Sports Sciences Commons^™

Baseline Postural Control Measures: An Indicator For Increased Injury Frequency Following Sports Related Concussion, Emily Belson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: An increase in acute lower extremity (LE) injuries have been observed in athletes following sports-related concussion.^{1, 2, 3} It has been suggested that lingering postural control deficits as a result of concussive injury, may play a role in the increased prevalence of injury.¹ PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between baseline postural control metrics (Root Mean Square; Peak Excursion Velocity; Sample Entropy) and acute LE injury frequency in NCAA Division I student athletes (SA) with a previous history of concussion. METHODS: Eighty-four NCAA Division I SA were selected from a single university, 42 SA with a previous history …

Self-Efficacy, Implicit Theories Of Ability, And 2 X 2 Achievement Goal Orientation: A Mediation Analysis In Collegiate Athletics, Cory Cottrell

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Achievement goal theory encompasses the adaptive and maladaptive responses to achievement situations and has a strong background in sport research. (Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984; Senko, Hulleman, & Harackiewicz, 2011). A 2007 meta-analysis established self-efficacy and implicit theories of ability as antecedents of achievement goal orientation (Payne, Youngcourt, Beaubien, 2007). Using the 2 x 2 achievement goal paradigm the purpose of the study looks to evaluate antecedents of self-efficacy and implicit theories of ability on achievement goal endorsement in collegiate student athletes. The current study examined implicit theories of ability as a mediator between self-efficacy and each of the 2 x …

Effect Of Plyometric Training On Speed And Change Of Direction Ability In Elite Field Hockey Players, Jasdev Singh, Brendyn B. Appleby, Andrew P. Lavender

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study investigated the effects of two plyometric training protocols on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in elite hockey players. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial design was used and seventeen elite male and female field hockey players were randomly allocated into either low-to-high (L-H, n = 8) or high-to-low (H-L, n = 9) training groups. Each group performed separate variations of the drop jump exercise twice weekly for six weeks, with an emphasis on either jump height (L-H) or drop height (H-L). Performance variables assessed included sprint times over 10 m and 20 m, as well as 505 …

Minimally Actuated Walking: Identifying Core Challenges To Economical Legged Locomotion Reveals Novel Solutions, Ryan T. Schroeder, John Ea Bertram

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Terrestrial organisms adept at locomotion employ strut-like legs for economical and robust movement across the substrate. Although it is relatively easy to observe and analyze details of the solutions these organic systems have arrived at, it is not as easy to identify the problems these movement strategies have solved. As such, it is useful to investigate fundamental challenges that effective legged locomotion overcomes in order to understand why the mechanisms employed by biological systems provide viable solutions to these challenges. Such insight can inform the design and development of legged robots that may eventually match or exceed animal performance. In …

Time On Androgen Deprivation Therapy And Adaptations To Exercise: Secondary Analysis From A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial In Men With Prostate Cancer, Dennis R. Taaffe, Laurien M. Buffart, Robert U. Newton, Nigel Spry, James Denham, David Joseph, David Lamb, Suzanne K. Chambers, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objectives

To explore if duration of previous exposure to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) undertaking a year-long exercise programme moderates the exercise response with regard to body composition and muscle performance, and also to explore the moderator effects of baseline testosterone, time since ADT, and baseline value of the outcome.

Patients and Methods

In a multicentre randomized controlled trial, 100 men who had previously undergone either 6 months (short-term) or 18 months (long-term) of ADT in combination with radiotherapy, as part of the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial, were randomized to 6 months supervised exercise, followed …

Interpreting Signal Amplitudes In Surface Electromyography Studies In Sport And Rehabilitation Sciences, Andrew D. Vigotsky, Israel Halperin, Gregory J. Lehman, Gabriel S. Trajano, Taian M. Vieira

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a popular research tool in sport and rehabilitation sciences. Common study designs include the comparison of sEMG amplitudes collected from different muscles as participants perform various exercises and techniques under different loads. Based on such comparisons, researchers attempt to draw conclusions concerning the neuro- and electrophysiological underpinning of force production and hypothesize about possible longitudinal adaptations, such as strength and hypertrophy. However, such conclusions are frequently unsubstantiated and unwarranted. Hence, the goal of this review is to discuss what can and cannot be inferred from comparative research designs as it pertains to both the acute and …

Change In Knee Flexor Torque After Fatiguing Exercise Identifies Previous Hamstring Injury In Football Players, Cameron Lord, Fadi Ma'ayah, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Muscular fatigue and interlimb strength asymmetry are factors known to influence hamstring injury risk; however, limb‐specific exacerbation of knee flexor (hamstrings) torque production after fatiguing exercise has previously been ignored. To investigate changes in muscular force production before and after sport‐specific (repeated‐sprint) and non‐specific (knee extension‐flexion) fatiguing exercise, and explore the sensitivity and specificity of isokinetic endurance (ie, muscle‐specific) and single‐leg vertical jump (ie, whole limb) tests to identify previous hamstring injury. Twenty Western Australia State League footballers with previous unilateral hamstring injury and 20 players without participated. Peak concentric knee extensor and flexor (180°∙s⁻¹) torques were …

Scoring Analysis Of The Men’S 2014, 2015 And 2016 World Championship Tour Of Surfing: The Importance Of Aerial Manoeuvres In Competitive Surfing, Brendon Ferrier, Jeremy Sheppard, Oliver R.L. Farley, Josh L. Secomb, Joanna Parsonage, Robert Newton, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerial manoeuvres on scoring in professional surfing. 23,631 waves were analysed for the number and types of aerial manoeuvres performed from the 2014, 2015 and 2016 Men’s World Championship Tour. Additionally, the awarded score, timing and order of the aerial was also analysed. Descriptive statistics and Two Way ANOVA’s were performed with Sidak Multiple Comparisons Post Hoc analysis. Results were a significantly higher score being awarded (P ≤ 0.0001) when including an aerial in competition across all three seasons. In 2015 surfers were awarded a significantly larger score …

Factors Affecting Powerlifting Performance: An Analysis Of Age- And Weight-Based Determinants Of Relative Strength, Christopher Latella, Daniel Van Den Hoek, Wei-Peng Teo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Powerlifting (PL) is characterised by the ability to generate maximal force. However, an understanding of the factors affecting strength in PL athletes is poorly understood. Therefore, competition data were analysed from 1368 individuals during 2017. Relative strength was compared for the squat (SQ), bench press (BP) and deadlift (DL) between age groups (Sub-junior [SJ], Junior [JU], Open [OP], and Masters’ I-IV [M1-M4]), weight classes (females; 47 kg, 52 kg, 57 kg, 63 kg, 72 kg, 84 kg and + 84 kg and males; 59 kg, 66 kg, 74 kg, 83 kg, 93 kg, 105 kg, 120 kg, + 120 kg) …

The Potential Role Of Genetic Markers In Talent Identification And Athlete Assessment In Elite Sport, Ysabel Jacob, Tania Spiteri, Nicolas H. Hart, Ryan S. Anderson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and …

Movement Economy In Soccer: Current Data And Limitations, Filippo Dolci, Nicolas H. Hart, Andrew Kilding, Paola Chivers, Ben Piggott, Tania Spiteri

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Soccer is an intermittent team-sport, where performance is determined by a myriad of psychological, technical, tactical, and physical factors. Among the physical factors, endurance appears to play a key role into counteracting the fatigue-related reduction in running performance observed during soccer matches. One physiological determinant of endurance is movement economy, which represents the aerobic energy cost to exercise at a given submaximal velocity. While the role of movement economy has been extensively examined in endurance athletes, it has received little attention in soccer players, but may be an important factor, given the prolonged demands of match play. For this reason, …

Acute Dehydration Impairs Endurance Without Modulating Neuromuscular Function, Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, Anthony J. Blazevich, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction/Purpose: This study examined the influence of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function.

Methods: On separate days, combat sports athletes experienced in acute dehydration practices (n = 14) completed a 3 h passive heating intervention (40∘C, 63% relative humidity) to induce dehydration (DHY) or a thermoneutral euhydration control (25∘C, 50% relative humidity: CON). In the ensuing 3 h ad libitum fluid and food intake was allowed, after which participants performed fatiguing exercise consisting of repeated unilateral knee extensions at 85% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque until task failure. Both before and after the fatiguing protocol participants performed …

The Burden Of Hospitalized Sports-Related Injuries In Children: An Australian Population-Based Study, 2005–2013, Francisco J. Schneuer, Jane C. Bell, Susan E. Adams, Julie Brown, Caroline Finch, Natasha Nassar

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

There is concern about recent increase and severity of sports-related injuries in children. Despite the benefits of sports participation, injuries may carry long-term health consequences. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and types of hospitalized sports-related injuries in children.

Methods

Population-based study of all acute sports-related injuries requiring hospitalization in children 5 to 15 years of age in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, 2005–2013. Health information was obtained from the NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection, a census of all hospital admissions from public and private hospitals. Children with a recorded ICD10-AM injury code (S00-T79) and sport-related activity code …

Acute Effects Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation On Peak Torque And Muscle Imbalance, Cassio V. Ruas, Ryan T. Mcmanus, Claudio M. Bentes, Pablo B. Costa

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on muscle imbalance are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of PNF stretching on knee extension and flexion peak torque (PT), as well as the conventional and functional hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) ratios. Methods: Fifteen men (age = 22 ± 1 years; body mass = 76 ± 12 kg; height = 176 ± 7 cm) and fifteen women (age = 22 ± 2 years; body mass = 63 ± 8 kg; height = 161 ± 5 cm) performed concentric quadriceps and hamstrings, and …

Factors Related To The Career Intentions Of Senior Athletic Training Students Approaching Graduation, Rae Lee Emrick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research inquiry examined the factors that influence soon-to-be graduating senior athletic training major’s decisions on their career intentions. Two research questions guided this study: What are the factors, experiences, and/or circumstances that contribute to senior athletic training students approaching graduation planning to persist in or pursue the athletic training profession? and What are the factors, experiences, and circumstances that contribute to senior athletic training students approaching graduation leading to displacement and students not planning to seek employment in the athletic training profession? Qualitative research methods employed a multiple case approach examining four different CAATE accredited athletic training programs …

Examining Injury Data Reporting Practices Among Wildland Firefighters, Erin M. Boggs

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Wildland Firefighter (WLFF) Crews lack an injury surveillance program to collect information on non-traumatic and traumatic injuries. Tactical athletes including: police, military and structural firefighters all have a variety of collection systems in place for injury data collection. The lack of injury data prevents WLFF crews from identifying high-risk environments, implementing injury prevention programs, and improving the overall quality of care on the job. Over the last several decades the recent rise in wildfire occurrences and wildfire suppression costs creates a need for healthy and strong individuals in the field. The cost of firefighter salaries and medical care can be …

Examining Upper Extremity Injuries In Male Baseball Players Between The Ages Of 14 To 22 Years Old, James T. Yancy

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Yancy, James T. (J.T.), MAT., May 2018 AthleticTraining

Examining Upper Extremity Injuries In Male Baseball Players Between The Ages Of 14 To 22 Years Old

Chairperson: Melanie McGrath

The number of upper extremity injuries is increasing in advanced baseball (14 to 22 years old) at an alarming rate. The length of seasons, multiple leagues and the velocity of throwing in overhead sports are the most common causes of elbow and shoulder injuries. In addition, biomechanical variables also influence the risk of injury. Any alteration in range of motion (ROM) directly impacts the biomechanics of overhead activities, such as pitching or …

The Psychological And Physiological Effect Of Performing The Primal Reflex Release Technique On Female, Division I Collegiate Athletes, Erika K. Vichcales

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Anxiety is a cognitive, behavioral, and physiological reaction to stress, and athletes have an increased risk being in a high-stress environment. One of the effects of increased stress on the body is a condition known as central sensitization (CS) where the central nervous system amplifies sensory input across many organ systems causing a pain response in normally non-painful areas or hypersensitivity to stimuli. The Primal Reflex Release Technique (PRRT) is a manual-therapy approach for evaluating and relieving musculoskeletal pain in patients, and is meant to facilitate a “neural reboot” of a hyper-aroused nervous system. The purpose of this study is …

Determining Skin Temperature Differences Between Three Cold Compression Modalities, Madison S. Mccarthy

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Background: Cold and compression are common therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal injuries. Cryotherapy uses extreme cold to decrease cell metabolism and pain following injury. Compression works to decrease overall blood flow and control edema. The benefit of combining cold and compression is to increase the rate and depth of the temperature drop, while utilizing the effects of both modalities. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if a crushed ice pack was as effective as newer cold compression technology to decrease skin temperature. A crushed ice pack was compared to the PowerPlay and Game …

Interleukin-6 And Exercise; Early Evidence Of A Novel Myokine, Brendan Hogg Mr.

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was first identified as a pleiotropic cytokine, with a host of body-wide functions. Cytokine functions are characterized by chronically elevated levels within various inflammatory states. In this regard, IL-6 is largely associated with the acute phase response to many stimuli and performs specific actions when produced from certain cell types. Accrued evidence indicates IL-6 release from skeletal muscle often includes myokine functions. Novel myokine functions are adaptive in nature, and as compared to inflammatory/cytokine roles, exhibit a transient time course. Following exercise plasma IL-6 peaks and returns to resting levels within 1-2 hours. In contrast, IL-6 is observed …

Factors Influencing Confidence After Multiple Acl Injuries: A Qualitative Case Study, Jacob Casebolt

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Background: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are common with over 200,000 injuries occurring yearly in the United States. Despite excellent objective measures, only 63% of patients return to their pre-injury level of activity. The low number suggest psychologically mediated disability in ACL reconstruction (ACLR) patients. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative case study is to describe the confidence of one athlete who underwent multiple ACLR and continued to move into higher levels of competition. Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted with a single women’s soccer player with three ACLR. After a review of the participant’s medical history, the primary …

Neuromuscular Responses To Exhaustive Bouts Of Sprint Running In Non-Steady Speed Trials, Brandon C. Gruver, Matthew W. Bundle

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Self-Adherent Taping On Peak Inversion Angle And Eversion Moment Upon Landing During A Maximal Vertical Jump And A Depth Drop, Christopher M. Gregoire

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Ankle injuries are the most common injury in physically active adults with roughly 15% to 30% of all physical activity injuries being ankle injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-adherent ankle taping in reducing peak ankle inversion angle and peak ankle eversion moment upon landing during a max vertical jump and depth drop compared to jumping without a prophylactic ankle stabilizer.

Twelve volunteers participated in testing procedure on two separate days. Day one consisted of orientation while day two consisted of experimental data collection. The participant’s peak inversion angle and eversion moment were …

The Effects Of Prophylactic Ankle Bracing On Collegiate Women's Basketball Ankle Range Of Motion, Static Balance, And Dynamic Balance, Damian Ignacio Aguilar

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Ankle braces are often used by athletic trainers across the nation in hopes of preventing ankle related injuries. Since prophylactic ankle braces are widely used and accepted, it is critical to understand the effects prophylactic ankle braces are having on ankle functionality and postural control both in a braced and non-braced state. However, the effects of prophylactic ankle braces over the period of a season has limited research. Thirteen collegiate women’s basketball players, who are required to wear prophylactic ankle braces through a 20-week season, participated in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of …

The Effects Of Descending Resistance Sets Compared To Constant Resistance Sets On The Volume Completed During A High Intensity Free Weight Back Squat Exercise, Jason E. Meyer

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Improving anabolic hormone production is an important training adaptation in resistance training; however, no previous research has developed optimized descending resistance sets to increase training volume. The purpose of this research was to compare two different loading protocols of constant resistance sets (CRS) and descending resistance sets (DRS) on the free weight back squat. Eleven resistance trained male participants (mean ± SD, age = 22 ± 3 yr, and back squat 1RM ratio (1RM/body weight) = 1.65 ± 0.2) completed 4 experimental sessions over 2 weeks, during which 4 sets of the back squat were performed with 85% 1RM and …

Dynamic Balance Of Experienced And Novice Rock Climbers, Brian G. Shea

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Climbing requires heavy use of the upper body muscles in the torso and arms to pull the body vertically or traverse horizontally. The upper body profile of climbers has been characterized, however there is little research that has examined the lower body and its contribution to climbing performance. There are studies that have examined postural control while climbing, but no study has evaluated the dynamic balance of the lower extremities in climbers. For this study, lower body dynamic balance was measured using normalized reach distances of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Eighteen adult, indoor climbers (n=12) and non-climbers (n=6) …

Effects Of Long-Term Participation In Tennis On Cognitive Function In Elderly Individuals, Scott Culpin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Many studies have reported the relationship between exercise and cognition with conflicting results. This may be due to differences in intervention durations, session lengths, intensities, and type of exercise. It has been suggested that exercises requiring greater cognitive demand such as football, basketball and racquet sports, are protective against cognitive decline, compared to less cognitively demanding exercises such as swimming, cycling and running, however, research concerning exercise types are currently limited. The present study tested the hypothesis that elderly individuals who had been regularly playing tennis more than 10 years, would have greater cognitive function than those who had been …

Effects Of Knee Sleeves On Knee Mechanics During Squats At Variable Depths, Alexandria A. Trypuc

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The squat is a functional, compound and multi-joint exercise that targets several muscles of the lower body and is widely used in both athletics and many exercise programs. This exercise has been the subject of many studies, comparing different squat variations and examining how external gear, such as squat suits and knee wraps impact the exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of wearing neoprene knee sleeves on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activations during weighted back squats. Fifteen resistance trained men and women, aged 28±5 years, from the local fitness community and university campus …

Adult- And Peer-Created Motivational Climates In Sport And Injury Rehabilitation, Rachel Majewski

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The motivational climate is the environment, within an achievement setting, created by influential individuals (e.g., coach, athletic trainer, peers) through situational cues, expectations, feedback, and rewards. The way individuals within the setting interpret the motivational climate influences emotions, values, and behaviors which then directly encourages a specific state of participation. Coaches, athletic trainers, and peers need to be aware of the motivational climate they generate and the potentially constructive and detrimental effects on athletes in sport and injury rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the motivational climate in sport, sport commitment, and injury occurrence. …

ความสัมพันธ์ของแบบทดสอบกระโดดลงพื้นด้วยขาข้างเดียวกันกับการบาดเจ็บที่หัวเข่าในนักกีฬาฟุตบอลหญิงไทย, กรกฎ ชรากร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาค่าตัวแปรทางกลศาสตร์การเคลื่อนไหวของการทำแบบทดสอบกระโดดลงพื้นด้วยขาข้างเดียวกันรวมถึงปัจจัยต่าง ๆ กับความสัมพันธ์กับโอกาสเกิดการบาดเจ็บของนักกีฬาฟุตบอลหญิงไทย ผู้เข้าร่วมงานวิจัยคือ กลุ่มนักกีฬาฟุตบอลหญิงทีมชาติไทยที่ได้รับเลือกเข้าค่ายฝึกซ้อมของทีมชาติ ในช่วงปี 2561 - 2562 ที่มีอายุระหว่าง 18 - 35 ปี โดยทำการเก็บข้อมูลทั่วไปและข้อมูลทางชีวกลศาสตร์จากการทดสอบกระโดดลงพื้นด้วยขาข้างเดียวกัน จากนั้นนำข้อมูลไปวิเคราะห์ทางสถิติเพื่อหาความสัมพันธ์กับประวัติที่เคยบาดเจ็บของตัวนักกีฬาเอง ผลการวิจัยพบว่าค่ามุมงอหัวเข่าบิดเข้าด้านในที่ได้จากการทดสอบกระโดดลงพื้นด้วยขาข้างเดียวกัน ส่งผลต่อการบาดเจ็บอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p = 0.037) ในขณะที่ค่าตัวแปรอื่นไม่ส่งผลต่อการบาดเจ็บอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ สรุปผลการวิจัย แบบทดสอบกระโดดลงพื้นด้วยขาข้างเดียวกันสามารถใช้ประเมินความเสี่ยงต่อการบาดเจ็บของนักกีฬาฟุตบอลหญิงได้ และในคนที่เคยบาดเจ็บจะมีการใช้งานทดแทนจากขาอีกข้างที่ไม่บาดเจ็บ ทำให้สามารถใช้งานหรือใช้ทักษะในการเล่นกีฬาได้