Sports Sciences Commons^™

Muscle Fatigue During Maximal Eccentric-Only, Concentric-Only, And Eccentric-Concentric Bicep Curl Exercise With Automated Drop Setting, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE) machines are new technology purported to adjust resistance exercise loads in response to muscle fatigue. The present study examined muscle fatigue (strength loss, fatigue perceptions) during maximal eccentric-only (ECCmax-only), concentric-only (CONmax-only), and coupled ECC-CON (ECCmax-CONmax) bicep curl exercise on a CARE machine. Eleven men and nine women completed the three protocols in separate sessions and in random order. All protocols included 4 sets of 20 maximal effort muscle contractions. Strength loss was calculated as Set 4 set end load minus Set 1 highest load. The CARE machine's algorithm adjusted resistances automatically, permitting continued maximal effort …

Differences In Trapezius Muscle H-Reflex Between Asymptomatic Subjects And Symptomatic Shoulder Pain Subjects, Ana S.C. Melo, Janet L. Taylor, Ricardo Ferreira, Bruno Cunha, Manuel Ascenção, Mathieu Fernandes, Vítor Sousa, Eduardo B. Cruz, J. Paulo Vilas-Boas, Andreia S.P. Sousa

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In chronic shoulder pain, adaptations in the nervous system such as in motoneuron excitability, could contribute to impairments in scapular muscles, perpetuation and recurrence of pain and reduced improvements during rehabilitation. The present cross-sectional study aims to compare trapezius neural excitability between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. In 12 participants with chronic shoulder pain (symptomatic group) and 12 without shoulder pain (asymptomatic group), the H reflex was evoked in all trapezius muscle parts, through C3/4 nerve stimulation, and the M-wave through accessory nerve stimulation. The current intensity to evoke the maximum H reflex, the latency and the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of …

The Validity Of Hawkin Dynamics Wireless Dual Force Plates For Measuring Countermovement Jump And Drop Jump Variables †, Andrew J. Badby, Peter D. Mundy, Paul Comfort, Jason P. Lake, John J. Mcmahon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Force plate testing is becoming more commonplace in sport due to the advent of commercially available, portable, and affordable force plate systems (i.e., hardware and software). Following the validation of the Hawkin Dynamics Inc. (HD) proprietary software in recent literature, the aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of the HD wireless dual force plate hardware for assessing vertical jumps. During a single testing session, the HD force plates were placed directly atop two adjacent Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc. in-ground force plates (the “gold standard”) to simultaneously collect vertical ground reaction forces produced by 20 participants (27 …

Moderate To Vigorous-Intensity Continuous Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training For Improving Vo2max In Women: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Robert Lindner, Isaac Selva Raj, Angela W. H. Yang, Shadman Zaman, Brianna Larsen, Joshua Denham

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Traditional continuous training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). However, there is conflicting evidence regarding which form of training demonstrates the greatest improvements to VO2max, and data in women is sparse. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess whether moderate to vigorous-intensity continuous training (MVICT) or HIIT was superior at improving VO2max in women. Randomised controlled and parallel studies examined the influence of MVICT and/or HIIT on VO2max in women. There was no statistical difference in VO2max improvements after training between women in the MVICT and HIIT cohorts (mean difference [MD]: −0.42, 95%CI: …

Low Pre-Season Hamstring-To-Quadriceps Strength Ratio Identified In Players Who Further Sustained In-Season Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Retrospective Study From A Brazilian Serie A Team, Filipe Veeck, Cassio V. Ruas, Matheus Daros Pinto, Rafael Grazioli, Gustavo Pacheco Cardoso, Thiago Albuquerque, Lucas Schipper, Henrique Gonçalves Valente, Victor H. Santos, Márcio Dornelles, Paulo Rabaldo, Clarice S. Rocha, Bruno Manfredini Baroni, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, Ronei Silveira Pinto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

A common pre-season injury prevention assessment conducted by professional football clubs is the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio calculated by peak torque (PT). However, it is debatable whether players that present low pre-season H:Q ratios are more susceptible to further sustaining in-season hamstring strain injuries (HSI). Based upon retrospective data from a Brazilian Serie A football squad, a particular season came to our attention as ten out of seventeen (~59%) professional male football players sustained HSI. Therefore, we examined the pre-season H:Q ratios of these players. H:Q conventional (CR) and functional (FR) ratios, and the respective knee extensor/flexor PT from the …

“I Lied A Little Bit.” A Qualitative Study Exploring The Perspectives Of Elite Australian Athletes On Self-Reported Data, Molly Coventry, Amanda Timler, Andrea B. Mosler, Kylie Russell, Mervyn Travers, Lauren Mitchell Oam, Myles C. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Explore the perceptions and experiences of elite Australian athletes’ engagement with reporting data in surveillance systems. Design: Qualitative Descriptive. Setting: Semi-structured interviews conducted using Zoom. Participants: We recruited 13 elite Australian athletes competing at a national or international level for semi-structured interviews. Main outcome measures: Audio recordings were transcribed using DeScript, checked for errors and imported into QSR NVIVO. Thematic analysis using QSR NVIVO was used to determine key themes from transcripts. Results: Thematic analysis uncovered four key themes: ‘the paradox of reporting’, ‘data for data's sake’, ‘eyes on reporting’ and ‘athlete friendly reporting’. Conclusion: Athletes perceived reporting as …

Running Marathons In High School: A 5-Year Review Of Injury In A Structured Training Program, Mary A. Kennedy, Lauren V. Fortington, Matt Penney, Nicolas H. Hart, Pierre A. D’Hemecourt, Dai Sugimoto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: The aim in this study was to quantify the number, nature, and severity of injuries sustained by male and female high school students who took part in a running training program that culminated in the completion of a half or full marathon. Design: This study is a retrospective clinical audit. Methods: Injury reports from high school students (grades 9 – 12) who participated in a half or full marathon 30-week progressive training program comprising four training days per week (three running days and one cross-training day) were reviewed. The number of runners completing a marathon, together with the number, …

Effect Of Additional Nordic Hamstring Exercise Or Sprint Training On The Modifiable Risk Factors Of Hamstring Strain Injuries And Performance, Nicholas J. Ripley, Matthew Cuthbert, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has commonly been investigated in isolation, however, within practice multiple modalities are commonly incorporated. However, the NHE has a low level of compliance within sport, with sprinting being potentially being preferred. The present study aimed to observe the effect of a lower-limb program with either additional NHE or sprinting on the modifiable risk factors hamstring strain injury (HSI) and athletic performance. 38 collegiate athletes were randomly assigned into three groups: control standardised lower-limb training program (n = 10 (2 female, 8 male), age = 23.50 ± 2.95 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.09 m, mass …

Citation Impact And Reach Of The Ioc Sport And Exercise Medicine Consensus Statements, Lauren V. Fortington, Rebecca N. Handcock, Wayne Derman, Carolyn A. Emery, Kati Pasanen, Martin Schwellnus, Evert Verhagen, Caroline F. Finch

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Research evidence is commonly compiled into expert-agreed consensus statements or guidelines, with an increasing trend towards their publication in peer-reviewed journals. Prominent among these has been the publication of several International Olympic Committee (IOC) tatements to help inform sport and exercise medicine (SEM) practice. This study aimed to assess the citation impact and reach of the IOC statements published between 2003 and 2020. Method: Bibliometric analysis focused on identifying core publications (original statement and linked publications) and quantifying their academic citations (number and Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI)) in journal articles up to February 2022. The analysis includes descriptive data …

Validity And Reliability Of Inertial Measurement System For Linear Movement Velocity In Flywheel Squat Exercise, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Kazunori Nosaka, Jesús Alarcón-Gómez, Fernando Martín-Rivera

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of an Inertial Measurement System integrated into a secondary pulley (IMS) for determining linear velocity during flywheel squat exercises. Thirty-one male participants who were highly experienced in a flywheel resistance exercise training performed flywheel squat exercises with three incremental loads, and mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and max velocity (Vmax) of the exercises were simultaneously recorded with a validated linear encoder and the IMS, in two different sessions. Validity was analyzed using ordinary least products regression (OLP), Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Hedge’s g for …

Experience, Training Preferences, And Fighting Style Are Differentially Related To Measures Of Body Composition, Strength, And Power In Male Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Athletes - A Pilot Study, Christian G. Almeda, Gerald T. Mangine, Zackary H. Green, Yuri Feito, Duncan N. French

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

To examine relationships between Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) descriptors (belt rank, experience, gi preference, and fighting style), resistance training (RT) experience, and measures of body composition, strength (maximal handgrip, 3-5-repetition maximum [RM] in barbell glute bridge [GB], prone bench row [PBR], and bench press [BP]), and velocity (GB, PBR, and BP at 7 kg and 30 – 60 % 1-RM), 13 experienced (4.3 ± 3.4 years) BJJ athletes were recruited for this cross-sectional, pilot study. Significant (p < 0.05) Kendall’s tau and Bayesian relationships were seen between belt rank and body fat percentage (τ = − 0.53, BF₁₀ = 6.5), BJJ experience and body fat percentage (τ = − 0.44 to − 0.66, BF₁₀ = 2.6 – 30.8) and …

Adaptive Goal Processes And Underlying Motives That Sustain Mental Wellbeing And New Year Exercise Resolutions, Joanne M. Dickson, Amelia Hart, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Christopher D. Huntley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Exercise resolutions are the most common goals people set each New Year. However, research has rarely examined adaptive goal processes and motives that may maintain wellbeing and resolution pursuit. We therefore investigated if (1) personal goal flexibility and tenacity maintain mental wellbeing and adherence to New Year exercise resolutions and if (2) underlying intrinsic and extrinsic motives maintain wellbeing and sustained exercise resolution adherence. A community sample (N = 297) completed an online longitudinal study. At baseline, participants listed their most important exercise-related New Year resolution. Participants then completed measures to assess goal flexibility and tenacity, resolution motives, and mental …

Physical Education And Covid-19: What Have We Learned?, Valeria Varea, Ana Riccetti, Gustavo González-Calvo, Marcela Siracusa, Alfonso García-Monge

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The aim of this paper is to explore what we have learned during the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of Physical Education in three different countries: Argentina, Spain and Sweden. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, and the concept of field agency is used to make sense of the data. Differences were found among the three countries, regarding the content of the classes, the use of resources, the emotions of teachers, and the use of physical contact. This was also a result of the regulations and resources in place. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the nature of the field …

Does Fatigue Influence Joint-Specific Work And Ground Force Production During The First Steps Of Maximal Acceleration?, Shayne Vial, Jodie C. Wilkie, Mitchell Turner, Mark Scanlan, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

During initial acceleration, the first steps of a maximal-effort (sprint) run often determine success or failure in the capture and evasion of an opponent, and is therefore a vital factor of success in many modern sports. However, accelerative events are commonly performed after having already run considerable distances, and the associated fatigue should impair muscle force production and thus reduce acceleration. Despite this, the effects of running-induced fatigue on our ability to accelerate as well as the running technique used to achieve it have received little attention. We recorded 3-D kinematics and ground reaction forces during the first three steps …

The Benefits To Bone Health In Children And Pre-School Children With Additional Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Callum Mccaskie, Aris Siafarikas, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Vanessa Sutton, Paola Chivers, Nicolas H. Hart, Myles C. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: Determine if exercise interventions, beyond what is already provided to children and preschool children, improve bone health and reduce fracture incidence. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis reported using the PRISMA guidelines. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE recommendations. Data sources: Five electronic databases were searched for records: PUBMED; CINAHL; CENTRAL; SPORTDiscus; Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (including cluster-randomised) assessing the impact of additional exercise interventions (e.g., increased physical education classes or specific jumping programs) on bone health in children (6 – 12 years) and pre-school children (2 – 5 …

Muscle Strength And Activity In Men And Women Performing Maximal Effort Biceps Curl Exercise On A New Machine That Automates Eccentric Overload And Drop Setting, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

Connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE) machines are new equipment purported to adjust resistances within and between repetitions to make eccentric (ECC) overload and drop sets more feasible. Here, we examined muscle strength, endurance, electromyographic activity (EMG), and perceptions of fatigue during unilateral bicep curl exercise with a CARE machine and dumbbells. We also tested for sex differences in muscle fatigability.

Methods:

Twelve men and nine women attempted 25 consecutive coupled maximal ECC – concentric (CON) repetitions (ECCmax – CONmax) on a CARE machine. Participants also completed a CON one repetition maximum (1RM) and repetitions-to-failure tests with 60 and 80 …

Fatigue Does Not Increase Limb Asymmetry Or Induce Proximal Joint Power Shift In Habitual, Multi-Speed Runners, Shayne Vial, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Mitchell Turner, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

During prolonged jogging, joint moment and work tend to decrease in the distal (ankle) joint but increase at proximal (hip/knee) joints as performance fatigue manifests, and such adaptations might be expected to occur in sprinting. Fatigue is also thought to increase inter-limb asymmetries, which is speculated to influence injury risk. However, the effects of fatigue on sprint running gait have been incompletely studied, so these hypotheses remain untested. Using statistical parametric mapping, we compared 3-D kinematics and ground reaction force production between the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) legs of 13 soccer players during both non-fatigued and fatigued sprint running. …

Perceptions Of Capacity, Fatigue, And Their Psychophysics: Examining Construct Equivalence And The Relationship Between Actual Capacity And Perception Of Capacity During Resisted Elbow Flexion Tasks, James Steele, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka, James L. Nuzzo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The actual capacity to perform tasks, and actual fatigue, are concepts that have been thought of as inherently linked. These considerations also extend to their phenomenology, meaning the perception(s) of capacity or fatigue. The phenomenology of capacity or fatigue thus may be capturing the same underlying latent construct. Further, it is speculated that the actual capacity of a person to perform a given task, and their perception of that capacity, have a psychophysical relationship. The aim of this study was therefore twofold: 1) to explore the extensional equivalence of perceptions of capacity and fatigue, and 2) to explore the relationship …

Considerations For The Consumption Of Vitamin And Mineral Supplements In Athlete Populations, Peter Peeling, Marc Sim, Alannah K. A. Mckay

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Vitamins and minerals are of fundamental importance to numerous human functions that are essential to optimise athlete performance. Athletes incur a high turnover of key vitamins and minerals and are therefore dependent on sufficient energy intake to replenish nutrient stores. However, many athletes are poor at servicing their energy replenishment needs, especially female athletes, and although a ‘food first approach’ to meeting nutrient requirements is the primary goal, it may be important for some athletes to consider a vitamin and/or mineral supplement to meet their daily needs. When working to determine if an athlete requires vitamin or mineral supplements, practitioners …

Timing Is Everything, But Does It Really Matter? Impact Of 8-Weeks Morning Versus Evening Iron Supplementation In Ballet And Contemporary Dancers, Caitlin Attwell, Alannah Mckay, Marc Sim, Cory Dugan, Joanna Nicholas, Luke Hopper, Peter Peeling

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The effectiveness of a morning versus evening oral iron supplement strategy to increase iron stores was explored. Ballet and contemporary dancers with serum ferritin (sFer) < 50 g/L (n = 14), were supplemented daily with 105 mg elemental oral iron in either the morning (FeAM) or evening (FePM) for 8 weeks. A control group (n = 6) with sFer > 50 g/L were given no supplement over the same period. Dancers’ sFer were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Assessment of daily training load, dietary intake, and menstruation were made. A significant interaction (p < 0.001) showed the within group sFer change over the 8-week intervention in FeAM (+25.9 ± 10.5 g/L) and FePM, (+22.3 ± 13.6 g/L) was significantly different to CON (−30.17 ± 28.7 g/L; both p = 0.001). This change was not different between FeAM and FePM (p = 0.778). sFer levels within FeAM and FePM significantly increased over the 8-weeks; however, they significantly decreased in the CON group (all p < 0.05). Post-intervention sFer levels were no longer different between the three groups (p > 0.05). Training load, dietary intake, and number of menstrual cycles incurred were similar between FeAM and FePM (p > 0.05). Oral iron supplementation in either the morning or evening appears equally effective in increasing sFer levels in dancers with sub-optimal iron status.

Exploring The Re-Legitimisation Of Messages For Health And Physical Education Within Contemporary English And Welsh Curricula Reform, J. Stirrup, David Aldous, S. Gray, R. Sandford, O. Hooper, S. Hardley, A. S. Bryant, N. R. Carse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper explores how messages for health and PE ([H]PE) within English and Welsh curricula are being re-legitimised through distinct performance and competence pedagogic models. Drawing upon Bernstein’s sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1996. Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research, critique. Taylor and Francis; 2000. Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research and critique (revised ed.). Rowman and Littlefield) data was generated through a deductive content analysis of the contemporary statutory English National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and the new Curriculum for Wales (CfW), Health and Well-Being Area of Learning and Experience (HWB-AoLE). Findings illustrate how the current English …

Multimodal Exercise In Older Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing First-Line Chemotherapy: A Case Series Examining Feasibility And Preliminary Efficacy, Hao Luo, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Colin I. Tang, Nigel Spry, Dennis R. Taaffe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose. Exercise is emerging as an adjunct therapy to cancer treatment; however, its role in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy is unclear. The aim of this study was to primarily provide evidence on feasibility with an exploratory examination of the initial efficacy of exercise in this clinical setting.

Materials and Methods. Six patients aged 60–75 years with de novo or recurrent advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy consented to participate in twice-weekly exercise that included resistance and aerobic training and boxing-related activities for up to 12 weeks. Patients were monitored for attendance, adherence, and …

Exercise Medicine Considerations For Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: Characteristics, Prognosis And Treatment, Brianna Fleay, Favil Singh, Christobel Saunders, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Robert Newton, Caitlin Fox-Harding

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and is the most common cancer diagnosis made during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. When breast cancer is diagnosed either during pregnancy or in the first-year postpartum, it is referred to as pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The aim of this review is to assess existing literature regarding the recommendations and outcomes of participating in exercise for people with pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The occurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer is increasing as a growing number of women delay first pregnancies. Women undergoing treatment for pregnancy-associated breast cancer are dealing with both cancer …

Connective Adaptive Resistance Exercise (Care) Machines For Accentuated Eccentric And Eccentric-Only Exercise: Introduction To An Emerging Concept, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus Daros Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Eccentric resistance exercise emphasizes active muscle lengthening against resistance. In the past 15 years, researchers and practitioners have expressed considerable interest in accentuated eccentric (i.e., eccentric overload) and eccentric-only resistance exercise as strategies for enhancing performance and preventing and rehabilitating injuries. However, delivery of eccentric resistance exercise has been challenging because of equipment limitations. Previously, we briefly introduced the concept of connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE)—the integration of software and hardware to provide a resistance that adjusts in real time and in response to the individual’s volitional force within and between repetitions. The aim of the current paper is to …

Exercise Builds The Scaffold Of Life: Muscle Extracellular Matrix Biomarker Responses To Physical Activity, Inactivity, And Aging, Georgios Mavropalias, Marni Boppart, Kayley M. Usher, Miranda D. Grounds, Kazunori Nosaka, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for muscle force production and the regulation of important physiological processes during growth, regeneration, and remodelling. ECM remodelling is a tightly orchestrated process, sensitive to multi-directional tensile and compressive stresses and damaging stimuli, and its assessment can convey important information on rehabilitation effectiveness, injury, and disease. Despite its profound importance, ECM biomarkers are underused in studies examining the effects of exercise, disuse, or aging on muscle function, growth, and structure. This review examines patterns of short- and long-term changes in the synthesis and concentrations of ECM markers in biofluids and tissues, which may …

The Impact Of Sleep-Wake Behaviour On Tennis Match Performance In Junior State Grade Tennis Players, Mitchell Turner, Philipp Beranek, Ian Dunican, Travis Cruickshank

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

To date, no study has investigated the extent to which sleep-wake behaviour (SWB) influences match performance in junior tennis players. This study aimed to assess the influence of SWB for the week and night before on match performance, particularly match analytics and activity.

Methods:

This study recruited 10 junior state grade tennis players who wore an actigraphy device and completed a sleep diary for the week before their match on two separate occasions throughout their competition season. Players wore a global positioning system device to track their movement during matches, and an experienced tennis coach recorded players' match analytics. …

Injury Profiles Of Police Recruits Undergoing Basic Physical Training: A Prospective Cohort Study, Nicole Merrick, Nicolas H. Hart, Andrea B. Mosler, Garth Allen, Myles C. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors

Methods:

Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018–2021. Injury was defined as ‘time-loss’ and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between …

The Impact Of Acute Calcium Intake On Bone Turnover Markers During A Training Day In Elite Male Rowers, Bronwen Lundy, Alannah K. A. Mckay, Nikita C. Fensham, Fensham, Nicolin Tee, Bryce Anderson, Aimee Morabito, Megan L. R. Ross, Marc Sim, Kathryn Ackerman, Louise M. Burke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: While an acute exercise session typically increases bone turnover markers (BTM), the impact of subsequent sessions and the interaction with pre-exercise calcium intake remains unclear despite the application to the ‘real life’ training of many competitive athletes. Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, elite male rowers (n = 16) completed two trials, a week apart, consisting of two 90-minute rowing ergometer sessions (Ex1, Ex2) separated by 150 minutes. Prior to each trial, participants consumed a high (CAL: ~1000 mg) or isocaloric low (CON: < 10 mg) calcium meal. Biochemical markers including parathyroid hormone: PTH; serum ionised calcium (iCa) and bone turnover markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen: β-CTX-I; osteocalcin: OC) were monitored from baseline to 3 hours post Ex2. Results: While each session caused perturbances of serum iCa, CAL maintained calcium concentrations above those of CON for most time points, 4.5 and 2.4 % higher post EX1 and EX2 respectively. The decrease in iCa in CON was associated with an elevation of blood PTH (p < 0.05) and β-CTX-I (p < 0.0001) over this period of repeated training sessions and their recovery, particularly during and after Ex2. Pre-exercise intake of calcium-rich foods lowered BTM over the course of a day with several training sessions. Conclusions: Pre-exercise intake of a calcium-rich meal prior to training sessions undertaken within the same day had a cumulative and prolonged effect on the stabilisation of blood iCa during exercise. In turn, this reduced the post-exercise PTH response, potentially attenuating the increase in markers of bone resorption. Such practical strategies may be integrated into the athlete’s overall sports nutrition plan, with the potential to safeguard long term bone health and reduce the risk of bone stress injuries.

Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise In Older Adults? A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis Of 79 Trials, Pedro Lopez, Anderson Rech, Maria Petropoulou, Robert Newton, Dennis Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Douglas P. J. Turella, Sandro R. Freitas, Régis Radaelli

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background

A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults.

Methods

CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥ 60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking …

No Effect Of Repeated Post-Resistance Exercise Cold Or Hot Water Immersion On In-Season Body Composition And Performance Responses In Academy Rugby Players: A Randomised Controlled Cross-Over Design, Barry G. Horgan, Shona L. Halson, Eric J. Drinkwater, Nicholas P. West, Nicolin Tee, Rebekah D. Alcock, Dale W. Chapman, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

Following resistance exercise, uncertainty exists as to whether the regular application of cold water immersion attenuates lean muscle mass increases in athletes. The effects of repeated post-resistance exercise cold versus hot water immersion on body composition and neuromuscular jump performance responses in athletes were investigated.

Methods:

Male, academy Super Rugby players (n = 18, 19.9 ± 1.5 y, 1.85 ± 0.06 m, 98.3 ± 10.7 kg) participated in a 12-week (4-week × 3-intervention, i.e., control [CON], cold [CWI] or hot [HWI] water immersion) resistance exercise programme, utilising a randomised cross-over pre–post-design. Body composition measures were collected using dual-energy X-ray …