Sports Sciences Commons^™

Runner Identity And Sponsorship: Evaluating The Rock ‘N’ Roll Marathon, Nancy L. Lough, Jennifer Pharr, Jason O. Owen

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

The economic value of participation sport has been reported to eclipse spectator sport significantly. However, scholars have acknowledged the relative lack of research on this important segment of the sport market. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between runner identity and race sponsor effectiveness. Surveys were sent to participants in the Las Vegas Rock ‘n’ Roll Marathon. The survey was constructed to measure runner identity, and sponsor effectiveness as interpreted through rates of recognition, recall and purchase intention. Runners were divided into three groups based on their runner identity score. Of the predictive variables, only runner …

Do Dance Floor Force Reduction And Static Stiffness Represent Dynamic Floor Stiffness During Dance Landings?, Luke S. Hopper, Jacqueline A. Alderson, Bruce C. Elliott, Timothy R. Ackland, Paul R. Fleming

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Dance training on floors that are not 'sprung' are assumed to have direct implications for injury. Standards for dance floor manufacture in Europe and North America quantify floor force reduction by measuring the impact forces of drop masses. In addition, many studies of human mechanical adaptations to varied surfaces, have quantified test surfaces using measures of static stiffness. It is unclear whether these methods for the measurement of floor mechanical properties actually reflect dancer requirements or floor behaviour under dancer loading. The aim of this study was to compare the force reduction, static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of a range …

A Dynamic Evaluation Of How Kick Point Location Influences Swing Parameters And Related Launch Conditions, Christopher Joyce, Angus Burnett, Alvaro Reyes, Stephen Herbert

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In golf, many parameters of the driver can be modified to maximise hitting distance. The main objective of this study was to determine whether drivers fitted with shafts having high and low kick points would alter selected swing parameters and related launch conditions. In total, 12 elite male golfers (handicap score = 1.2 ± 1.8) had three shots analysed for two drivers fitted with 'stiff' shafts with differing kick point location. Stiffness profiles of these shafts were also measured. Five swing and related launch parameters were measured using a real-time launch monitor. The locations of the low and high kick …

Influence Of Race Distance And Biological Sex On Age-Related Declines In Triathlon Performance. Part A, Sam Shi Xuan Wu, Jeremiah Peiffer, Jeanick Brisswalter, Wing Y. Lau, Kazunori Nosaka, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study examined the effect of biological sex and race distance on the age-related declines in swimming, cycling, running and overall performances of the sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman and Ironman triathlons. Individual discipline and overall performance time of the top 20% non-elite males (n=468) and females (n=146) were compared by categorizing into four 10-year age-groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50+ years) and normalising to the mean performance time of the fastest age-group for each race. An earlier, larger and faster rate of decline (p=0.01) in performance with ageing was observed in females (≥30 years, 9.3%, 3.0% per decade respectively) and males (≥40 …

Pgc-1Α Mediated Muscle Aerobic Adaptations To Exercise, Heat And Cold Exposure, Mohammed Ihsan, Greig Watson, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

PGC-1α is regarded as a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis due to its central role in regulating the activity of key transcription factors associated with encoding mitochondrial components. Additionally, PGC-1α has shown to mediate adaptations that increase fat metabolism and angiogenesis, contributing to the overall oxidative phenotype of the muscle. While it is well established that exercise is a potent stimulator of PGC-1α, recent evidence indicates that heat and cold exposures may also influence mitochondrial biogenesis through the up-regulation of PGC-1α. This highlights the potential use of these modalities in conjunction with exercise to enhance training adaptations. As such, the …

Greater Polar Moment Of Inertia At The Tibia In Athletes Who Develop Stress Fractures, Lee A. Weidauer, Teresa Binkley, Matthew Vukovich, Bonny Specker

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Several previous investigations have determined potential risk factors for stress fractures in athletes and military personnel.
Purpose: To determine factors associated with the development of stress fractures in female athletes.
Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods: A total of 88 female athletes (cross-country, n ¼ 29; soccer, n ¼ 15; swimming, n ¼ 9; track and field, n ¼ 14; volleyball, n ¼ 12; and basketball, n ¼ 9) aged 18 to 24 years were recruited to participate in a longitudinal bone study and had their left distal tibia at the 4%, 20%, and 66% sites …

Unaccustomed Exercise Causes Rhabdomyolysis, Yuri Feito

Faculty Articles

Cross Fit TM is a relatively new strength and conditioning program defined as “constantly varied, functional movements, performed at a high intensity”. The goal of the program is to increase “work capacity across broad time and modal domains” [1]. Even though this training modality has been criticized by the main stream media for “high risk of injury” most of these claims have been anecdotal, as recent evidence suggest this training modality is not any more “dangerous” than other exercise programs [2]. One of the biggest criticisms of this training modality has been its association with Rhabdomyolysis, a condition that results …

Alterations And Specifications Of Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption: A Review, Genevieve Kocoloski, Anne R. Crecelius

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This review describes oxygen consumption, both in terms of a goal of weight management and aerobic training. It introduces excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and the benefits that can come from it. EPOC can aid in weight management as a means to continue to expend energy even after exercise has ceased. This review also discusses the many determinants of EPOC and analyzes the effects of various conditions on the elevated consumption. Such conditions include duration and intensity of exercise, training status, and supplementation. Later discussed are the possible underlying mechanisms and how they are responsible for EPOC. Although they have …

Perceived Levels Of Frustration During Clinical Situations In Athletic Training Students, Scott Heinerichs, Neil Curtis, Alison Gardiner-Shires

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis After Surgical Or Nonsurgical Treatment Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Systematic Review, Kyle P. Harris, Jeffrey B. Driban, Michael R. Sitler, Nicole M. Cattano, Easwaran Balasubramanian

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Endocrine And Contralateral Muscle Responses To Short-Term Unilateral Resistance Training, Carleigh Boone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term lower body unilateral resistance training on hormonal, muscle morphological, and performance measures in young men. METHODS: Seventeen healthy, untrained young men (Age: 22.8 ± 3.7 y; BMI: 26.5 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (UT: 22.9 ± 4.6 y, 25.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2; CON: 24.0 ± 4.6 y, 27.7 ± 5.1 kg/m2). Resistance training consisted of 4 weeks of unilateral lower body and bilateral upper body exercises on 3 days per week. Each training session entailed unilateral countermovement jumps (3 × 8), …

The Effect Of Moderate Altitude On High Intensity Running Performance During A Game With Collegiate Female Soccer Players, Jonathan Bohner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Competition often requires teams that reside at sea level to compete against opponents whose residence is at a moderate altitude. This may pose a potential competitive disadvantage considering that moderate altitude may cause decrements in VO2max, distance covered, and time to exhaustion in endurance athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of altitude on game performance measures. Six NCAA Division I female soccer players (20.33 ± 1.21 y; 168 ± 6.45 cm; 62.5 ± 6.03 kg) were retrospectively examined. Comparisons were made between two competitions that were played at sea level (SL) within two weeks of …

Is There A Relationship Between Hip Structure, Hip Muscle Strength, And Lower Extremity Frontal Plane Kinematics During Treadmill Running?, Michael William Robinson Baggaley

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

INTRODUCTION: Excessive hip adduction (HADD) has been associated with a number of lower extremity overuse injuries, and it has been suggested that it may be the result of reduced strength of the hip abduction musculature. Hip structure has been postulated to influence both hip abduction (HABD) strength and HADD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip structure, HABD strength, and frontal plane kinematics during running. METHODS: Peak isometric HABD strength, lower extremity kinematics, femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA), and pelvis width-femur length (pw-fl) ratio were recorded for 25 female subjects. Pearson correlations (P < .05) were performed between variables. RESULTS: A fair relationship was observed between femoral NSA and HABD strength (r = …

The Effect Of A Nutrition Education Program On Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Intake, Body Composition And Perceived Sport Performance Among High School Athletes, Aaron Kyle Schwartz

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, body composition and perceived sport performance were measured before and after an eight week nutrition intervention. The sample consisted of eleven male high school football athletes aged 14-18 years old. Baseline nutrition knowledge was higher than anticipated but fruit and vegetable intake was low. As a result of the nutrition intervention, vegetable intake improved from 0.94 servings per day to 2.02 servings per day (p=0.02). Of the eleven subjects in the study, eleven conceded to both performing and feeling better as a result of the nutrition intervention. The present study suggests that a nutrition intervention can …

Concussions: Education For Coaches And Safe Return To Play For Athletes, Catherine Fettkether

Honors Program Theses

Head injuries can occur due to a variety of reasons, including falls, auto accidents, and contact sports. In 2010 the Center for Disease Control reported that 2.5 million traumatic brain injuries occurred in the United States. Any injury the body sustains requires that a person take the appropriate steps to have the most successful outcome. Appropriate action with an injury is not just limited to recovery, but being aware of the potential injury and acting accordingly. This is even more important when the injury is sustained by the brain. A situation in which brain injuries are becoming a larger issue …

Shoulder Impingement In Water Polo Players, Kelly A. Davis

Scripps Senior Theses

Water polo is a highly dynamic and physically demanding sport that has heretofore not inspired nearly as much research as other overhead sports such as baseball or swimming. As in almost all overhead sports, water polo puts its players at high risks for shoulder injuries since the motions required to perform the sport at an optimum level push the limits of normal shoulder function.

Human shoulders are inherently unstable as a tradeoff to their flexibility. Because of this instability, many structures are required to work concurrently to keep the shoulder in place. These structures include muscles, ligaments and cartilages. It …

The Validity And Inter-Unit Reliability Of Custom-Made Surftrax Gps Units And Use During Surfing, Oliver Farley, M Andrews, Josh Secomb, Tai T. Tran, Lina Lundgren, Chris Abbiss, Jeremry Sheppard

ECU Posters

The purposes of the study were to: i) gain further understanding of the movement patterns during surfing using custom made GPS units which are designed for surfing (SurfTraX, Gold Coast, Australia), and ii) determine the validity and inter-unit reliability of these units.

Identity Adaptation And The Potential For Psychological Growth Following Adversity For Injured Athletes, Alanna M. Riordan, Jill Tracey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The study was undertaken to gain a deeper understanding of the transition process out of competitive athletics experienced by competitive athletes after a career-limiting injury by examining three research questions: 1) What is the identity adaptation process of injured athletes? 2) To what extent, if any, do injured athletes experience growth following adversity? 3) What, if any, psychological skills are used in the injury/career transition processes? Nine former elite ath- letes were recruited through key informant sampling. There were three males and six females, with a mean age of 24.6 years. All participants sustained, at minimum, a season-ending injury and …

The Effect Of Stretching And Strengthening On Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Heather Hollinger

Departmental Honors Projects

Although there is considerable research on stretches and strengthening exercises that could help improve function, pain, strength, and flexibility associated with the symptoms of patellofemoral pain, more research on how beneficial stretching and strengthening is compared to just stretching is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of stretching and strengthening as compared to just stretching alone on flexibility, strength, function, and pain in participants with at least 50% of the symptoms and predispositions associated with patellofemoral pain. The design consisted of a control group that completed basic stretching, while the treatment group received stretching and …

Changes In Muscle Damage Markers In Female Basketball Players, A Moreira, Kazunori Nosaka, Ja Nunes, L Viveiros, A.Z. Jamurtas, M.S. Aoki

Research outputs 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in muscle soreness, blood muscle damage markers, muscle strength and agility following an official basketball match. Eleven elite female professional basketball players (27.4 ± 4.8 years, 179.5 ± 5.5 cm, 72.0 ± 7.8 kg) of a team participated in this study. The official match was the seventh match of the season in the first phase of the Brazilian National Female Basketball Championship. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity (CK), and myoglobin concentration (Mb) were determined before and after the match (post-match, 24 and 48 hours after the match). The 1RM …

Effect Of Vibration Foam Rolling And Non-Vibration Foam Rolling In The Lower Extremities On Jump Height, Undray Bailey

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a vibration stimulus combined with foam rolling yields better power output in the lower extremities during a countermovement jump (CMJ), than a group who uses foam rolling without vibration compared to no warm-up. Eighteen female and male participants, EWU athletes volunteered for this study but three were unable to complete all testing. The design was a randomized cross-over design so all participants served as their own control by participating in all three interventions which consist of; (a) no-warm-up, (b) non-vibration foam rolling (FRNV), and (c) vibration foam rolling (FRV). Post-intervention measurements …

Comparing Calorie Expenditure And Rating Of Perceived Exertion Between The Curve And A Motorized Treadmill, Nicholas Robertson

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

The purpose of this study was to determine if any difference in Calorie expenditure and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) exists when walking on the Curve or a motorized treadmill. Recruitment of participants was done through recruitment flyers placed on campus. After indicating interest, participants’ eligibility was determined by the PAR-Q and being unfamiliar with walking on the Curve. Twelve participants volunteered for the study (five males, seven females). The mean age of participants was 22.58 years ± 2.31 and mean weight was 76.96kg ± 16.19. On testing days, each participant was fitted with a polar heart rate monitor and …

The Effects Of Strength Training On Isometric Force Production Symmetry In Recreationally Trained Males, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher A. Bailey, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine what effect a bilateral strength training regimen has on isometric force production symmetry and if changes in force production symmetry can be accounted for by differences in pre-intervention strength levels. Design: Sixteen recreationally trained males (1-RM squat: 146.8 ± 23.0 kg.) were assigned to two groups for the 7-week training intervention: strong (S) and weak (W) based on pre-training squat isometric peak force allometrically scaled (IPFa) at 120° knee angle. Methods: Subjects completed a 7-week training intervention following a block-periodized model and were tested on measures of dynamic (1RM squat) and …

The Relationship Of Force Production Asymmetry And Performance In Athletes Of Different Strength Levels, Christopher A. Bailey, Caleb D. Bazyler, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force production asymmetry and performance of athletes with differing strength levels in males and females. Collegiate athletes (n=129) from various sports were ranked according to isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and the top (‘strong’) and bottom (‘weak’) 25% were used for analysis. Symmetry index (SI) scores were calculated and correlated with their respective force-time characteristics using bivariate correlations. For the weaker males, several negative moderate correlations were observed; however, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the females in either group. These findings indicate that force production asymmetry is …

Peroneal Reaction Time After Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Matthew C. Hoch, Patrick O. Mckeon

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: Many studies have examined the temporal response of the peroneal muscles to sudden inversion perturbation in patients with a previous ankle sprain. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence and determine whether peroneal reaction time (PRT) impairments are present after ankle sprain. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed Central and EBSCOhost (1965-January 2013). Articles were included if they 1) examined the PRT to sudden inversion perturbation in patients with a history of ankle sprain using a mechanical tilt platform, 2) made comparisons with a control group or contralateral limb with no …

Quantification Of Eccentric Load Using Accelerometer Imbedded In Gps, Chow Chea Yeo

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Global positioning system (GPS) with a triaxial accelerometer is widely used to monitor movements of athletes in games and training, and “body load” (BL) representing the accumulation of the rate of changes in three planes of movements is obtained to determine the training load of a session. Deceleration, change of directions and stopping require eccentric contractions of leg muscles, potentially causing muscle damage and affecting athletic performance. Thus, it is important to monitor eccentric loading in games and training. A variable known as “eccentric index” (EI) purports to be a better representation of eccentric loading than BL. However, it is …

Factors Influencing Pacing In Triathlon, Sam Shi Xuan Wu, Jeremiah P. Peiffer, Jeanick Brisswalter, Kazunori Nosaka, Chris Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Triathlon is a multisport event consisting of sequential swim, cycle, and run disciplines performed over a variety of distances. This complex and unique sport requires athletes to appropriately distribute their speed or energy expenditure (ie, pacing) within each discipline as well as over the entire event. As with most physical activity, the regulation of pacing in triathlon may be influenced by a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The majority of current research focuses mainly on the Olympic distance, whilst much less literature is available on other triathlon distances such as the sprint, half-Ironman, and Ironman distances. Furthermore, little is …

The Creation And Validation Of A Youth Fundamental Hitting Scale: The Assessment Of Youth Baseball And Softball Hitting Fundamentals And The Perceived Psychological Barriers To Hitting A Pitched Ball, Andrew Walsh

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The primary purpose of the thesis was to create a hitting scale for youth players that assess the fundamentals of a baseball swing. Secondly, the purpose of this thesis was to determine the interactions between the changes in anxiety, perceived competence and fear variables have with actual hitting competence over a four week sport specific training program.

Relative Importance And Plasticity Of Anatomical And Neuromuscular Factors Affecting Joint Torque Production, Joanne C. Trezise

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The present research aimed to determine (i) the relative influence anatomical and neuromuscular variables on maximal isometric, concentric and eccentric knee extensor torque (Study 1); (ii) whether the change in strength following a 10-week strength training program is associated with changes in specific anatomical and neuromuscular variables (Study 2a); (iii) whether anatomical and neuromuscular adaptations are dependent on their pre-training magnitudes; and (iv) whether it is possible to ‘predict’ an individual’s adaptation to strength training based on their anatomical and neuromuscular pre-training magnitudes (Study 2b).

The variables assessed throughout the studies include muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), fascicle length and angle …

Muscle Damage After A Tennis Match In Young Players, Rodrigo Vitasovic Gomes, Ricardo Santos, Ken Nosaka, Alexandre Moreira, Elen Miyabara, Marcelo Saldanha Aoki

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The present study investigated changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following a simulated tennis match play using nationally ranked young (17.6 ± 1.4 years) male tennis players. Ten young athletes played a 3-hour simulated match play on outdoor red clay courts following the International Tennis Federation rules. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity (CK), serum myoglobin concentration (Mb), one repetition maximum (1RM) squat strength, and squat jump (SJ) and counter movement jump (CMJ) heights were assessed before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 h after the simulated match play. All parameters were also evaluated in a non-exercised group (control …