliminated or otherwise controlled through vaccination programs, the disease can be maintained by wildlife. Wildlife primarily involved in maintenance of transmission cycles are carnivores and bats. Persons having frequent contact with wildlife, such as mammalogists, are at …
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
We review two groups of taxonomically unrelated viruses that share similarities in host preference and transmission routes to humans and pose a risk for mammalogists working with rodents. The rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses in the Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae are widely distributed on most continents where rodents occur. Their geographic distribution usually exceeds the distribution of the recognized human diseases they cause and has resulted from either natural coevolutionary events or the dissemination of viral passengers traveling with introduced mammalian hosts. Diseases of humans caused by these agents are among the most severe and most frequently fatal of zoonotic diseases. These …
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ≥ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio …
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and the possibility of aerosol transmission of hantaviruses, persons handling known reservoir species in the field, laboratory, or classroom should take special precautions to minimize the risk of infection. We provide specific guidelines for personal safety while trapping, handling and releasing, transporting, sampling, and performing necropsy on potentially infected rodents or teaching field classes in areas occupied by reservoir species. Special consideration should be given to respiratory protection, choice and use of disinfectants, decontamination of instruments and traps, proper disposal of infectious wastes, and preservation and shipment of …
Serologic And Genetic Identification Of Peromyscus Maniculatus As The Primary Rodent Reservoir For A New Hantavirus In The Southwestern United States, James E. Childs, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John W. Krebs, Sergey Morzunov, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth L. Gage, Pierre E. Rollin, John Sarisky, Russell E. Enscore, Jennifer K. Frey, C. J. Peters, Stuart T. Nichol
Serologic And Genetic Identification Of Peromyscus Maniculatus As The Primary Rodent Reservoir For A New Hantavirus In The Southwestern United States, James E. Childs, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John W. Krebs, Sergey Morzunov, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth L. Gage, Pierre E. Rollin, John Sarisky, Russell E. Enscore, Jennifer K. Frey, C. J. Peters, Stuart T. Nichol
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome(H PS) in the southwestern United States was etiologically linked to a newly recognized hantavirus. Knowledge that hantaviruses are maintained in rodent reservoirs stimulated a field and laboratory investigation of 1696 small mammals of 31 species. The most commonly captured rodent, the deer mouse( Peromyscus maniculatus), had the highest antibody prevalence(3 %)to four hantavirus antigens. Antibody also was detected in 10 other species of rodent and in 1 species of rabbit. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR)products of hantavirus from rodent tissues were indistinguishable from those from human H PS patients. More than 96% of …
White-Tailed Deer As A Potential Reseroir Of Ehrlichia Spp., Jacqueline E. Dawson, James E. Childs, Kristine L. Biggie, Charla Moore, David Stalknecht, John Shaddock, John Bouseman, Erik Hofmeister, James G. Olson
White-Tailed Deer As A Potential Reseroir Of Ehrlichia Spp., Jacqueline E. Dawson, James E. Childs, Kristine L. Biggie, Charla Moore, David Stalknecht, John Shaddock, John Bouseman, Erik Hofmeister, James G. Olson
Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications
We determined the antibody prevalence to Ehrlichia spp., in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the geographic distribution of seropositive animals in 84 counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia (USA). Using an indirect fluorescent antibody test we detected antibodies (≥ 1:128) to this bacterium in 544 (43%) of 1269 deer. Presence of antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. was related to a southerly latitude, low elevation, and resulting milder climatic conditions. It appears that whitetailed deer were naturally infected with Ehrlichia spp.; the infection …