Sports Sciences Commons^™

An Exploratory Study Of The Effects Of Aquatic Walking On Function And Muscle Activity In Knee Osteoarthritis: Part 2, John M. Coons, Brandon Grubbs, Conor Theiss, Vaughn W. Barry, Sandra Stevens

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This paper presents Part 2 of a study that investigated the effects of an 8-week (3x/week) underwater treadmill (UT) walking intervention on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) outcomes in 6 adults with KOA (62.7 ± 14.2 years). The Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) for activities of daily living and muscle activity during a 10-m walk and a 20 cm step down were measured before and after the intervention. The following KOS measures improved after the UT walking program (p < 0.05; g > 0.8): stiffness, swelling, weakness, walking, going up stairs, going downstairs, kneeling on the front of the knee, squatting, and sitting with the …

Pressurized Device For Mitigating Atrophy In Soleus During Long-Duration Spaceflight, Ramona Tovar Briones, Kimhab Sor, Breandrea Diaz, Dona Varghese, Benjamin Easter, Hunter Alvis, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A major concern with long duration spaceflight, skeletal muscle atrophy is most detrimental in lower limb musculature, particularly in muscles critical for proper gait, such as the soleus. The decline of muscle activation and the suppression of sensory input from plantar sole mechanoreceptors can add to the attenuation of skeletal muscle health during spaceflight. More specifically, inhibition of sensory input from sole receptors, such as with gravitational unloading, decreases selective activation, thereby negatively affecting muscle tone and inevitably resulting in lower limb atrophy. PURPOSE: To design, fabricate, and test a specialized boot with an insole that applies oscillating pneumatic …

Electromyographic Activation Of The Quadriceps During The Concentric Phase Of The Squat, Kase Pennartz, Dakota Harris, Calvin Smith, Lyric Richardson, Micheal Luera

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanical muscle properties such as length-tension relationship in conjunction with electromyography (EMG) allow greater insight into the overall motor coordination. The different morphologies of the quadriceps and their force generating capacities can be quantified through the differences in EMG amplitude. PURPOSE: To examine quadriceps activation during the squat exercise under various intensities. METHODS: Eleven participants (age 18-35; height: 181.1 ± 8.9cm; weight: 97.7 ± 19.1kg) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed three visits, one familiarization and two testing days separated by 48 hours. Ultrasound images were obtained from the three primary leg extensor muscles (vastus lateralis (VL), …

The Relationship Between Gluteus Maximus Activation And Running Economy In Recreational Distance Runners, Carlos Hernandez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Within the running community, there are strategies that a trainer will utilize to improve the performance of an athlete. One of these strategies suggests that an increase in activation of the Gluteus Maximus (GM) muscle will result in an increase in the efficiency of runners. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between GM activation and running economy (RE).

Methods: Three female and seven male recreational runners (27±8 yrs) from California Polytechnic State University, Humboldt and the local community. A Pearson product-correlation was used to determine the strength of the relationship between Gluteus Maximus activation and …

Electromyographic Comparison Between The Rear-Foot-Elevated Vs. B-Stance Unilateral Back Squat Techniques, Sarah Pearce, Jennifer Rivera, Minhyuk Kwon, Whitney Leyva, Edward Jo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Rear-Foot-Elevated back squat (RFE) and B-Stance (BS) are two unilateral back squat techniques with the latter commonly proposed as the more stable of the two. There is currently a lack of research comparing these two techniques with respect to neuromuscular demand and movement characteristics. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activation differences via surface electromyography (EMG) between the RFE vs. BS unilateral back squat techniques with equated load. METHODS: Thirteen healthy college-aged, resistance-trained male (n=10) and female (n=3) subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects visited the laboratory on two occasions separated …

Snapping Triceps Syndrome: A Rare Cause Of Medial Elbow Pain, Dale Bongbong, Kevin Gilbert Ms, Kenneth Vitale Md, Fascm, Jennifer Tram Md

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Snapping medial triceps is a relatively rare cause of medial elbow pain that occurs when the tricep tendon dislocates over the medial or lateral epicondyle. Physical exams usually demonstrate intermittent medial elbow pain with extreme elbow flexion or extension, however dynamic diagnostic studies allow for direct visualization of the dislocating tricep. This case report adds to the sparse literature on snapping medial triceps. METHODS: We report a rare occurrence of snapping medial triceps in a young female who initially presented with pain at the posteromedial right elbow with extreme flexion and extension. Intermittent snapping of the medial elbow was …

Effects Of Upper Body Eccentric Versus Concentric Strength Training And Detraining On Maximal Force, Muscle Activation, Hypertrophy And Serum Hormones In Women, Keijo Häkkinen, Robert U. Newton, Simon Walker, Arja Häkkinen, Sonja Krapi, Rebekka Rekola, Päivi Koponen, William J. Kraemer, G. Gregory Haff, Anthony Blazevich, Kazunori Nosaka, Juha Ahtiainen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Effects of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) strength training of the upper body performed twice a week for 10 weeks followed by detraining for five weeks on maximal force, muscle activation, muscle mass and serum hormone concentrations were investigated in young women (n = 11 and n = 12). One-repetition bench press (1RM), maximal isometric force and surface electromyography (EMG) of triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD) and pectoralis major (PM), cross-sectional area (CSA) of TB (Long (LoH) and Lateral Head (LaH)) and thickness of PM, as well as serum concentrations of free testosterone, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and sex …

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Vastus Lateralis And Vastus Medialis Muscles Among Different Crank Lengths In Cycling, Jackson C. Crovella, Karoline M. Wucherer, Joy He, Christiane R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Crank length (CL) on a bicycle may influence the total activation and period of activation of the leg muscles. Differences in total muscular activation suggest that CL may alter muscular fatigue. Differences in muscular onset and offset suggest that CL may shift muscle activation periods across a 360 degree crank cycle. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of four different CL (155, 165, 175, and 185 mm) on muscular activation of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM). METHODS: Nine non-cyclists (6M, 3F, aged 18-55) participated in a single blind randomized cross-over experiment with four CL. Delsys EMG sensors …

Electromyographic Examination Of Hip And Knee Extension Hex Bar Exercises Varied By Starting Knee And Torso Angles, Meghan Mccauley, Jennifer Rivera, Whitney D. Leyva, Kalin A. Tomlinson, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Elisabeth Zeitz, Edward Jo Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Variations of the deadlift can be executed using the hexagonal (hex) bar by altering, for instance, the knee and torso angles while maintaining a constant hip angle at the start position. PURPOSE: To examine muscle activation patterns of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae during three deadlift variations using the hex bar. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained male and female subjects performed hex bar deadlift variations in three different starting knee flexion positions: 128.4 ± 8.5° (elevated Romanian Deadlift), 111.9 ± 8.7° (conventional elevated deadlift), and 98.3 ± 6.5° (conventional hexagonal bar deadlift). Subjects performed three repetitions at …

Electromyographical Differences Between The Hyperextension And Reverse-Hyperextension, Matthew Cuthbert, Nicholas J. Ripley, Timothy J. Suchomel, Robert Alejo, John J. Mcmahon, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

ABSTRACT: Cuthbert, M, Ripley, NJ, Suchomel, TJ, Alejo, R, McMahon, JJ, and Comfort, P. Electromyographical differences between the hyperextension and reverse-hyperextension. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1477-1483, 2021-The aims of this study were to compare muscle activation of the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GMax), and biceps femoris (BF) during the hyperextension (HE) and reverse-HE (RHE) exercises. Ten subjects (age, 23 ± 4 years; height, 175.9 ± 6.9 cm; mass, 75.2 ± 9.7 kg) had electromyography (EMG) electrodes placed on the ES, GMax, and BF muscles in accordance with SENIAM (Surface EMG for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles) guidelines. Subjects performed …

Examining The Effect Of Partial-Range Of Motion Bench Press Exercise On Metabolic Work, Regional Myoelectrical Amplitude, And Local Muscle Hyperemia: A Pilot Study., Jacob D. Fanno, Ian Powell, Cole Hambric, Daniel Newmire

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Traditionally, it is recommended to utilize a full-range of motion (fROM) during resistance training; however, recent data has found that using a partial-range of motion (pROM) may elicit similar hypertrophy and strength gains. Further research is required to assess the acute physiological differences of pROM in comparison to traditional fROM during a resistance exercise bout. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study is to observe the metabolic work, myoelectrical amplitude, and muscle hyperemia during and following bouts of both flat and incline barbell bench press exercises with differing ranges of motion. METHODS: One male subject (21.6y; 168cm; 83kg; …

Force And Emg Comparison Between A Weight-Bearing Clinical Assessment Of Hip Strength Assessment And Non-Weightbearing Tasks, Kemery J. Sigmund, Jennifer E. Earl-Boehm

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Altered hip strength is a risk factor for lower extremity injury but its relationship to biomechanical dysfunction is debated. Hip strength assessment methods are criticized for using unidirectional, non-weight-bearing positions which may not be representative of athletic activity and may affect comparison to biomechanical analysis of athletic tasks. A weight-bearing task may better represent hip muscle function during these movements. The aim of this study was to identify EMG and force differences for a clinical weight-bearing method of hip strength (the squat-hold) to traditional non-weight-bearing maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) for hip abduction, extension, and external rotation. Methods: Twenty-nine …

Different Effects Of Static And Vibrating Foam Rollers On Ankle Plantar Flexion Flexibility And Neuromuscular Activation, Brianna G. Mazzei

Honors College Theses

The relatively new implementation of vibration into foam rollers was developed in response to the positive feedback of whole-body vibration treatment and foam rolling therapy. The purpose of the study is to research the changes in range of motion and myoelectric activity of the ankle dorsiflexors in female NCAA Division I swimmers when using a vibrating foam roller in comparison to a static foam roller. Combining the self-myofascial release with the increased blood flow and muscle temperature exerted from vibration could possibly enhance the effects of foam-rolling treatment. The different effects of ankle flexibility and motor unit activation after static …

The Effects Of Two Post-Activation Potentiation Methods On Muscular Activation, Ileana A. Jarquin, Samuel Montalvo, Daniel Conde, Gabriel Ibarra-Mejia, Sandor Dorgo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Post Activation Potentiation (PAP) is an exercise concept based on utilizing a maximal voluntary contraction of the muscles at task to potentiate a dynamic muscular contraction of the same muscles. It is well established that PAP is modulated between performance readiness and muscular fatigue. Heart Rate percentage (HR%) has been used as an indicator of performance readiness and muscular fatigue. PURPOSE: To examine different muscular activation (μV) in response to two different PAP protocols during the vertical jump exercise. METHODS: 8 participants (5 males and 3 females; mean ± SD: Age = 22.6 ± 1.76 years; Height …

Performance Impact Of Different Lower-Limb Setup Positions In The Backstroke Swimming Start, Gordon E. Barkwell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The performance impact of different knee extension angles in the setup position for a backstroke start was evaluated using an instrumented starting surface. Ten backstroke swimmers completed maximum-effort starts in each of two setup positions: one with the knees flexed, and one with the knees extended. The start handles and touchpad were instrumented with tri-axial force plates. Activity of major hip and knee extensors was measured using surface electromyography. Body position was recorded throughout the start using two high-speed cameras. There was no difference in time to 10 m between the two conditions, indicating there is likely no advantage in …

Efficacy Of Electromyography And The Dead Bug Exercise, Taylor M. Scavo, Rachel C. Cooklin, Erika N. Faria, Madeline L. Johnson, Eric Sternlicht

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

The Dead Bug exercise is performed in physical therapy clinics to restore lumbar spine stability and core strength in patients with lower back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using electromyography (EMG) feedback to enhance proper mechanics during the Dead Bug exercise. Sixteen healthy, college age students volunteered as subjects for the study. Subjects performed the Dead Bug (Fig. 1a.) with and without visual EMG cues and were given instructions on how to execute the exercise. Data was recorded using a BTS FREEEMG Analyzer and signal processed and data analyzed using the BTS …

Adaptations Of Lumbar Biomechanics After Four Weeks Of Running Training With Minimalist Footwear And Technique Guidance: Implications For Running-Related Lower Back Pain, Szu-Ping Lee, Joshua P. Bailey, Jo Armour Smith, Stephanie Barton, David Brown, Talia Joyce

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives

To investigate the changes in lumbar kinematic and paraspinal muscle activation before, during, and after a 4-week minimalist running training.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Participants

Seventeen habitually shod recreational runners who run 10–50 km per week.

Main outcome measures

During stance phases of running, sagittal lumbar kinematics was recorded using an electrogoniometer, and activities of the lumbar paraspinal muscles were assessed by electromyography. Runners were asked to run at a prescribed speed (3.1 m/s) and a self-selected speed.

Results

For the 3.1 m/s running speed, significant differences were found in the calculated mean lumbar posture …

The Influence Of Hip Mobility And Fatigue On Spinal Flexion And Muscle Activation In Rugby Scrum Performance, Joshua D. Clayton

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Introduction: Rugby scrumming is a means of restarting play following a minor rule infringement that can occur up to 28 times per game. The scrum poses a significant injury risk, with more days missed due to injury per event than any other rugby activity. Rugby players also have a significantly higher rate of spine injury than the general population, perhaps due to flexion in combination with high compression forces, which has been cited as the main mechanism of injury. Flexion of the spine has also been associated with poor hip mobility and quadriceps fatigue in other athletic tasks and may …

Effects Of Lift Velocity On Muscle Activation During Leg Extension, Stephen C. Glass

Stephen C Glass

Abstract: It is not known if manipulating velocity within a prescribed resistance training mode will improve muscle activation. Muscle activations of the Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Vastus Medialis (VM) and Bicep Femoris (BF) were examined during a leg extension exercise at 3 different velocities on 15 subjects (10men, 5 female, Age = 21.5 ± 1.8 yrs, Height = 171.2 ± 12.5 cm, Mass = 75.5 ± 16.3 kg). Trials of 1 set of 10 repetitions at 60% of 1RM, were performed at 15, 30 and 60º/s. Bipolar surface electrodes were placed over the BF, RF, VL, and VM. …

Age-Related Differences In Inter-Digit Coupling During Finger Pinching, Justin Keogh, S. Morrison, R. Barrett

Justin Keogh

The present study was designed to examine the finger-pinch force control, digit force sharing and digit coupling relations of 13 young and 14 older adults. Subjects performed four isometric tri-digit finger-pinch force production conditions reflecting all combinations of mean force level (20 and 40% MVC) and target shape (constant and sinusoidal). Older adults had significantly reduced force control, as indicated by their greater levels of absolute and relative force variability and targeting error than young adults. The age-related loss of relative force control was more pronounced at low (20% MVC) than high (40% MVC) forces, and to a lesser extent, …