Sports Sciences Commons^™

Factors That Effect Lower Extremity Muscle Strains In Collegiate Track And Field, Syrena Spanburgh-Hess

Graduate Theses

Both the number of recreational and competitive runners and the number of injuries have increased over the past decade. Track and field includes a variety of events, which differ in volume and intensity. The variability of the sport causes both chronic and acute injuries. Although chronic injuries are most prevalent, muscular strains are the most frequent acute injury (Jacobsson et al., 2011). Muscular strains have accounted for approximately 17% of all track and field injuries (Kluitenberg et al., 2014). A variety of predisposing factors for muscular strains have been described. The purpose of this study was to investigate causative factors …

Early Versus Delayed Rehabilitation After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair, Abigail Chang, Jessica Dennis

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Objective: To determine how the timing of rehabilitation, early versus delayed, affects clinical results and tendon healing rates after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: Searches were done in PubMed, utilizing the terms arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, rehabilitation, early, and delayed. In PubMed the following filters and terms were used: published in the last 10 years, humans, randomized controlled trial, free full-text articles, and English. Results: The Keener et al study was included because it evaluated clinical results and tendon healing rates after arthroscopic repair using two distinct rehabilitation protocols, early versus delayed …

Relationship Between Breakfast And Basketball Shooting Accuracy, Dimitrije Cabarkapa

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if collegiate and recreational basketball players shooting accuracy improved after consumption of breakfast (BF) compared to no-breakfast (No-BF).

Methods: 24 male and female collegiate and recreational basketball players completed a three-week intervention study with a crossover design. Subjects were randomly assigned to a four-day BF or No-BF treatment starting on Monday and completed testing that included a free-throw drill and timed 2-point and 3-point drills on day four. Treatment switched the following Monday. Food intake records were collected during each treatment phase.

Results: There was no difference between BF and No-BF …

Virtual And Authentic Tennis: Similarities And Differences Of Three Common Tennis Strokes, Kristy M. Noble

Graduate Theses

The purpose of this mixed-methods multi-phase study was to compare the similarities and differences of three common tennis strokes performed by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I tennis players in an authentic and motion-based video game (MBVG) environment. Moreover, the perceived effectiveness of using MBVGs as a pedagogical tool was also examined. Statistical analyses revealed that the forehand, backhand, and serve were performed significantly different in the authentic and MBVG environments. However, the participants perceived that the MBVG forehand and serve were similar to the authentic environment. In addition, the participants perceived several positives and negatives of utilizing MBVGs when …

Physiological Differences In Cardiovascular Hemodynamics Across Treadmill And Cycle Exercise As Assessed Through Impedance Cardiography, Daniel S. Valcicak

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Impedance cardiography (IC) measures cardiovascular hemodynamics non-invasively during exercise. However, IC measurements assessing physiological differences across treadmill (TM) and cycle (CYC) exercise has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hemodynamic measurements assessed via IC are consistent between TM and CYC exercise at two absolute exercise intensities. Twenty-one men (age = 21.4 ± 0.5 y; BMI = 24.4 ± 0.5) completed four exercise tests, two TM and two CYC. Within each test, two, five-minute, steady-state stages were completed with targeted intensities of 5 (MODex) and 7 (VIGex) metabolic equivalents (METs). Oxygen consumption (VO₂) …

The Effects Of Coffee Ingestion On The Acute Testosterone Response To Exercise, Taylor Landry

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of coffee ingestion (COF) on serum testosterone responses to exercise in recreationally weight-trained males. Subjects ingested either 12 ounces of 6mg/kg caffeinated coffee (COF), decaffeinated coffee (DEC), or water (PLA) one hour prior to exercise in a randomized, within-subject, crossover design. The exercise session consisted of 21 minutes of high intensity interval cycling (alternating intensities corresponding to two minutes at power outputs associated with 2.0 mmol/L lactate and 4.0 mmol/L lactate) followed by resistance exercise (7 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 65% 1RM, 1-minute rest periods). Subjects also completed repetitions to fatigue tests …

The Effect Of Menstrual Phase And Oral Contraceptive Steroids On Caffeine During Cycling Performance, Annette M. Lemanski

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

PURPOSE: There is evidence that female sex hormones impact caffeine metabolism, with decreased CYP1A2 activity and diminished caffeine clearance in women with higher estrogen levels. Therefore, the objectives of this project were to determine the effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle on the benefits of caffeine supplementation for cycling performance. METHODS: Sixteen recreationally trained female cyclists, oral contraceptive steroid (OCS) users (n=8, age = 21.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 168.4 ± 3.6 cm, weight = 63.6 ± 7.2kg, VO_2max = 48.0 ± 4.0 ml/kg/min), and non-users (n=8, age = 20.9 ± 2.1 years, height = 161.0 ± …

Caffeine Intake Helps Maintain 3-Km Cycling Performance The Morning Following Sleep Restriction, Erin E. Horil

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Abstract

Introduction: Although a full understanding of the role of sleep is debated, it is widely accepted that sleep is important for recovery from heavy exercise. Recent research suggests that sleep restriction (SR) may negatively impact recovery and subsequent performance. It is unknown if caffeine supplementation mitigates this performance decrement. Our objective was to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance following one night of SR in trained cyclists.

Methods: Subjects (n=10) completed a 3-km time trial (TT) and an exhaustive bout of exercise in the evening (EX1), then returned to repeat the TT the following …

Exploring Rehabilitation Adherence And The Motivational Climate Created By Athletic Trainers: A Mixed Methods Approach, Kaleb W. Cusack

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the athletic trainer created motivational climate and rehabilitation adherence displayed by their athletes. Four certified athletic trainers from one National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution participated. The study implemented a convergent mixed methods design, using the Rehabilitation Adherence Measure for Athletic Training as a quantitative measure of adherence and a semi-structured interview to establish the strategies athletic trainers use to organize the rehabilitation process, provide feedback to athletes, and evaluate rehabilitation progress. The semi-structured interview also allowed for other emerging themes during analysis. Results indicated that high-adhering athletes …

Perceptions Of Ncaa Division I Baseball Pitchers On Treatment Modalities For Pitching Arm Health, Thomas Williams

Graduate Theses

Throwing athletes of all sports have similarities, even if the sport itself is very different. Throwing an object creates a great amount of stress on the body, particularly at the shoulder and the elbow. A baseball pitcher should train and compete in all three planes of movement-sagittal, frontal and transverse. Training for throwing athletes has two main goals: to increase throwing power and to reduce throwing injuries. Analyzing training habits of a throwing athlete includes an understanding of the modalities they perform in order to prevent potential injuries from occurring. Baseball pitchers are extremely susceptible to throwing injuries, and must …

The Effects Of Static Stretching On Pennation Angle And Muscle Power Production In The Triceps Surae Complex, Lacey G. Dennis

Honors College Theses

Many studies have examined how power is affected by static stretching. However, little research has been completed to examine why the muscle power production is affected by static stretching. The purpose of this study is to see the correlation of how pennation angle (PA) and muscle power production (MPP) is affected by a static stretching protocol. For the methodology, PA of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle will be measured using Terason ultrasound machine. After the PA is measured participants will perform a vertical jump on a force plate while utilizing a Vertec, to determine the height of their jump …

Effects Of Ankle Weights On Metabolic Response And Muscle Activity On A Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill 2017, Saige Hupman

Master's Theses

Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmills are growing in popularity for rehabilitative use, as the benefits of exercising at partially supported body weight may induce faster recovery. It is unknown if there are certain practices that increase exercise intensity while maintaining positive effects of LBPP. Adding ankle weights when walking or running could increase intensity of rehabilitation programs while maintaining the comfort of supported body weight. PURPOSE: To measure metabolic response (VO2, RER, HR, Caloric expenditure), RPE, and lower limb electromyography (EMG) amplitudes of LBPP treadmill walking and running with and without ankle weights. METHODS: Sixteen participants (Age: 21.94 ± …

The Effect Of Blood Flow Restriction Training With The Quadmill On Peak Isometric Knee Extensor Strength 2017, Brandon Schrom

Master's Theses

Traditional training methodologies that improve muscular strength use loads as low as 75% of a person’s one-repetition maximum and as high as 110% of a person’s one repetition maximum. With these high loads comes a greater risk for injury. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a potential solution to this problem. BFR training originated in Japan, where it was called Kaatsu. With this method of training, a trainee ties a tourniquet around the proximal end of a limb to reduce blood flow to and from the limb’s muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether three-weeks of BFR …

Imposed Versus Affect-Based Resistance Training Intensities On Adherence, Session Affect, Session Perceived Exertion, And Intrinsic Motivation Measures During A Six-Week Program In Novice Female Lifters 2017, Ryan Joseph Brennan

Master's Theses

The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that individuals perform resistance training exercises at a specific intensity based on external load (percentage of one repetition maximum; %1RM). However, only 29.6% of adults in 2013 reported strength training two or more times per week. Furthermore, individuals lifting at recommended percentages vary in their pleasure and displeasure. Self-selected exercise seems to promote positive affective responses, in part, due to the perceived autonomy. The effects of regulating exercise intensity using affect as opposed to imposed intensities as a means for improved fitness, promoting exercise behavior, and enhancing other psychological outcomes have yet …

Hydration And Hot Yoga: Encouragement, Behaviors, And Outcomes, Casey Mace-Firebaugh, Brandon Eggleston

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Context: Currently, the literature on hot yoga is lacking, and there is still much to understand regarding the safety of these practices. However, one point of safety often emphasized is hydration during the practice of hot yoga. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine hydration encouragement by hot yoga instructors and hydration behaviors and related outcomes by hot yoga participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study (n = 700) collected self-report data on demographics, types and frequency of yoga practiced, hydration behaviors, and self-report measures of adverse outcomes experienced by participants during hot yoga. Associations between hydration encouragement, protective …

Effects Of A Carbohydrate And Protein Recovery Beverage On Performance In Trained Weightlifters, Christopher B. Taber, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Soto, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Previous investigations have examined nutrient timing with untrained subject and less is known about effects in trained subjects.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate and protein supplement (CHO+PROT) on performance measures in trained weightlifters.

METHODS: 10 trained weightlifters (30.8±5.1 years, 177.4 ±4.0 cm, 94.3 ± 12.4 kg, training age = 5.3 ± 2.9 years) completed a 12 week training program utilizing block periodization. Using a double blind placebo design, jump height, scaled peak power measured in vertical jumps and peak force and rate of force development measured in isometric mid-thigh pulls …

The Development And Validation Of A Resource Kit For Use By Ngos Pertaining To The Inclusion Of People With Disabilities In Sport-Based Programmes In Developing Countries, Koffi Atitso Fiati

Theses

The current study is undertaken in relation to the recommendations of both Article 30 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities-UNCRPD, (UN, 2006) and the new Charter on Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport (UNESCO, 2015) to serve as a building block in the improvement of the health of people with disabilities (PWDs).

The study adopted a three-phase sequential mixed method approach with a participatory action research orientation. There was a document analysis, a survey, and interviews. The first phase comprised an analysis of four documents labelled as inclusive sport and physical activities resource kits. …

The Impact Spectrum Of Head Injuries On The Sport Of Hockey, Caleb W. Neal

Senior Honors Projects

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates there are between 1.6-3.8 million sports and recreation related concussions per year. In fact there are over 4 million concussions (including non-sports related) in total each year. A concussion is defined as a serious brain injury caused by the rapid movement (linear front-to-back, side-to-side) or rotational (angular) movement of the brain inside the skull, which results in damage and disruption to the brain cell function, causing brain trauma (sports concussion library). Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are concussions that are specifically sustained during a sporting event. The sport with the highest incidence of …

The Relationship Between Ratings Of Perceived Exertion And Heart Rate In Ncaa Division Iii Male Soccer Players 2017, Samuel J. Guider

Master's Theses

Every sport has specific physical demands of the human body. The amount of physiological load that an athlete endures during a bout of exercise can be described as training load (TL). Accurate calculation of training loads within athletes is important when it comes to strength and power development, as well as injury prevention and monitoring fatigue. Common methods used to calculate training loads for athletes include rating of perceived exertion (RPE) based methods, heart rate (HR) based methods, rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) methods, and blood lactate methods. Specifically with NCAA male soccer athletes, HR based methods and RPE based …

The Contribution Of Solid Food On Total Water Intake In 3-13 Y Children, Audrey Caroline Smith

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Introduction: Adequate hydration is important element of good health. Several studies indicate that the majority of kids are hypohydrated and do not meet dietary water intake guidelines. Some scientist also suggest that good hydration might be achieved by large consumption of food that are rich in water (i.e. fruits and vegetables). However, the information of food consumption on total water intake in children is limited.

Purpose: We evaluated the contribution of water from solid food on total water intake in children.

Methodology: For this cross-sectional study 81 children (35 female) 3 to 13 years old were randomly recruited to participate. …

The Effect Of High Altitude On Central Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness, Christopher Boos, Emmanuel Vincent, Adrian Mellor, David Woods, Caroline Newman, Richard Cruttenden, Matt Barlow, Mark Cooke, Kevin Deighton, Peter Scott, Sarah B. Clarke, John O'Hara

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Disc Golf As A Public Health Option: Utilizing America's Natural Resources To Offer Low Cost Outdoor Exercise, Victor Martins

Senior Theses

This paper explores the appeal and growth potential of disc golf as a way to offer a fun and immersive exercise experience. In a time when the United States is a world leader in obesity, understanding issues like appeal, exercise motivation and accessibility are important as the country looks to redirect itself towards a healthier future. In order to understand what brings disc golfers in, a survey of player motivations across demographic groups was completed using a rated average system. In doing so, researchers gained insight and verification of the game’s appeal under the framework of previous public health and …

Comparison Of Land And Aquatic Loaded Countermovement Jump Landings In Female Ncaa Division I Collegiate Athletes, Samantha L. Nielson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate alterations in lower extremity kinematics during the landing phase of a countermovement jump when performed in different environments and under multiple external loads. Twenty-four NCAA Divison I collegiate female athletes performed 12 countermovement jumps on land and 12 jumps in water, submerged to the xiphoid process, for a total of 24 jumps. Within each environmental condition, four loading conditions of three jumps each were performed using a weighted vest: Unloaded, 10%, 20%, or 30% of body mass. The hip, knee, and ankle angles were measured as the smallest angles between the major …

The Association Between Motor Proficiency, Cognitive Tempo, Academic Skills, Balance And Visual Efficiency In Elementary School Aged Children., Franklin R. Muntis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between motor proficiency, cognitive tempo, academic skills, balance and visual efficiency in elementary school aged children at a local Spanish immersion school. Forty-nine students and their parents provided consent to participate in the study. Motor proficiency was measured using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2), cognitive tempo and academic skills were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory, Visual Efficiency was measured using Visual Efficiency Rating (VERA) and Balance was measured using a Neurocom^® platform function for stability evaluation test to determine limits of stability. …

Technical And Physical Match Demands Of A Ncaa Division I Soccer Goalkeeper, Joanne Spalding

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the goalkeeper position in order to prepare goalkeepers for competition. The objectives of this study were to characterize the technical and physical demands of an NCAA Division I collegiate goalkeeper over three seasons and examine trends from season to season. Count and frequency for each definition were analyzed. Results show that although the goalkeeper’s technical demands were characterized by engaging in play without action and being in the goal area, the gradually increased use of the feet over three season’s hints on the importance of skills performed with …

Prevention Of Ankle Sprains, Travis Schomacker

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Ankle instability is weakness of the ankles due to previous injuries. According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), more than 460,000 college athletes play a total of 24 sports. Results from Indiana University showed that 67% of former players claim they suffered a major injury while competing n the collegiate level.

The Effect Of Three Different Ankle Braces On Vertical Jump Performance In Female College Volleyball Players, Ashley M. Jefferson

Undergraduate Theses

Background/Purpose: Ankle braces are often used to stabilize the ankle joint of an athlete to reduce the risk of initial injury while participating in athletic activity or to protect the joint from re-injury when returning to play. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of application of three different braces on vertical jump performance in collegiate female volleyball players. A secondary aim was to compare participant preference and satisfaction on selected characteristics of each of the three different braces.

Subjects: 31 female varsity/club college volleyball players >18 years of age.

Materials/Methods: Health History Assessment and a dynamic …

Kinematics Of The Lower Extremities During Fundamental Martial Arts Tricking Techniques, Kevin P. Grassie

Honors Scholar Theses

Martial Arts Tricking (MAT) is a relatively new sport that combines martial arts, gymnastics, acrobatics, and breakdancing for the purposes of creating aesthetic and impressive combinations of kicks, flips and twists. It has been growing exponentially through social media and the overall athletic and entertainment communities. The sport is very unique in that the movements, with their blended influences, provide novel ways for athletes to generate and utilize their momentum in a creative way. The results often include off-axis flips and twists, single-leg landings, and complicated yet fluid techniques that easily chain together.

Due to the sport only being a …

Mindfulness Program For Student Athletes, Daniel J. Savory

M.A. in Leadership Studies: Capstone Project Papers

Student athletes face challenging situations during their time at college which can cause their experience to be a negative one if they are not fully supported. This can be due to several factors; most athletes face an immense amount of pressure to succeed in the classroom as well as in their sport. Also, many athletes are moving away from home for the first time and this can be a daunting feeling. They are expected to manage all of these challenges, and if mishandled, it can lead to an overwhelming amount of negative stress resulting in an unsuccessful time as a …

Relationship Between Performance Tests And Yard Per Carry Average In Collegiate Running Backs, Jason Kyle Newsom

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Jason Kyle Newsom on April 24, 2017.