Sports Sciences Commons^™

Pre-Training Muscle Characteristics Of Subjects Who Are Obese Determine How Well Exercise Training Will Improve Their Insulin Responsiveness, Charles A. Stuart, Michelle L. Lee, Mark A. South, Mary E. A. Howell, Brian M. Cartwright, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Mark A. South

Pre-training muscle characteristics of subjects who are obese determine how well exercise training will improve their insulin responsiveness. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 798–808, 2017—Only half of prediabetic subjects who are obese who underwent exercise training without weight loss increased their insulin responsiveness. We hypothesized that those who improved their insulin responsiveness might have pretraining characteristics favoring a positive response to exercise training. Thirty nondiabetic subjects who were obese volunteered for 8 weeks of either strength training or endurance training. During training, subjects increased their caloric intake to prevent weight loss. Insulin responsiveness by euglycemic clamps and muscle fiber composition, …

Insulin Responsiveness In Metabolic Syndrome After Eight Weeks Of Cycle Training, Charles A. Stuart, Mark A. South, Michelle L. Lee, Melanie P. Mccurry, Mary E. A. Howell, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Mark A. South

Introduction Insulin resistance in obesity is decreased after successful diet and exercise. Aerobic exercise training alone was evaluated as an intervention in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.

Methods Eighteen nondiabetic, sedentary subjects, 11 with the metabolic syndrome, participated in 8 wk of increasing intensity stationary cycle training.

Results Cycle training without weight loss did not change insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome subjects or sedentary control subjects. Maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), activated muscle AMP-dependent kinase, and muscle mitochondrial marker ATP synthase all increased. Strength, lean body mass, and fat mass did not change. The activated mammalian target of rapamycin was not …

The Acute Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance, W. Guy Hornsby, Mark A. South, Ashley Kavanaugh, Andrew S. Layne, G. Gregory Haff, William A. Sands, Marco Cardinale, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Mark A. South

Acute exposure to vibration has been suggested to produce transient increases in muscular strength (1,2,8), vertical jump displacement (4,8), and power output (2,6,7) recorded while performing various tasks. It has been hypothesized that the reported acute vibration induced increases in performance occur as a result of alterations in neuromuscular stimulation (1,3,4). Specifically, most studies have ascribed the observed improvements to the likeliness of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) in producing a “tonic vibration reflex” (TVR) in which the primary nerve endings of the Ia afferents of the muscle spindle are activated. This is thought to result in the excitation of the …

The Impact Of Power Training On Balance And Visual Feedback Removal, Juliana Bouton

Juliana Bouton

Isometric Force Production Symmetry And Jumping Performance In Collegiate Athletes, Chris A. Bailey, Kimitake Sato, Ryan Alexander, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in weighted and un-weighted static and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ). Design: Bivariate correlation between isometric force production symmetry and vertical jump performance variables. Methods: Collegiate athletes were evaluated for this study (n=36). Subjects performed SJ, CMJ, and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP). Jumps were analyzed for jump height (JH) and peak power (PP). IMTP was analyzed for peak force (PF) for left and right sides, and values were calculated to produce a peak force symmetry index (PF-SI) score. Correlational statistics were …

Relationship Between Concentric Velocities At Varying Intensity In The Back Squat Using A Wireless Inertial Sensor, Kevin M. Carroll, Kimitake Sato, George K. Beckham, N. Travis Triplett, Cameron V. Griggs, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of velocities in the back squat between one repetition maximum (1RM) and submaximally loaded repetition maximum (RM) conditions, specifically in regard to what has been described as the minimal velocity threshold (MVT). The MVT describes a minimum concentric velocity that an individual must reach or surpass in order to successfully complete a repetition. Design: To test the presence of a MVT, participants were tested for 1RM and RM back squat ability. The mean concentric veloci ties (MCV) of the last successful repetition of each condition were then compared. Methods: …

Neuromuscular Adaptations Following Training And Protein Supplementation In A Group Of Trained Weightlifters, Christopher B. Taber, Kevin Carroll, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Charles Stuart, Mary Howell, Kenton Hall, Caleb D. Bazyler, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a recovery supplement compared with a placebo on muscle morphology in trained weightlifters. Vastus lateralis and muscle fiber cross sectional area of type I and type II fibers were compared between groups using a series of 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated measure ANOVAs. Both groups on average improved cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis, type I and type II muscle fibers from pre-to-post but individual response varied within both groups. Greater magnitude of changes in type I and type II muscle fibers were observed for the placebo …

Kinetic And Kinematic Asymmetries During Unloaded And Loaded Static Jumps, Chris A. Bailey, Kimitake Sato, Brian Johnson, William A. Sands, Angus Burnett, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

Abstract available in the Annual coaches and Sport Science College.

Differences In Semg Between Normal Squats And Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Squats In Competitive Collegiate Weightlifters, Christopher Macdonalds, Kimitake Sato, Christian Carter, Hugh Lamont, William Sands, Michael H. Stone, Michael Israetel, Jeremy A. Gentles, Jason Cholewa, John Garner, Michael Ramsey, Guy Hornsby

Jeremy A. Gentles

The purpose of the present work was to compare the effect of accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) squats to normally loaded (NOR) squats on surface measured muscle activation (sEMG) in competitive weightlifters. Eight experienced, competitive weightlifters (six males, two females) completed both an AEL and NOR squat session (seven days apart), comprised of nine sets of squats, and was identical to their normal scheduled training. sEMG data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) was collected (at 1000Hz) during the entirety of the concentric (CON) phases of the AEL and NOR sessions. RMANOVAs (set x session-type) …

Relationships Between Jump Characteristics Of Collegiate Female Athletes Competing In Different Disciplines, Christopher J. Macdonalds, Hugh S. Lamont, John C. Garner, Jeremy A. Gentles, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

Jeremy A. Gentles

No abstract provided.

Cell Free Dna As A Marker Of Training Status In Weightlifters, Jeremy A. Gentles, William G. Hornsby, Christine L. Coniglio, Andy R. Dotterweich, Jon A. Miller, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

Jeremy A. Gentles

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the changes in cf-DNA as it relates to fluctuations in resistance training workloads and intensities. The relationship between cell free DNA (cf-DNA), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone-cortisol ratio (T:C), body mass and body composition were also examined. Eight weightlifters (5 males and 3 females, age = 25 ± 3.5 yr, body mass = 88.3 ± 22.7 kg, height = 173.8 ±8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Venous blood samples, body mass and body composition were taken six times, each corresponding to the end of …

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The Effects Of Strength Training On Isometric Force Production Symmetry In Recreationally Trained Males, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher A. Bailey, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine what effect a bilateral strength training regimen has on isometric force production symmetry and if changes in force production symmetry can be accounted for by differences in pre-intervention strength levels. Design: Sixteen recreationally trained males (1-RM squat: 146.8 ± 23.0 kg.) were assigned to two groups for the 7-week training intervention: strong (S) and weak (W) based on pre-training squat isometric peak force allometrically scaled (IPFa) at 120° knee angle. Methods: Subjects completed a 7-week training intervention following a block-periodized model and were tested on measures of dynamic (1RM squat) and …

Maximum Strength, Rate Of Force Development, Jump Height, And Peak Power Alterations In Weightlifters Across Five Months Of Training, W. Guy Hornsby, Jeremy A. Gentles, Christopher J. Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

The purpose of this monitoring study was to investigate how alterations in training affect changes in force-related characteristics and weightlifting performance. Subjects: Seven competitive weightlifters participated in the study. Methods: The weightlifters performed a block style periodized plan across 20 weeks. Force plate data from the isometric mid-thigh pull and static jumps with 0 kg, 11 kg, and 20 kg were collected near the end of each training block (weeks 1, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 20). Weightlifting performance was measured at weeks 0, 7, 11, and 20. Results: Very strong correlations were noted between weightlifting performances and isometric rate …

A Mandala: A Diagram Of The Clinical Education Experience In Athletic Training, Steve Cernohous, Sharon A. West-Sell

Sharon West-Sell

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the practical use of a Mandala that: 1) provides opportunities for athletic training students to explore, reflect on and appreciate their clinical experiences; 2) provides educators with a model to understand and value athletic training student experiences; 3) organizes and captures factors and associated relationships that influence the athletic training student's clinical experience; and 4) provides impetus for further research and discussion between and among athletic training educators.

Background: Athletic training educators often find it difficult to demonstrate and assess the behavioral component of learning. Creative teaching strategies and exercises that …

The Acute Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance, W. Guy Hornsby, Mark A. South, Ashley Kavanaugh, Andrew S. Layne, G. Gregory Haff, William A. Sands, Marco Cardinale, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Michael W. Ramsey

Acute exposure to vibration has been suggested to produce transient increases in muscular strength (1,2,8), vertical jump displacement (4,8), and power output (2,6,7) recorded while performing various tasks. It has been hypothesized that the reported acute vibration induced increases in performance occur as a result of alterations in neuromuscular stimulation (1,3,4). Specifically, most studies have ascribed the observed improvements to the likeliness of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) in producing a “tonic vibration reflex” (TVR) in which the primary nerve endings of the Ia afferents of the muscle spindle are activated. This is thought to result in the excitation of the …

Pre-Training Muscle Characteristics Of Subjects Who Are Obese Determine How Well Exercise Training Will Improve Their Insulin Responsiveness, Charles A. Stuart, Michelle L. Lee, Mark A. South, Mary E. A. Howell, Brian M. Cartwright, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Michael W. Ramsey

Pre-training muscle characteristics of subjects who are obese determine how well exercise training will improve their insulin responsiveness. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 798–808, 2017—Only half of prediabetic subjects who are obese who underwent exercise training without weight loss increased their insulin responsiveness. We hypothesized that those who improved their insulin responsiveness might have pretraining characteristics favoring a positive response to exercise training. Thirty nondiabetic subjects who were obese volunteered for 8 weeks of either strength training or endurance training. During training, subjects increased their caloric intake to prevent weight loss. Insulin responsiveness by euglycemic clamps and muscle fiber composition, …

Resting Hormone Alterations And Injuries: Block Vs. Dup Weight-Training Among D-1 Track And Field Athletes, Keith B. Painter, G. Gregory Haff, N. Travis Triplett, Charles Stuart, Guy Hornsby, Mike W. Ramsey, Caleb D. Bazyler, Michael H. Stone

Michael W. Ramsey

Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been advocated as a superior method of resistance training, while traditional forms of programming for periodization (Block) have been questioned. Nineteen Division I track and field athletes were assigned to either a 10-week Block or DUP training group. Year and event were controlled. Over the course of the study, there were four testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics, including maximum isometric strength, rate of force development, and one repetition maximum (1RM). Although, performance trends favored the Block group for strength and rate of force …

Insulin Responsiveness In Metabolic Syndrome After Eight Weeks Of Cycle Training, Charles A. Stuart, Mark A. South, Michelle L. Lee, Melanie P. Mccurry, Mary E. A. Howell, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Michael W. Ramsey

Introduction Insulin resistance in obesity is decreased after successful diet and exercise. Aerobic exercise training alone was evaluated as an intervention in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.

Methods Eighteen nondiabetic, sedentary subjects, 11 with the metabolic syndrome, participated in 8 wk of increasing intensity stationary cycle training.

Results Cycle training without weight loss did not change insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome subjects or sedentary control subjects. Maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), activated muscle AMP-dependent kinase, and muscle mitochondrial marker ATP synthase all increased. Strength, lean body mass, and fat mass did not change. The activated mammalian target of rapamycin was not …

The Demands Of A Women's College Soccer Season, Jeremy A. Gentles, Christine L. Coniglio, Matthew M. Besemer, Joshua M. Morgan, Michael T. Mahnken

Jeremy A. Gentles

No abstract provided.

Utilizing Weightlifting For Cycling Performance, Nicholas J. Fiolo, Christopher B. Taber, Caleb D. Bazyler, Cody T. Haun, Robert Duncan, Aaron M. Thomas, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

Using The Minimax Accelerometer To Quantify The Demands Of Preseason Training In Ncaa Volleyball: A Descriptive Case-Study Study, Christopher J. Sole, Nobuhisa Yoshida, Bradley A. Alban, Caleb D. Bazyler, Satoshi Mizuguchi

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

The Efficacy Of Partial Squats On Measures Of Strength And Explosiveness: An Exploratory Study, Caleb D. Bazyler, Kimitake Sato, Craig A. Wassinger, Hugh S. Lamont, Michael H. Stone

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 8th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

The Relationship Of Force Production Asymmetry And Performance In Athletes Of Different Strength Levels, Christopher A. Bailey, Caleb D. Bazyler, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

Caleb D. Bazyler

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force production asymmetry and performance of athletes with differing strength levels in males and females. Collegiate athletes (n=129) from various sports were ranked according to isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and the top (‘strong’) and bottom (‘weak’) 25% were used for analysis. Symmetry index (SI) scores were calculated and correlated with their respective force-time characteristics using bivariate correlations. For the weaker males, several negative moderate correlations were observed; however, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the females in either group. These findings indicate that force production asymmetry is …

Preparing For A National Weightlifting Championships: A Case Series, S. Kyle Travis, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael H. Stone, William A. Sands, Caleb D. Bazyler

Caleb D. Bazyler

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring an athlete’s psychological, physiological, and performance level is important when preparing for a major competition. No study to date has tracked a high-level weightlifter peaking for a major competition all the way up to the day of competition. Assessing performance at a competition is vital to ascertain if the athlete has reached a peaked and if peak performance will actually be expressed during the competition. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine when peak jumping performance was achieved and whether psychological or physiological variables explained any jump performance changes in a high-level female weightlifter preparing …

Force Output Comparison Between Six U.S. Collegiate Athletic Teams., Caleb D. Bazyler, George Beckham, Howard Gray, Guy Hornsby, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Christopher Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael H. Stone, Michael H. Stone

Caleb D. Bazyler

The aim of the study was to compare allometrically scaled peak force and the force at 250 ms between six U.S. collegiate sport teams using isometric mid-thigh pull. Ninety subjects performed maximum effort of isometric mid-thigh pull to measure force output. The data were averaged within the teams, and statistically compared between teams using one-way ANOVA (p=.01). Significant difference was found that men’s soccer and baseball produced higher allometrically scaled peak force, and men’s soccer, tennis, and baseball produced higher allometrically scaled force at 250 ms. The data indicates that not all sports possess similar strength characteristics because of the …

Analysis Of Changes In Muscle Architecture And Explosive Ability In Ncaa Division I Volleyball Players, Caleb D. Bazyler, Jacob R. Goodin, Conrad Rapp, Mark Disanto, Frank Smith, Michael H. Stone

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 10th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

Analysis Of Changes In Strength, Explosiveness, And Agility Performance Over An Ncaa Division I Tennis Career: A Case Study, Caleb D. Bazyler, Jacob R. Goodin, George Beckham, H. Santana, M. Swartz, Ashley A. Kavanaugh

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

An Exploratory Study On The Use Of Concentric Velocities In The Back Squat As A Monitoring Tool, Kevin M. Carroll, Josh D. Christovich, Caleb D. Bazyler, Nicholas J. Fiolo, George K. Beckham, Kimitake Sato

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

Application Of Principal Components Analysis In Kinetics Study For Isometric Squat, Junshi Liu, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher B. Taber, Tony Pustina, Satoshi Mizuguchi

Caleb D. Bazyler

Abstract available in the 10th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .