Sports Sciences Commons^™

Muscular Strength Predicts Phase Angle In Breast Cancer Survivors, Trevor Short, Cheri Teranishi-Hashimoto, Paulette Yamada

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 4, 2023. Phase angle (PhA) has emerged as a prognostic indicator of survival and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Identifying measures of physical fitness that correlate with PhA can provide guidance toward optimizing cancer rehabilitation programs and future research. The purpose was to examine the relationship between PhA and physical fitness in breast cancer survivors. Sixty-three breast cancer survivors (60 ± 9 years, PhA 4.59±0.52, mean±SD) completed assessments for muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition. PhA and body composition were measured using bioimpedance …

Emotionally Concussed: The Impact Of Pre-Existing Anxiety On Concussion Recovery, Grace Szucs

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Recent advances in concussion research have shed light on numerous mental and physiological factors that may complicate concussion recovery. Systematic reviews of the existing literature have found that premorbid mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety may be a predictor of complicated concussion recovery, but studies have not had an appropriate design to isolate anxiety or depression as a predictor of lengthened recovery. This study investigated if athletes with a history of premorbid anxiety and/or depression would have a longer time of recovery than athletes without this history. Male and female athletes from a Division-1 athletic department treated for …

Force–Velocity Profiles In Crossfit Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study Considering Sex, Age, And Training Frequency, Juan Antonio Párraga-Montilla, José Carlos Cabrera Linares, Pedro Jiménez Reyes, Manuel Moyano López, Victor Serrano Huete, José Alfonso Morcillo Losa, Pedro Ángel Latorre Román

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The force–velocity profile has been analysed previously in different sports modalities; nevertheless, it has not been analysed in CrossFit. Objective: The aim of this study was to report neuromuscular characteristics of CrossFit athletes using their individual force-velocity profile, investigating differences according to sex, age, and training frequency. Materials and Methods: 72 males (33.17 ± 6.86 years; BMI: 25.93 ± 3.64 kg/m²) and 18 females (30.11 ± 6.92 years; BMI: 23.53 ± 3.98 kg/m²) participated in this study. The force-velocity profile was calculated using Samozino’s method. Furthermore, neuromuscular characterization was completed with a squat jump and …

Characteristics Of The Efficiency Of Actions Of Top-Level Goalkeepers In Soccer, Andrzej Szwarc, Michał Chamera, Henryk Duda, Daniel Memmert, Lukasz Radziminski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of the actions efficiency in elite goalkeepers. 54 observations of 25 goalkeepers participating in 27 matches of the World and the European Championships and the Africa Cup of Nations and Copa America held in the years 2014–2019 were included. The study applied a method of observation. Game data were registered on a self-developed observation sheet. Goalkeepers’ activity, effectiveness, and reliability with a view to implementing the objectives of the game were analyzed in offensive and in defense. It was found that in the elite goalkeepers’ game, offensive actions constitute 62% …

Analysis Of The Adductors And Abductors' Maximum Isometric Strength On The Level Of Speed And Agility In Basketball Players, Paulina Królikowska, Piotr Rodak, Monika Papla, Wojciech Grzyb, Artur Gołaś

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: his study investigated the relationship between hip abductor strength (Abd), adductor strength (Add), straight accelerations and decelerations, and during changes of direction (COD 90°) performance in basketball players.

Material and Methods: Fourteen basketball players participated (age = 23.6 ± 4.4 years, body mass = 86.3 ± 5.9 kg, body height = 192.3 ± 6.2 cm, training experience = 6.7 ± 2.6 years). Straight running results and running with a change of direction (COD 90°) have been described as the time (s) obtained for a given length. Following tests were carried out: maximum isometric strength test, 20-m linear sprint and …

The Pursuit Of Peak Athletic Performance, Trevor Short

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 3, 2023. Achieving peak performance in sports is a multifactorial phenomenon that spans several scientific disciplines. The optimization of human performance requires a comprehensive and systematic assessment that identifies potential performance-inhibiting factors. The result of such analysis allows for more individualized and accurate evaluation, athlete monitoring, and training interventions. Thus, there is a need for a multidisciplinary model of peak performance to guide practitioners when conducting a comprehensive analysis. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a brief but practical vade mecum for practitioners to consider in the …

“I Lied A Little Bit.” A Qualitative Study Exploring The Perspectives Of Elite Australian Athletes On Self-Reported Data, Molly Coventry, Amanda Timler, Andrea B. Mosler, Kylie Russell, Mervyn Travers, Lauren Mitchell Oam, Myles C. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Explore the perceptions and experiences of elite Australian athletes’ engagement with reporting data in surveillance systems. Design: Qualitative Descriptive. Setting: Semi-structured interviews conducted using Zoom. Participants: We recruited 13 elite Australian athletes competing at a national or international level for semi-structured interviews. Main outcome measures: Audio recordings were transcribed using DeScript, checked for errors and imported into QSR NVIVO. Thematic analysis using QSR NVIVO was used to determine key themes from transcripts. Results: Thematic analysis uncovered four key themes: ‘the paradox of reporting’, ‘data for data's sake’, ‘eyes on reporting’ and ‘athlete friendly reporting’. Conclusion: Athletes perceived reporting as …

Running Marathons In High School: A 5-Year Review Of Injury In A Structured Training Program, Mary A. Kennedy, Lauren V. Fortington, Matt Penney, Nicolas H. Hart, Pierre A. D’Hemecourt, Dai Sugimoto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: The aim in this study was to quantify the number, nature, and severity of injuries sustained by male and female high school students who took part in a running training program that culminated in the completion of a half or full marathon. Design: This study is a retrospective clinical audit. Methods: Injury reports from high school students (grades 9 – 12) who participated in a half or full marathon 30-week progressive training program comprising four training days per week (three running days and one cross-training day) were reviewed. The number of runners completing a marathon, together with the number, …

Effect Of Additional Nordic Hamstring Exercise Or Sprint Training On The Modifiable Risk Factors Of Hamstring Strain Injuries And Performance, Nicholas J. Ripley, Matthew Cuthbert, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has commonly been investigated in isolation, however, within practice multiple modalities are commonly incorporated. However, the NHE has a low level of compliance within sport, with sprinting being potentially being preferred. The present study aimed to observe the effect of a lower-limb program with either additional NHE or sprinting on the modifiable risk factors hamstring strain injury (HSI) and athletic performance. 38 collegiate athletes were randomly assigned into three groups: control standardised lower-limb training program (n = 10 (2 female, 8 male), age = 23.50 ± 2.95 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.09 m, mass …

The Real-Time Classification Of Competency Swimming Activity Through Machine Learning, Larry Powell, Seth Polsley, Drew Casey, Tracy Hammond

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Every year, an average of 3,536 people die from drowning in America. The significant factors that cause unintentional drowning are people’s lack of water safety awareness and swimming proficiency. Current industry and research trends regarding swimming activity recognition and commercial motion sensors focus more on lap swimming utilized by expert swimmers and do not account for freeform activities. Enhancing swimming education through wearable technology can aid people in learning efficient and effective swimming techniques and water safety. We developed a novel wearable system capable of storing and processing sensor data to categorize competitive and survival swimming activities on a mobile …

Psychological Skills Of Malang State University Athletes Who Participate In Pomprov 2022, Andito Andito, Panuwun Joko Nurahyo, Kusnandar Kusnandar, Didik Rilastiyo Budi, Arfin Deri Listiandi, Neva Widanita, Ayu Rizky Febriani, Heryanto Heryanto

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

The problem delivered in this study is that some fighters are easily caught when performing side kicks, need help attacking rivals with a higher posture, and need to reach the optimal point when performing splits. This study aims to determine the correlation between leg length and flexibility with the speed of side kicks in martial arts. This quantitative research defines the correlation between the independent and dependent variables. This research uses sampling of 30 fighters by utilizing purposive sampling. The research instrument for limb length uses a rolling meter and flexibility using a side split test, while a statistical test …

Psychological Skills Of Malang State University Athletes Who Participate In Pomprov 2022, Moch. Ghossam Azim, Kurniati Rahayuni, Prisca Widiawati

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Achievement sports are a form of activity that requires a psychological aspect. The psychological aspect of athletes at the State University of Malang is the key to victory in winning the overall champion of POMPROV 2022. ACSI-28 (Athletic coping stress Inventory-28) is a psychological benchmark in sports achievement, namely (1) coping with advertising; (2) peaking under pressure; (3) goal setting/mental preparation (4) concentration; (5) free from worry; (6) confidence and achievement motivation;" and (7) coachability. This research was conducted to find out the psychological skills of State University of Malang athletes who took part in POMPROV 2022 using ACSI-28. Athletes …

Survey Of Mastery Of Basic Skills Of Playing Futsal In 15-17 Year Old Futsal Athletes, Mustofa Aji Prasetyo, Supriatna Supriatna, Taufik Taufik

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

This study aims to determine the level of physical condition of Vasco Futsal Academy players in Lamongan Regency. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were Vasco Futsal Academy players, totaling 20 people. The data collection process was taken using one FIK Jogja battery tes instrumen which included passing, dribbling, and shooting. Overall, the results of the Vasco Futsal Academy's basic futsal tes results showed 10% “very good”, 15% “good”, 40% “moderate” and 30% “poor”, and 5% “very poor”. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the level of mastery of the …

Survey Of Physical Conditions Of Prospective Athletes "Perisai Diri" Malang District Branch, Wahyu Nadia Nur Khasanah, Eko Hariyanto

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Physical conditions greatly affect the ability and skills of an athlete to master movement in a sport, especially Pencak Silat. The purpose of this research is to find out how the physical condition of the athletes at the level of prospective families of the Perisai Diri branch of Malang Regency is. This study used a descriptive quantitative research design and used survey research methods. The results of the survey research on the physical condition of Cakel (Prospective family level) of the Malang Regency branch of Perisai Diri showed that the average physical condition of the red belt level athletes or …

Validity And Reliability Of Tgmd-2 Surakarta Children Aged 7-10 Years, Ismaryati Ismaryati, Bambang Wijanarko, Islahuzzaman Nuryadin, Rumi Iqbal Doewes, Muhammad Muhyi

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Motor assessment tests are widely used in many countries, including the Gross Motor Development Test 2 (TGMD-2). TGMD-2 is the most frequently used test to measure children's gross motor development in many countries. The purpose of this research is to be investigated whether TGMD-2 is suitable for measuring gross motor development in Surakarta boys aged 7-10 years. The participants involved in this study were 355 boys aged between 7-10 years, who attended state elementary school. Construct validity was calculated by Exploratory Factor Analysis, and reliability by Cronbach's Alpha. The result of the calculation is average Keyser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value is 0.837. …

Analysis Of Lower Limb During Squat Activity Using Surface Electromyography, Ardhi Mardiyanto Indra Purnomo, Lu Jian Qiang, Catur Supriyanto

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

The purpose of this research is to discuss and analyze the extent of the influence of using the bosu ball for squat activities on the lower limb. This research will use a quantitative and descriptive research approach. Surface electromyography will be used to measure different squat positions between 900 and 1400. The measurement compares the squat position without a bosu ball with the squat position using a bosu ball. The results of the surface electromyography recording on muscle activity at 900 on the four muscles indicate that the Rectus Femoris (RF) muscle experienced an increase in the percentage of 18.33%, …

Abrunning: Beginner’S Guide To Running-Based Training Programs, Alexander Boerner

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

This thesis is used to introduce any level of runner to training program creation and give resources to allow the individual to create their own. This was done through a website that has information on warm up, cool down, strength and conditioning, running programs, nutrition, hydration, and running aids. The website gives readers insight on each of the topics while giving them resources on how to implement the information within their programs. The written portion of this thesis is used to detail the creation of said website and the thought process that went into each of its components from structure …

Difference Of Elbow Extension Velocity During Flat And Mound Throwing, Omar Arizpe, Joshua Perez, Bryon C. Applequist

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In baseball, players encounter varying forms of throwing that is dependent upon position. Pitchers often throw on a mound, while position players are seen throwing from a flat ground. The throwing motion of a baseball consists of six phases: wind-up, stride, late cocking, acceleration, deceleration, and follow through. Each of these different phases consists of velocities being produced from the lower body through the elbow, which contributes to a potential cause of throwing arm injuries. Given the prominence of elbow injuries to pitchers, investigation into the solution to reducing arm injuries has continued to gain traction. PURPOSE: The purpose …

Anaerobic Performance In Female Collegiate Wrestlers During Ovulation Versus The Mid-Luteal Phase Of The Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study, Nicole Varone, Cayla Clark, Colby Morse, Joseph Mallillin, Alyssa Flores, Andreas Kreutzer, Brandon R. Rigby, Kyle Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anaerobic performance may vary during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The greatest differences occur between the late-follicular phase (i.e., ovulation) and the mid-luteal phase. Optimal anaerobic performance may be observed during the mid-luteal phase. PURPOSE: To explore differences in upper and lower body anaerobic performance during ovulation versus the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in collegiate female wrestlers. METHODS: Six female collegiate wrestlers (age = 18.6 ± 0.2 yrs; height = 165.0 ± 0.5 cm; body mass = 79.7 ± 9.6 kg; lean body mass = 45.6 ± 2.8 kg; % body fat = 31.4 ± 6.6%) performed …

Pressurized Device For Mitigating Atrophy In Soleus During Long-Duration Spaceflight, Ramona Tovar Briones, Kimhab Sor, Breandrea Diaz, Dona Varghese, Benjamin Easter, Hunter Alvis, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A major concern with long duration spaceflight, skeletal muscle atrophy is most detrimental in lower limb musculature, particularly in muscles critical for proper gait, such as the soleus. The decline of muscle activation and the suppression of sensory input from plantar sole mechanoreceptors can add to the attenuation of skeletal muscle health during spaceflight. More specifically, inhibition of sensory input from sole receptors, such as with gravitational unloading, decreases selective activation, thereby negatively affecting muscle tone and inevitably resulting in lower limb atrophy. PURPOSE: To design, fabricate, and test a specialized boot with an insole that applies oscillating pneumatic …

The Effects Of Equine-Assisted Therapy On Gait In Adults With Parkinson’S Disease: A Preliminary Analysis, Hunter Alvis, Kanji Mori, Nicholas A. Levine, Andrea Martinez, Suzanne Sessums, Kevin Becker, Heather Roberts, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurological disorder caused by the destruction of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. To treat motor symptoms of PD, individuals may choose alternative modes of exercise, such as equine-assisted therapy (EAT), to improve physiological health. PURPOSE: To determine changes in gait following 8 weeks of Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) in older men with PD. METHODS: Six older adults (age = 68.0 ± 8.6 yrs; height = 178.6 ± 8.3 cm; weight = 93.4 ± 16.3 kg; Hoehn and Yahr classification = 2.8 ± 0.4; time since diagnosis = …

Calf Strain, Jennifer Cabrera

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: Patients can experience a calf strain due to overstretching, exposure to increased volumes of running load, accelerations, decelerations, and during extreme fatigue. The strain exhibits a feeling of a sharp pain or tearing sensation at the back of the lower leg. The pain can last a few days or up to weeks depending on the severity of the strain. Palpation, stretching and strength testing are used for physical examination to identify swelling and tenderness. ANATOMY & PATHOLOGY: The calf refers to the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. These three muscles together form the Achilles …

Hamstring Strain, Michaela Ferrero

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: During the physical examination, the patient can recall the moment that the injury occurred. The patient will typically complain of a sudden or severe pain in the posterior thigh during exercise. Runners often notice a popping or tearing sensation at the time of the strain. Posterior thigh pain and tenderness will develop immediately after the incident. Depending on the severity of the strain the athlete may start showing signs of discoloration of the skin and swelling distal to the glutes. A simple palpation test of the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and bicep femoris muscles is used in …

The Effect Of Mobility And Strength Training On Firefighter Cadet Functional Mobility, Raquel J. Cavazos, B. Greg Meek, Hussien K. Jabai, Michael D. Oldham

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Strength and Conditioning programs have positive effects on athletic performance (Hedrick, 2002). Similarly, firefighters have to be adequately fit to perform their job duties which require muscular strength and endurance, and aerobic fitness (Smith, 2011). Thus, firefighter’s health and fitness, including mobility, is crucial in their job performance. PURPOSE: We examined the effects of a strength, conditioning, and mobility program on functional mobility in firefighter cadets. METHODS: 43 firefighter cadets who were enrolled in a 12-week basic firefighter academy course participated. Cadets were separated into one of three cohorts; 1) No program; 2) Unmonitored Program; and 3) Indirectly Monitored …

Food Sensitives In Athletes: Whey More Common Than You May Expect?, Eve M. Clarkson Miss, Brittanie L. Lockard, Ben Garza, Julianne Damico, Terah Ege

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Food sensitives, which differ from food allergies, are caused by digestive problems to foods that may lead to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, constipation, fatigue, headache, joint pain, and sleep disturbances, among other issues. It is estimated that food sensitivities affect 15-20% of the US population. These are IgG antibody-mediated responses that may develop from a variety of causes such as enzymatic defects in the digestive system. Research suggests that IgG-based tests produce clinically meaningful results that aid in the development of a targeted elimination diet. In a non-athletic sample with food sensitivities, our lab previously reported that 70% of …

Ectopic Bone In The Lungs And Spleen Of Male Fisher-344 Rats, Amanda Salas Sanchez, Teresa Le, Danyah Nashawi, Hannah Mitchell, Tara Dawn Kortlever, Rhonda Prisby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous experimental data demonstrated ossified particles (OSP, i.e., bone-like particles) in the circulation of rodents as well as human subjects. Their ability to circulate could ultimately permit access to vital tissues, potentially leading to ectopic bone formation. Although the fate of OSP is yet unclear, their entry into soft tissues and organs may initiate pathological processes. PURPOSE: We sought to determine the presence of bone in the soft organs. METHODS: Young (6-mon; n=10) and old (24-mon; n=10) male Fisher-344 rats were anesthetized (3% isoflurane to oxygen balance) and euthanized by removal of the heart. Body mass (g) was …

Can We Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure In Humans?, Matthew M. Howrey, Tiffany L. Brazile, Bryce N. Balmain, Andrew R. Tomlinson, James P. Macnamara, Tony G. Babb, Benjamin D. Levine, Satyam Sarma, Christopher M. Hearon Jr, Denis J. Wakeham

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is either measured with an oscillometric cuff and then systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures are estimated from an unknown algorithm; or SBP and DBP are measured via auscultation and MAP calculated using measures of systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), and a form-factor (FF; equation: [(SBP-DBP)*FF]+DBP). The typical FF used is 0.33 though others (0.4) have been proposed. Recent work indicates that estimation of aortic MAP via a FF leads to inaccurate values and should therefore be interpreted with caution, whether this is the case for local MAP is unknown. While the implications for …

Relationship Between Regional Pectoralis Major Muscle Size And Peak Power During Incline Bench Press Strength Testing: A Pilot Study, Dawei Guan, Daniel Newmire, Ronald Snarr, Bryon C. Applequist

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The peak power generated by skeletal muscle during strength training is influenced by several factors, including body weight, maximal force, and muscle fiber orientation, as well as the function affecting excitation patterns. However, there is limited research on the relationship between regional muscle size and peak power output. PURPOSE: This pilot study seeks to explore the associations between muscle thickness (MT) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the pectoralis major and peak power output during an incline bench (IB) press one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength bout. METHODS: Seven participants (males = 3; females = 4; age: 24.3±2.7 years; height: 168.2±3.3 …

Ectopic Bone In The Kidneys And Visceral Fat Of Male Fischer-344 Rats, Teresa N. Le, Amanda Salas Sanchez, Danyah Nashawi, Hannah Mitchell, Tara Kortlever, Rhonda Prisby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ossified particles (OSP) are microscopic, bone-like fragments found in the circulatory system of rodents and humans. Although theorized to develop in the bone marrow, their origin and impact on physiological processes are unknown. Further, the fate of OSP has not been determined and may exit the circulatory system and enter organs and tissues. PURPOSE: We sought to detect the presence of ectopic bone in the kidneys and visceral fat of rodents. METHODS: Young (6-mon; n=10) and old (24-mon; n=10) male Fischer-344 rats were anesthetized with isoflurane (3% to oxygen balance) and euthanized by excising the heart. The right and …

Pityriasis Rosea In A Female Runner, Melissa D. Long

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient was a 40-year-old, physically active, mother and teacher. She had no previous history of autoimmune disease, Shingles, or other skin disorder. She reported having Herpes Zoster (Chicken Pox) at about six years old. In this case, she reported having a bug bite superior to the right iliac crest. After two days of itching the bite appeared normal and the pruritis stopped. After 10 days, the patient reported that the bite was not resolving but was not causing any symptoms. The athlete reported that the area had become scaly. PHYSICAL EXAM: Physical exam revealed a …