Sports Sciences Commons^™

Differential Effects Of Aging And Physical Activity On Corticospinal Excitability Of Upper And Lower Limb Muscles, Vianney Rozand, Jonathon William Senefeld, Christopher W. Sundberg, Ashleigh E. Smith, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Corticospinal tract excitability can be altered by age, physical activity (PA), and possibly sex, but whether these effects differ between upper and lower limb muscles is unknown. We determined the influence of age, PA, and sex on corticospinal excitability of an upper limb and a lower limb muscle during submaximal contractions by comparing stimulus-response curves of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to evoke stimulus-response curves in active muscles by incrementally increasing the stimulator intensity from below the active motor threshold (AMT) until a plateau in MEP amplitudes was achieved. Stimulus-response curves were analyzed from the …

Reducing Aerodynamic Drag By Adopting A Novel Road-Cycling Sprint Position, Paul F. J. Merkes, Paolo Menaspa, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose:

To assess the influence of seated, standing, and forward-standing cycling sprint positions on aerodynamic drag (CdA) and the reproducibility of a field test of CdA calculated in these different positions.

Methods:

A total of 11 recreational male road cyclists rode 250 m in 2 directions at around 25, 32, and 40 km·h.

Results:

A main effect of position showed that the average CdA of the 2 d was lower for the forward-standing position (0.295 [0.059]) compared with both the seated (0.363 [0.071], P = .018) and standing positions (0.372 [0.077], P = .037). Seated and standing positions did …

Kinetics And Kinematics Of The Squat And Step-Up In Well-Trained Rugby Players, Brendyn B. Appleby, Robert U. Newton, Stuart J. Cormack

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the kinetics and kinematics of squat and step-up performance in well-trained athletes. Triaxial ground reaction force (GRF) and 3D kinematic data were collected in 4 maximal effort repetitions each at 70, 80, and 90% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of squat and step-up. The difference in concentric phase kinetics and kinematics between the squat and step-up was compared using effect sizes (ES ± 90% confidence limits [CLs]) classified as: less than 0.2 as trivial; 0.2-0.6 as small; 0.6-1.2 as moderate; and 1.2-2.0 as large. Where the 90% CL crossed negative …

Dance As A Protective Measure Against The Cognitive And Physical Declines Associated With Aging: A Proposed Study, Sarah M. Schwanz, Jeffrey Holmes, Jessica Grahn

Western Research Forum

Background:

Dance is considered a multimodal activity in that it requires both physical and cognitive engagement. Combining physical activity with music may have a synergistic effect, enabling dance to enhance physical and cognitive functions more than music and physical activity alone. The positive changes attributed to dance training such as improved visuospatial and motor ability, high coordination, greater balance, and increased cognitive ability may also benefit individuals as they age.

Methods:

This proposed study will examine whether dance training has the potential to protect against age-related cognitive and physical decline by assessing the cognitive and physical domains that show decline …

Where On Ice? Algorithmically Deconstructing Nhl Shot Locations As A Method For Player Classification, Devan Becker, Douglas G. Woolford, Charmaine B. Dean

Western Research Forum

Where do hockey players shoot from? How does this vary from player to player? We present the results of a study that uses data-driven statistical methods to investigate these questions. The locations of shots by National Hockey League (NHL) players from 2011 to 2017 are analyzed using a combination of an image recognition algorithm and spatial statistical methodology. An unsupervised classifier is applied to output from a spatial point process model in order to determine which shot locations best characterize a given player. We define the number of regions a priori, but the image recognition algorithm chooses the shape …

Shortness Of Breath In A Swimming Athlete, A. Spinelli, A. Getzin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Unusual Headaches After A Concussion In A Basketball Player, H. Saleemi, A. Getzin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Foot And Ankle Injury - Soccer, R. Reese, M. Lavallee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Interesting Case Of Abdominal Pain And Knee Pain In A Soccer Player, E. Reed, R. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Ankle Pain - Dancer, S. Potteiger, J. Tunis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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More Than Just A Hand Injury In A World Champion, J. Medellin, R. Rompola, M. Lavallee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Shoulder Injury In A Female Soccer Goalie, U. Hanspal, J. Tom, T. Trojian

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Catching A Déjà Vu? A Repeat Finger Injury In A High School Football Player, E. Daniels, J. Loeffert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Leg Injury - World Champion Super-Heavyweight Weightlifter, D. Cole, R. Rompola, M. Lavallee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Left Calf Pain - Runner, T. Chu, T. Trojian

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Recurrent Knee Effusions In Gymnast, S. Carey, S. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Hand Injury In A Motorcycle Rider, C. Basadre Quiroz, B. Sandella

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Abnormal Uterine Bleeding - Rugby, E. Albright, P. Seidenberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Alterations In Cortical Activation Among Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability During Single-Limb Postural Control, Adam B. Rosen, Jennifer M. Yentes, Melanie L. Mcgrath, Arthur C. Maerlender, Sara A. Myers, Mukul Mukherjee

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Context: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by repetitive ankle sprains and perceived instability. Whereas the underlying cause of CAI is disputed, alterations in cortical motor functioning may contribute to the perceived dysfunction.

Objective: To assess differences in cortical activity during single-limb stance among control, coper, and CAI groups.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: A total of 31 individuals (10 men, 21 women; age = 22.3 ± 2.4 years, height = 169.6 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.6 ± 11.6 kg), who were classified into control (n = 13), coper (n = 7), and CAI …

A Nutrition Guide For Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo Student Athletes, Dominic Frasch

Agricultural Education and Communication

The purpose of this project was to develop a nutritional guide for student athletes at California Polytechnic State University that will increase their awareness of proper nutrition before, during, and after exercise so they can maximize their athletic performance.

Bone Mineral Density Among Men And Women Aged 35 To 50 Years, Martha A. Bass, Ankita Sharma, Vinayak K. Nahar, Stacy Chelf, Brittany Zeller, Linda Pham, M. Allison Ford

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 American Osteopathic Association. Context: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and has been thought to only be a major health concern for postmenopausal women. However, osteoporosis and its risk factors have been greatly understudied in the middle-aged and male populations. Objective: To assess the likelihood of low BMD and its association with related risk factors in early–middle-aged (defined in this study as 35-50 years) men and women.Methods: Eligible men and women completed a questionnaire assessing calcium intake, hours per week of exercise, and other related risk factors associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia. The primary outcome …

The Association Of Handgrip Strength And Mortality: What Does It Tell Us And What Can We Do With It?, Samuel L. Buckner, Scott J. Dankel, Zachary W. Bell, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty and Student Publications

© Copyright 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2019. The relationship between grip strength and mortality is often used to underscore the importance of resistance exercise in physical activity guidelines. However, grip strength does not appear to appreciably change following traditional resistance training. Thus, grip strength could be considered reflective of strength independent of resistance exercise. If true, grip strength is not necessarily informing us of the importance of resistance exercise as an adult, but potentially highlighting inherent differences between individuals who are stronger at "baseline" compared to their weaker counterpart. The purpose of this article is to discuss: (1) …

Performance Of The Promis In Patients Undergoing 3 Common Elbow Procedures, Edward O. Rojas, Natalie Glass, Jessell Owens, Chris A. Anthony, Matthew Bollier, Brian R. Wolf, Carolyn Hettrich

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, distal biceps tendon repair, and elbow arthroscopic surgery are common elbow procedures performed in active patients.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized (1) good to excellent correlation between Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments and traditional orthopaedic upper extremity patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures; (2) that PROMIS instruments would demonstrate ceiling effects; and (3) that the PROMIS physical function computer adaptive test (PF CAT) would demonstrate a low question burden compared with other PRO instruments.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods: A total of 76 patients undergoing UCL repair/reconstruction, distal biceps tendon repair, …

The Consequences Of Cold Water Immersion: Impacts And Treatment, Patrick J. Buck Ph.D., Commander William Roberts, Commander Ken Minehane

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This paper documents a demonstration project conducted by the authors under the auspices of the Irish Naval service. It explores and describes in detail the consequences that cold water immersion can have on the human body. Further, this study investigates post immersion treatment and survival challenges and proposes appropriate casualty care regimes with specific focus on ‘post rescue collapse’ and ‘afterdrop.’ Observations of individual differences in response are reported.

Technical Freediving: An Emerging Breath-Hold Diving Technique, Derek Covington, Robert H. Lee, Steven Toffel, Alberto Bursian, Kirk Krack, Chris Giordano

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Technical freediving can be defined as freediving augmented by the use of oxygen-enriched gases or oxygen before, during, or after a freedive. As a result of these techniques, breath-hold divers can visit and enjoy underwater wrecks, reefs, and other diving locations previously located at depths unreachable to apnea divers. By pre-breathing oxygen-enriched gases in conjunction with hyperventilation—which decreases the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)—the technical freediver now has additional oxygen to facilitate aerobic respiration during the dive. In addition, pre-breathing oxygen decreases tissue nitrogen tensions, which limits inert gas loading and decreases the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). Finally, …

Phase- Specific Changes In Rate Of Force Development And Muscle Morphology Throughout A Block Periodized Training Cycle In Weightlifters, Dylan G. Suarez, Satoshi Mizuguchi, William Guy Hornsby, Aaron J. Cunanan, Donald J. Marsh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was used. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and ultrasonography (US) results were compared to examine the effects of three specific phases of a training cycle leading up to a competition. During the high volume strength-endurance phase (SE) small depressions in rate of force development (RFD) but statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and body mass (BM) were observed. The lower volume …

The Current State Of Weight-Cutting In Combat Sports, Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In combat sports, athletes are divided into categories based on gender and body mass. Athletes attempt to compete against a lighter opponent by losing body mass prior to being weighed (i.e., 'weight-cutting'). The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the current body of literature on weight-cutting and outline gaps for further research. Methods of weight-loss include energy intake restriction, total body fluid reduction and pseudo extreme/abusive medical practice (e.g., diuretics). The influence of weight-cutting on performance is unclear, with studies suggesting a negative or no effect. However, larger weight-cuts (~5% of body mass inh) do impair repeat-effort performance. …

Exploring The Decisions Involved In Evidence-Based Practice Adoption By Athletic Trainers, Brittany Vorndran Allard

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background: The governing bodies of athletic training have been putting an emphasis on evidence-based practice (EBP) through college curriculum changes and continuing education requirements. Research has shown these interventions are increasing knowledge, but there is still a knowledge to practice gap.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the decisions involved in EBP adoption by practicing athletic trainers (ATs).

Methods: This study utilized a general qualitative approach that was exploratory in nature. Fifteen participants participated in the study, and all were practicing certified athletic trainers who stated they were using EBP when making treatment decisions.

Data Collection …

Orthorexia Nervosa Among Collegiate Female Student-Athletes, Maryse Bard-Martel

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a specific style of disordered eating defined as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food, or going to extremes in the pursuit of a diet that is supposed to be good for you. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa tendencies in college female soccer players in the NCAA Division 1. Purposive sampling was used, and participants were current student-athletes from the Missouri State women’s soccer team (n=18). Survey research was utilized to assess athletes’ attitudes and behaviors related to various aspects of diet and training, and the control it …

Training Load Management And Injury Prevention In Collegiate Men's Soccer, Lorenzo Salvatore Tomasiello Jr.

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Soccer is a popular sport within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) evidenced by 23,602 athletes participating in Men’s soccer as of 2014. The sports complexity, coupled with the structure of a collegiate season, demands athletes train to improve performance and prevent injuries. Coaches are able to monitor training through the use of global positioning system (GPS) technology to properly prescribe training loads to meet the individual demands for an athlete. By utilizing an acute to chronic ratio derived from GPS data, coaches are able to determine whether an athlete is prepared for the workloads they are going to be …