Sports Sciences Commons^™

Energy In-Energy Out: A Balanced Equation?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article reports that many athletes are not ingesting an adequate number of calories from their diets. Fat and lean body mass become the sources for fuel for energy and this leads to lack of tissue growth. Exercise physiologists have calculated energy intake and energy expenditure metrics with recommendations.

Why Look At A Food Label?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article presents information on reading food labels to assist athletes in making better food choices. It discusses the six components required to appear on labels by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including product identity, net contents or number of servings per container, and the ingredient list. The key recommendations of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are presented. Daily values as an expression of a food's nutrient content are discussed.

Nutritional Concerns For Ethnically Diverse Athletes, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article discusses the variety of international nutritional guidelines, comparing the food guide pyramid of the United States to similar constructs such as the Chinese food guide pagoda. Athletic therapists are advised to consider culinary differences between cultures when advising ethnically diverse athletes on nutritional issues.

Red Bull: The Other Energy Drink And Its Effect On Performance, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article reports on Red Bull energy drink and its effectiveness. It is created with synthetic ingredients which are stated to be the best quality available from pharmaceutical companies. Caffeine is one of the key ingredients which is normally not found in sports energy drinks. The limited research concludes that taurine and glucuronolactone in Red Bull have not been proven to improve body functions.

Wheelchair Athletes’ Challenges With The 2007 Boston Maratho, Joseph H. Huber, J. L. Mackool

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article discusses the performance of wheelchair athletes at the 2007 Boston Marathon. A discussion of concerns about the safety of the participating wheelchair athletes in the marathon which were raised by bad weather at the event is presented. The results of the men's wheelchair division, which was won by Masazumi Soejima of Japan, the women's wheelchair division, which was won by Wakako Tsuchido of Japan, all time men's top ten finish times which were led by Ernst Van Dyk of South Africa, and the all time women's top ten finishers which were led by Jean Driscoll of Illinois are …

The Effects Of Glycerol Ingestion On Fluid Balance And Cardiovascular Hemodynamics In Males During Hypobaric Hypoxia, Julia Orri, Robert A. Robergs, Donna W. Lockner, David S. James, Ann L. Gibson, Erik Faria, Derek W. Marks, Heidi Weingart, Lance Dalleck

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

Acute altitude exposure causes a loss of total body water and plasma volume. Glycerol ingestion has been shown to be rapidly absorbed by the intestine, leading to increases in serum osmolality, plasma osmolality, and total body water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of glycerol ingestion on fluid balance and cardiovascular hemodynamics at rest and during exercise during hypobaric hypoxia. Twelve men (33 ± 8 yr, 177 ± 3 cm, 75 ± 11 kg, 52 ± 10 ml O2 · kg-1 · min-1) each completed 4, 3.5 hr trials in a randomized design: (A) 6% carbohydrate/electrolyte …

A Case Study Of Muscular Strength, Endurance, And Power Responses To A 6-Week High Intensity Training Program, John Amtmann, Edd, Kelly Amtmann, Msn, Rn, Jake Kukay, William K. Spath

Applied Health Sciences

We evaluated the muscular strength, endurance, and power responses of 12 college students, ranging in age from 19-40 years, who participated in a 6-wk high-intensity training program commonly used to improve muscular endurance. Muscular strength was measured by a one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press test and a 1RM Hammer bench press test; muscular endurance was measured by administering a 70-percent 1RM test to failure on the Hammer bench press; and upper body power was measured by adminstering a medicine ball throw test. We observed a 4.8-percent improvement of 2.7 kg on the bench press, a 14.6-percent improvement of 10.5 …

Risk Management Practices Of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: An Examination Of Policies And Procedures, Ericka Point Zimmerman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe (a) risk management practices of collegiate athletic trainers, (b) perceived risk management practices important to the collegiate athletic trainer, (c) risk management responsibilities of the head athletic trainer, and (d) resources utilized by collegiate athletic trainers in the development of a risk management plan. Risk management practices were divided into 13 categories: (a) periodic review, (b) consultation, (c) periodic in-services of policies, (d) periodic inservices for personnel, (e) methods for insuring against loss, (f) participation and consent of athletes, (g) emergencies, (h) care and treatment of injuries and conditions, (i) …

Enhanced Balance Associated With Coordination Training With Stochastic Resonance Stimulation In Subjects With Functional Ankle Instability: An Experimental Trial, Scott E. Ross, Brent L. Arnold, J. Troy Blackburn, Cathleen N. Brown, Kevin M. Guskiewicz

Kinesiology and Health Sciences Publications

Background

Ankle sprains are common injuries that often lead to functional ankle instability (FAI), which is a pathology defined by sensations of instability at the ankle and recurrent ankle sprain injury. Poor postural stability has been associated with FAI, and sports medicine clinicians rehabilitate balance deficits to prevent ankle sprains. Subsensory electrical noise known as stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation has been used in conjunction with coordination training to improve dynamic postural instabilities associated with FAI. However, unlike static postural deficits, dynamic impairments have not been indicative of ankle sprain injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the …

Back In The Saddle Again: How To Prevent Cycling Saddle Sores, Michael G. Miller, David C. Berry

Human Performance and Health Education Faculty Research

Any individuals cycle, competitively or recreationally, for enjoyment or to increase fitness. Although cycling can increase overall cardiovascular fitness while imposing minimal stress on the lower extremity joints, cycling for an extended period of time may render an individual susceptible to undesirable conditions, including tendonitis, bursitis, nerve pathology, impotence, and more commonly, saddle (seat) soreness. Saddle sores usually present as skin lesions of the inner groin and inguinal fold, which are commonly classified into three categories on the basis of severity: (a) chafing, (b) skin ulcerations, and (c) furuncles and folliculitis. The purpose of this report is to discuss different …

Ponderal Somatograms Assess Changes In Anthropometric Measurements Over An Academic Year In Division Iii Collegiate Football Players, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury, David F. Petrie, Frank I. Katch

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Ponderal somatograms evaluate body size and shape by converting muscular (shoulders, chest, biceps, forearm, thigh, calf) and nonmuscular (abdomen, hips, knee, ankle, wrist) girths into ponderal equivalent (PE) values. Anthropometric measurements, including stature, body mass, girths, and percent body fat by densitometry were collected in 54 Division III football players in preseason camp (fall) and at the beginning (winter) and end (spring) of the team strength and conditioning program. PE values were calculated for each girth as PE, kg = (girth, cm / k) squared x stature, dm, where k = k constant from Behnke's reference man. PE values were …

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation And Indicators Of Muscle Damage After Endurance Exercise, Beau K. Greer, John L. Woodard, Jim P. White, Eric M. Arguello, Emily M. Haymes

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage during endurance exercise as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained men performed three 90-min cycling bouts at 55% VO_2peak. Subjects, blinded to beverage selection, ingested a total of 200 kcal of energy via the CHO or BCAA beverage before and at 60 min of exercise, or they drank the PLAC beverage. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic leg-extension and -flexion torque, and muscle soreness were assessed before and …

The Influence Of Physical Activity, Eating Habits, And Social Physique Anxiety On Obesity In Adolescent Females, Rachel Marie Hardesty

Masters Theses

Childhood obesity is becoming a more serious problem as time goes by. A large part of the problem is adolescent children are less active, have poor eating habits, and have negative feelings regarding their body shape. PURPOSE: In order to identify those factors most closely associated with obesity. This study compared the eating patterns, activity patterns, and social physique anxiety in non-obese to over weight and obese adolescent females. Also, this study investigated the relationships between eating patterns, activity patterns, and social physique anxiety to body mass index in adolescent females in order to identify those factors most closely associated …

Correction Factors For Body Mass In Military Physical Fitness Tests, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recent research findings combined with the theoretical laws of biological similarity make the compelling case that all physical fitness test items for the Army, Air Force, and Navy impose a 15-20% physiologic bias against heavier, not fatter, men and women. Using the published findings that actual scores of muscle and aerobic endurance scale by body mass raised to the 1/3 power, correction factor tables were developed. This correction factor can be multiplied by one’s actual score (e.g., push-ups, sit-ups, abdominal crunches, or curl-ups repetitions or distance run time) to yield adjusted scores that are free of body mass bias. These …

Recurrent Burner Syndrome Due To Presumed Cervical Spine Osteoblastoma In A Collision Sport Athlete - A Case Report., Ilan Elias, Michael A Pahl, Adam C Zoga, Maurice L Goins, Alexander R Vaccaro

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

We present a case of a 35-year-old active rugby player presenting with a history of recurrent burner syndrome thought secondary to an osteoblastoma involving the posterior arch of the atlas. Radiographically, the lesion had features typical for a large osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma, including osseous expansion, peripheral sclerosis and bony hypertrophy, internal lucency, and even suggestion of a central nidus. The patient subsequently underwent an en bloc resection of the posterior atlas via a standard posterior approach. The surgery revealed very good clinical results. In this report, we will discuss in detail, the presentation, treatment, and return to play recommendations …

The Reproducibility Of An Isokinetic Testing Technique At The Ankle Joint, Katherine E. Morrison, Thomas W. Kaminski

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Women's Basketball Media Guide 2007-2008, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Football Media Guide 2007, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Reliability Of Kinematics And Kinetics Associated With Horizontal Single Leg Drop Jump Assessment: A Brief Report, M. Stalbom, D.J. Holm, John Cronin, J.W.L. Keogh

Research outputs pre 2011

Determining the reliability of a unilateral horizontal drop jump for displacement provided the focus for this research. Eighteen male subjects were required to step off a 20cm box and land on a force plate with one leg and thereafter jump for maximal horizontal displacement on two different days. Dependent variables from the jump assessment included mean and peak vertical (V) and horizontal (H) ground reaction forces (GRF) and impulses, horizontal displacement and contact time. The between-trial variability of all kinematic and kinetic measures was less than 7%. The most consistent measure over both trials was the horizontal displacement jumped (1.2 …

Changes In Power Assessed By The Wingate Anaerobic Test Following Downhill Running, Carmel Nottle, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

The Psychology Of Motivation In Sport, Nicholas Salomone

Whittier Scholars Program

The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview of motivation theory in sport psychology. Beginning with self-confidence in sport, the basic models will be presented, showing how each built upon the last to create a more and more comprehensive and reliable structure for the measurement and evaluation of motivational style. From there, the models of causal attribution, which have evolved from Heider’s 1958 unidimensional structure to Weiner’s revised multidimensional models, will be covered. Nicholls’ (1984) goal perspective theory will then be discussed with emphasis on types of goal orientation and their positive and negative connotations. The self-determination …

Meeting The Interests Of Adolescent Females In Physical Education, Sarah Marie Huffer

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study is to compare the activities of interest of adolescent females in physical education with the types of activities that are provided in their present physical education curriculum at the representative high school. Creating a parallel between activities of interest and activities within physical education curriculums will provide females with more motivation to be physically active while in high school and after they graduate.

Fear Of Failure, Experience, And Division As Predictors Of State Anxiety In Usfa Epee Fencers, Elizabeth Helen Athanas

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Research looks for the sources of state anxiety for individual athletes prior to competition, which can be debilitating (Gould, 1993; Gould, Horn & Spreeman, 1983). Non-elite athletes who are high trait anxious (possibly fear of failure) have higher state anxiety than elite athletes (Conroy, 2002; Gould, Horn & Spreeman, 1983). Fencers may be prone to elevated state anxiety. No research links these variables together in fencing. The purpose of the study is to examine fear of failure, experience, and division as predictors of state anxiety for epee fencers prior to competition. Epee fencers (N = 145) who competed in the …

Influence Of A Functional Knee Brace And Exercise On Lower Extremity Kinematics During Jogging, Brian M. Campbell, Daniel Cipriani, James A. Yaggie

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

ABSTRACT Context: Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee joint. Objective: To determine if alterations in sagittal plane lower extremity kinematics remain evident throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals. Design: 2X5 repeated measures design. Setting: Biomechanics Laboratory. Subjects: Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups. Intervention: A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments. Main Outcome Measures: Synchronized three-dimensional …

Assessment Of Static Balance Ability In An Athletic Pediatric Population, Cailyn Rogers

Theses : Honours

There is a large amount of conjecture surrounding the reliability of methods of balance assessment and the outcome variables used to assess balance in pediatric populations. There has also been limited research conducted on the balance ability of an athletic pediatric population, and the factors which may affect that ability. The purpose of this research is firstly to determine the reliability of postural sway measures used to assess balance including: average displacement of the centre of pressure in the mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions relative to both the centre of the plate and the centre of the base of support; peak …

Development Of A Core Stability Model, Tricia Lynn Majewski-Haak

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The concept of core stability has transcended physical medicine as well as health and physical performance. It is now considered a fundamental component of general fitness and rehabilitation programming. However, the definition of core stability, its components, and the assessment techniques have not been established. The purpose of this project was to develop a comprehensive core stability model addressing its definition, components, and assessment techniques. The methods utilized in this study incorporated the Delphi technique to develop a unified core stability model.

A group of 15 content experts from United States and Canada, representing a variety of disciplines, participated in …

The Effect Of Three Rest Intervals After A High Intensity Training Protocol On Speed And Strength Variables In Division I Track And Field Sprinters And Jumpers, Eric Lee Hanenberger

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three different recovery periods (2, 4 or 6 days) after a high intensity strength training protocol on speed and strength variables in Division I track and field sprinters and jumpers. Methods: Research participants (RP) were assessed in a lower body strength test using a back squat one repetition maximum (lRM). A week of recovery was administered following the lower body strength test. A pre-test was administered to establish baseline values on speed and strength variables. Speed variables included 18.3, 36.6 and 54.9 m sprint times and SPLIT 1 (18.3 …

The Effect Of Concurrent Resistance And Endurance Training On Physiological And Performance Parameters Of Well Trained Endurance Cyclists, Gregory T. Levin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Purpose: To investigate the effect of concurrent resistance and cycle training on the physiological and performance characteristics of well trained cyclists. Secondly, this study aimed to investigate the reliability of a new cycling time-trial test that incorporated repeated high-intensity sprint segments, both prior to and after a training intervention, with well trained cyclists.

A Series Of Studies On Professional Rugby League Players, Daniel G. Baker

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Rugby league football is a popular game in Australia, which appears to rely heavily upon strength, power, speed and endurance due to the nature of the phyiscal contacts. In an effort to discern the importance of upper body strength, power speed and endurance to rugby league players a retrospective data analysis was performed. Three areas of investigation were: 1) the testing of upper body physical qualities of strength, power, speed and strength-endurance and their significance to playing status in the elite national first-division (NRL), second-division (SRL) and third-division (CRL), 2) the effect of acute training variable manipulations upon power output …

Assessment And Enhancement Of Lower Extremity Power Of Athletes, Naruhiro Hori

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

STUDY 1: RELIABILITY OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS DERIVED FROM GROUND REACTION FORCE DATA DURING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP AND INFLUENCE OF SAMPLING FREQUENCY. STUDY 2: COMPARISON OF FOUR DIFFERENT METHODS TO MEASURE POWER OUTPUT DURING THE HANG POWER CLEAN AND THE WEIGHTED JUMP SQUAT. STUDY 3: DOES PERFORMANCE OF HANG POWER CLEAN DIFFERENTIATE PERFORMANCE OF JUMPING, SPRINTING, AND CHANGING OF DIRECTION? STUDY 4: COMPARISON OF WEIGHTED JUMP SQUAT TRAINING WITH AND WITHOUT ECCENTRIC BRAKING.