Sports Sciences Commons^™

Resolution Of Pain At Night And Improved Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy, Evan T. Zheng, Koya Osada, Jillian L. Mazzocca, Natalie A. Lowenstein, Jamie E. Collins, Elizabeth G. Matzkin

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is performed for symptomatic meniscal tears that fail conservative treatment. Patients often report pain at night, although little research has been done to evaluate corresponding outcomes.

PURPOSE: To (1) evaluate patients with and without preoperative nighttime pain who underwent APM and (2) assess postoperative resolution of symptoms and associated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing primary APM with or without chondroplasty at a tertiary academic center were prospectively enrolled in a database. Patient characteristics and PROMs were obtained pre- and postoperatively up to 2 years-including …

Influence Of Height And Reach On Fight-Ending Punches In The Ultimate Fighting Championship™ Mixed Martial Arts Promotion, Oliver R. Barley, Shayne Vial, Mark Scanlan, Liam C. Tapsell, Corey Wilson, Julian Giustiniano, Matthew G. Plush, Colin S. Doherty

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In mixed martial arts, punches commonly lead to a knockout (KO) or technical knockout (TKO), though factors influencing such punches are unclear. This study assessed how differences in height, reach, and combined difference (height + reach) influence fight-ending punches. We analysed 264 Ultimate Fighting Championship contests that concluded with a KO/TKO from hooks, straights, uppercuts, or overhand punches. Three multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed the influence of (a) reach, (b) height and (c) combined difference on likelihood of punch type, with overhand punches as the reference category. Pairwise comparisons for punch type were conducted, and probability differences were compared across …

Walking Performance Is Worse In Black Than White People With Multiple Sclerosis, Robert W. Motl, Deborah Backus, Jeffrey R. Hebert, Alexander V. Ng, Kevin K. Mccully, Whitney N. Neal, Hollie Schmidt, Robert Mcburney, Prudence Plummer, Francois Bethoux, John Lowman, Gary R. Cutter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

There is emerging evidence for poor health outcomes among Black people with MS, and Black people with MS may have worse walking performance than White counterparts.

Purpose

The current study examined if Black participants with MS had slower walking speed (timed 25-foot walk, T25FW) and shorter walking distance (six-minute walk, 6MW) than White participants, and if these differences were accounted for by demographic variables, physical activity, disease/clinical characteristics, and Social Determinants of Health (SDOH).

Method

The analysis included samples of Black (N = 105) and White (N = 246) participants with MS who completed the T25FW and 6MW, underwent …

Effects Of Hiit In Cool And Hot On Temperate Performance And Physiological Response In Trained Cyclists, Jason R. Boynton, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study investigated cardiopulmonary responses in hot and cool high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and the subsequent effects on time-trial (TT) performance and physiological responses in temperate conditions. Twenty trained cyclists were separated into 2 groups and completed a 4-week HIIT intervention (8 sessions, 5 × 4 minute) at an environmental temperature (TA) of either 13° C (HIIT13) or 35° C (HIIT35). Cardiorespiratory data (e.g., heart rate [HR] and time above 90% Vo2max [T > 90% Vo2max]) were assessed for the first and last interval sessions. Infjects completed 20 km TTs in temperate conditions (22° C) before (TT1) and after (TT2) HIIT …

Effects On Force, Velocity, Power, And Muscle Activation Of Resistances With Variable Inertia Generated By Programmable Electromechanical Motors During Explosive Chest Press Exercises, Luca Zoffoli, Silvano Zanuso, Andrea Biscarini

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Strength training machines incorporating advanced electro-mechanical technologies can produce hybrid resistances with variable inertia, such as a resistance that progressively changes from gravitational (inertial) to pneumatic (non-inertial) across the range of motion (ROM). To explore the biomechanical effects of these innovative resistances, a robotic chest press machine was programmed to offer three distinct inertial profiles: gravitational-type constant inertia throughout the ROM (IFULL); no inertia (IZERO); and linearly descending inertia across the ROM (IVAR). Ten healthy adults performed five maximal-effort, explosive chest press movements under each inertial profile at 30, 50 and 70% of their one-repetition maximum. During each trial, muscle …

The Relationship Between Individualised Speed Thresholds And Changes In Aerobic Fitness In Elite Professional Youth Soccer Players. A Case Study, Ronan Kavanagh, Kevin Mcdaid, David Rhodes, Jill Alexander, Damian Harper, Rafael Oliveira, Kieran Berry, Mark Connor, Piotr Zmijewski, Ryland Morgans

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This study aimed to examine the dose-response relationship between training load and aspects of physical fitness in English Premier League (EPL) U23 soccer players. Materials and Methods: Seven male EPL U23 outfield soccer players (age 20.1±1.1 years) participated in this study and performed the Bronco test on five occasions within one season. Individualised running thresholds were employed using maximal aerobic speed (MAS), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) and maximal sprint speed (MSS) values utilising a GPS system. Results: No significant differences in the Bronco performance between the tests (p > 0.05, ES = 0.101) were observed. Distance covered above 30% …

Development Of A Futsal Sports Curriculum Model Aged 6-8 Years At The Super Junior Club In Malang City, Dwi Novenda, Prisca Widiawati

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: The lack of a structured futsal curriculum for children aged 6-8 years in futsal clubs, especially in Super Junior Club Malang, causes limitations in developing techniques, skills, and long-term athlete development. Objective: This is for developing a futsal curriculum model at the Super Junior Club of Malang City, which is presented as a curriculum for learning. Methods: The research and development model used in the study is to develop a curriculum model. Development research This uses the ADDIE method with steps study as follows: 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, and 5) evaluation. This is done using …

The Synergistic Effects Of Circuit Training And Diet On Weight Loss, Body Fat Percentage, And Bmi In Obese Indonesian Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ali Muthahhari Rahim, Ahmad Nasrulloh

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Despite the popularity of circuit training and dietary interventions, their combined effects on obese Southeast Asian populations remain underexplored.  Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of circuit training (using free weights and body weight) and dietary interventions (low-calorie diet and intermittent fasting using the OCD method), as well as their interaction, on weight loss, body fat percentage, and body mass index in obese individuals. Methods: This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. This experimental study used four groups that received different treatments, namely the provision of circuit training with free …

The Effects Of Competitive Plyometric Training On Speed, Strength, And Defensive Skills Of Handball Players, Abbas Abdulhamza Kadhem

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: The importance of this research lies in preparing handball players with enhanced physical and skill capabilities through modern methods such as competitive plyometric training. The study was motivated by observed performance inconsistencies among Iraqi handball teams, particularly a decline in players' physical and technical execution toward the end of matches. This issue is attributed to the use of traditional training programs, which fail to develop the players’ physical fitness and technical performance adequately.  Objective: This study examines the effects of competitive plyometric training on handball players' speed, strength, and defensive skills. Methods: The research was driven by the observation …

The Correlation Between The Amount Of Weight Gain And Physical Activity Levels In Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Dmpa) Users, Zumroh Hasanah, Desiana Merawati, Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin, Dessy Amelia, Alifia Candra Puriastuti, Rizqie Putri Novembriani, Nurya Viandika, Putri Nurika Dewi

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: DMPA is a widely used contraceptive in Indonesia due to its accessibility and effectiveness. However, side effects such as weight gain are a concern, with more than 90% of the 600 users in 2022-2023 experiencing them. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the amount of weight gain and physical activity levels in DMPA users. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling, involving 82 women (aged 19-51 years, average weight 58 kg) selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires covering demographics, medical history, and physical activity level based …

Wearable Technology For Cardiovascular Performance: A Systematic Review Of Smartwatch Applications In Fitness Training, Moch. Yunus, Nanang Tri Wahyudi, Ronal Surya Aditya, Alifia Candra Puriastuti, Daifallah M. Alrazeeni, Gadis Meinar Sari, Farsya Hidayah Septiananda, Lintang Nirmalasari Gemalochaya Manggolono

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Wearable technologies such as smartwatches have revolutionized cardiovascular fitness training through real-time monitoring and personalized exercise interventions. However, the effectiveness of smartwatch apps in improving cardiovascular performance still needs to be systematically evaluated.  Objective: This study aims to assess the contribution of smartwatch apps in improving cardiovascular fitness training using a systematic review based on the PRISMA framework. Methods: The research questions were designed using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) model. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Crossref, focusing on articles published in 2020-2025 that met the inclusion criteria. Result: …

Escape From Diabetes, J E. Jochum, J Carmack, J Toon

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: In the past decade, interprofessional education (IPE) to promote interprofessional collaborative practice has become an integral component of pre-licensure education in the health professions. Research shows that IPE activities involving problem-solving in patient care that requires cooperation and communication among the professions is most effective. An effective activity to meet interprofessional competencies is the use of escape rooms. Escape rooms are team-based games where groups of individuals solve puzzles to accomplish a specific goal, typically in a limited amount of time. There are many benefits to using escape rooms in education, including promoting problem-solving, teamwork, and creativity, improving focus …

Modification Of Ergonomics For A World-Class Brass Instrumentalist With A Congenital Limb Difference: Level 3 Case, O G. Newhouse

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: A drum and bugle corps is a musical marching organization that consists of approximately 160 brass, percussion, and color guard performers. There are currently twenty-one drum corps organizations at the world-class level that compete. Organizations learn their 8–10-minute show in the late spring and begin traveling the country performing and competing in the early summer until August. Rehearsal days can be up to 10 hours of practice including visual and music. It has been reported that the incidence of upper limb pain is higher in those who have longer practice times, in which is a symptom of overuse. These …

The Effects Of A Joint Reduction Trainer On Confidence Levels In Professional Athletic Training Students, T Franklin, S Hacherl

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Dislocations are common injuries managed by athletic trainers, yet athletic training students are unlikely to practice reduction techniques during clinical experiences. Current standards set by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education require accredited programs to prepare students to manage patients with dislocations, including joint reductions. Research indicates the use of simulation techniques, such as joint reduction simulators, in education can fill clinical experience gaps and improve student confidence and skills. Shoulder dislocations make up nearly 50% of dislocations with several reduction techniques identified in the current literature. The use of a joint reduction simulator may provide athletic …

Barriers To The Implementation Of The Amsterdam 2022 Statement In The Secondary School Setting, L Torres, J L. Baldari, F A. Gardin, A M. Price

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: The Amsterdam 2022 International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport provides a summary of contemporary best practice recommendations for healthcare providers who are involved in the care of athletes at risk of sport-related concussion (SRC). Given that athletic trainers (ATs) have a professional responsibility to continually educate themselves on topics of great importance to the population that they care for, such as SRC management, it is reasonable to expect them to evolve their concussion management protocols to better align themselves with the recommendations found this statement. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers associated with the …

Using Ai-Generated Scenarios To Enhance Learning Of The Emergency Assessment Process, D Cobble, L Schroeder, J Vaughn, S Ford

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Rigorous accreditation standards require students to demonstrate competency in various clinical proficiencies through clinical practice or simulation-based educational activities. Therefore, simulation has become an integral component of athletic training education, as scenarios can provide realistic and reproducible experiences for all students. To that end, our study had two primary objectives: investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate accurate and realistic athletic training simulation scenarios and evaluate AI's effectiveness in teaching and reinforcing the emergency assessment process through student-created scenarios. Methods: Phase one, AI developed three different scenarios for patients experiencing (1) an ovarian cyst, (2) a hypoglycemic …

Athletic Trainer Compensation Characteristics, J P. Young, K Ef Mair, L E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Athletic trainers (ATs) are integral to healthcare yet face ongoing challenges that affect job satisfaction and retention. Factors such as long work hours, low pay, and work-family conflict contribute to dissatisfaction and a desire to leave the profession. Salary disparities and lack of administrative support are key factors impacting professional fulfillment and career longevity. Identifying how compensation influences job satisfaction is essential for improving retention and advancing the profession. Our study aimed to examine the compensation characteristics of ATs and determine the key factors that predict gross income. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted. The survey was validated …

Exploring The Vitality Of Athletic Training: Insights Into Professional Identity, Commitment, And Retention, L E. Eberman, M J. Rivera, K E. Games, M J. Drescher, J P. Young, J Clifton-Gaw, K Condrey, H Mccarn, N Mondelli, X Yuan

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: The confluence of fluctuating retention, fewer students entering professional programs, and the profession’s identity crisis (conflict between being a sports profession or a health profession) has created a serious question about the vitality of the athletic profession. However, research on the vitality of the profession has often focused on singular variables influencing professional identity, burnout, and commitment. The purpose of this project was to explore multiple factors influencing the vitality of the profession across professional identity and commitment in athletic training. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, including surveys and interviews with athletic training students and athletic …

Title: Professional Socialization And Development Of Athletic Training Professional Program Directors, N A. Wilkins, K D. Pagnotta, L Kunkel, S David, A B. Thrasher

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: The role of Program Directors (PD) has vastly expanded over the last decade to meet the evolving demands of athletic training education and higher education. While specific responsibilities such as programmatic planning and accreditation maintenance are directly outlined in accreditation standards, PDs often assume additional institutional and programmatic responsibilities that now include recruitment and retention efforts, mentorship of faculty and students, curriculum design and mapping, and other administrative tasks. Previous research demonstrates athletic training faculty have little formalized training in administrative roles, and Coordinators of Clinical Education (CCEs) desired more support and development for that role. Little research exists …

Preceptor Development: Identifying The Best Modality For Building Clinical Educators, G W. Cohen, R M. Lopez, A J. Tritsch

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Preceptor training and development are not standardized within the athletic training profession. The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) requires that Athletic Training Programs provide an ongoing education plan for preceptors to promote a constructive learning environment for students. However, with the rapid expansion of clinical education opportunities outside of institutions' immediate area, programs must identify how to reach all their preceptors and uphold their programmatic expectations for clinical educators. Methods: The investigators conducted a cohort pre-test-post-test design study. A preceptor development program (PDP) was created and grounded in the theory of gamified learning and adult learning …

Adolescent Femoral Neck Fractures: A Case Study On Initial Surgical Intervention, Avascular Necrosis Development, And Subsequent Total Hip Arthroplasty, K A. Fisher

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: The patient sustained a femoral neck fracture at the age of 13 after slipping and falling in his home. He was seen in the Emergency Department the same day and underwent a closed reduction and percutaneous pinning procedure the following morning. Ten weeks after returning to full weightbearing, and 13.5 weeks after his initial fracture, he developed stress fractures of the medial distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphyses. He experienced gradual worsening of hip pain and difficulty with ambulation between 11 to 13 months post-closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP). Avascular necrosis and collapse of the femoral head was …

Clinat: In Service To Athletic Training Scholarship, Lindsey Eberman, Matthew J. Rivera

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

To be of service to others means to help others without expecting anything in return. The ClinAT, or Clinical Practice in Athletic Training journal, is an online, open-access outlet for the dissemination of practice-based research in health care, and a donation of time, effort, and energy to the profession of athletic training. In 2018, when Indiana State University created its first issue of ClinAT, we were a faculty of 3 with 5 PhD students supporting the journal, one of whom was wholly dedicated to the effort. As the higher education landscape has changed, and the roles and responsibilities of our …

Prevalence, Perceptions, And Attitudes Of Accommodation For Students With Disabilities In Athletic Training Education Programs, T J. Babcock, L E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Disability accommodation has been widely researched in healthcare education programs, including medical doctor (MD), doctor of osteopathy (DO), and physical therapy (PT). However, little research has been conducted on classroom and clinical education accommodation in athletic training education. The purpose of this study was to explore these settings and gain an understanding of student experiences with accommodation in athletic training education programs. This project was deemed exempt by Indiana State University’s Institutional Review Board. Methods: A cross-sectional 24-question survey was developed and adapted from prior qualitative research on accommodation in physical therapy education. Emails containing a link to the …

Enhancing Clinic Efficiency: A Quality Improvement Initiative For Postoperative Patient Care In An Outpatient Orthopedic Physician Practice Setting, D Stepan, T Jp Greffly, R M. Williams

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Following orthopedic surgery, patient post-operative (post-op) visits are deemed global surgical observations where day 00 to day 90 are appointments that cannot be billed. Patients are typically seen 3 times during this global period. Thus, the outpatient clinic needs to have non-billable time slots each day for these patients. The current scheduling model double books patients every 15 minutes, with the physician being the primary provider seeing patients for post-op visits. Therefore, the clinic has demonstrated inefficiencies with scheduling these patients while having sufficient appointments available for billable patients. This quality improvement initiative aimed to decrease post-op patient visits …

Characteristics Of Athletic Trainers That Are Satisfied And Dissatisfied With Their Compensation, K Ef Mair, J P. Young, L E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Job satisfaction among athletic trainers (ATs), particularly in relation to compensation, is a critical factor influencing retention and career fulfillment. Examining the factors linked to earnings satisfaction may offer insight into how workplace conditions can be improved to better support ATs. The purpose of our study was to investigate the attributes that distinguish ATs content with their compensation from those who are dissatisfied. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, web-based survey to gather AT compensation data, of which 1,887 participants responded to a question regarding their satisfaction with compensation. Respondents were divided into two groups based on their satisfaction with …

The Financial Stresses That Affect Athletic Training Students: A Qualitative Investigation, C Kuehner-Boyer, E León Zaragoza

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: A recent survey examining barriers that affect athletic training students found that financial-related barriers created significant stress for students in professional athletic training programs. The need to work while attending a professional athletic training program was the highest reported barrier with 54.82% of respondents indicating that this was a barrier for them during their program. Beyond the overall reporting rate, the need to work while completing a professional athletic training program was indicated by athletic training students to be the barrier that they encountered the most frequently with respondents reporting that this was a stress for them between monthly …

Musculoskeletal Tumors Disguised As Orthopedic Injuries: A Case Report, A Summers

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Musculoskeletal tumors are relatively rare, accounting for only 0.2 to 0.5% of all malignancies across all age groups. More specifically, Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis, a type of musculoskeletal tumor, has an incidence rate of 1.8 cases per one million people in a population. This benign, proliferative disease is a type of tenosynovial giant cell tumor that can affect the soft tissue lining of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. These joint-related tumors often present with an insidious onset and non-specific physical exam findings. Therefore, they are often mistaken for other, more common orthopedic injuries, making them difficult to diagnose. Patient Information: …

Strength Assessment Protocol In Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers, Simona Di Nardo, Ivan Mascio

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Purpose: This research project aimed to investigate the effects, particularly regarding the ability to generate force, that could emerge following a ballet class. The purpose of the study was to support the thesis that low levels of fitness and performance in professional and amateur dancers, should be considered a significant gap that needs to be addressed. Larger will be the gap and bigger will be the demand of a dancer to be prepared athletically. While the shorter the gap and more efficient the artistic side of the dance performance will be. As a result, a stronger and healthier body will …

Using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis To Determine The Effects Of Footwear On Postural Dynamics In Children, Samantha Martinez, Crystal S. Trevino, Bryon C. Applequist

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Footwear, particularly stiff-soled shoes, can impact postural control in young children during a critical period of motor development. While proprioception plays a key role in maintaining balance, shoes may restrict natural movement, potentially affecting overall posture and proprioceptive abilities. This study examines how stiff-soled footwear influences postural control during quiet standing in children. PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the influence of stiff-soled footwear on postural control in young children by analyzing balance and stability during quiet standing. Specifically, we assessed whether wearing footwear with various degrees of stiffness influenced the temporal correlations of center of pressure (COP). …

Treadmill Training Program For A Non-Ambulatory Individual With Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy, Krysta V. Rivero Romero, Vanessa Mikan Phd, Edward Merritt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: 26-year-old Caucasian male. Primary medical history includes spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, otherwise negative health history. Presented to human performance laboratory for case study of pre- and post-exercise training cardiorespiratory fitness testing. PHYSICAL EXAM: Patient examination indicated bilateral upper and lower limb contractures, and bilateral upper and lower limb spasticity. Hyperlordosis was also noted. Patient had a limited range of motion across hip, knee, and ankle, and was unable to walk without support on a motorized treadmill. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES: General: Alert and oriented. Neural: spastic upper and lower extremities. Musculoskeletal: upper and lower extremity contractures. TESTS & RESULTS …