Sports Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of A Skilled Videotape Model With Or Without Attention-Focusing Cues On The Performance Of A Basketball Foul Shot, Steven Edward Beard

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a skilled videotape model with or without attention-focusing cues on the performance of a non-dominant hand basketball foul shot. It was hypothesized that attention-focusing cues of a skilled videotape model would have no significant effect on the non-dominant hand basketball foul shot performance of adolescents. Thirty participants (22 male, 8 female) were randomly assigned and stratified by gender into one of two groups: skilled videotape model with cues and skilled videotape model without cues. Each participant completed 22 blocks of 50 trials each, with the first and last block …

The Effect Of Music On Pre-Competitive Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, And Self-Confidence In Male Basketball Players, Jamie Jean Blome

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of personally-selected music on pre-competitive cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Intramural athletes from a collegiate university (N = 97) were randomly assigned to a music group, white noise group, or control group. The Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) and was used to measure trait anxiety, and the modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAl-2) was administered to measure state anxiety and self-confidence. It was hypothesized that differences would be found in precompetitive cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence among groups. Results indicated that the music group …

Relationship Of Effective Serve Reception Passing To Side Out Offense In Iowa City West Volleyball Matches, Craig A. Pitcher

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to indicate the relationship of effective serve reception to side out offense in Iowa City West volleyball matches. Subjects were member of the 2002 Iowa City West varsity volleyball team. Iowa City West volleyball team was selected for the study based on availability of game tapes throughout the 2002 season. All taped varsity matches were viewed for the study analysis. All reception passes were given a pass value of three, two, one, or zero. Each pass was also categorized into offensive outcomes, kill, play on, or error. The results of the Person correlation test …

The Effect Of Life Stress And Coping Resources On The Occurrence And Severity Of Athletic Injuries In Female Collegiate Athletics, Susan E. Stoker

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was designed to investigate the effects of life stress and coping resources on the occurrence and severity of athletic injuries for female collegiate athletes. Subjects from the university's women's volleyball and soccer team were classified as either injured or non-injured, depending on whether injury occurred during the athletic season. A further separation of the injured players divided them according to the severity of their injuries (minor, significant, and major). The LESCA and Coping Resources section of the Stress Audit Questionnaire were used to test life stress and coping resources athletes have for dealing with stress. Psychometric data was …

Effect Of Strength Training And Other Activities On Physical Self-Concept Of Females, Denise Cooksley Glew

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The past few years have seen an increased interest in the psychological benefits of exercise. The personality factor of self-concept typically remains relatively stable throughout adulthood unless a person's life experiences cause it to change. Physical self-concept, a dimension of self-concept, deals with how an individual views themselves and has been found to be affected by exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on the physical self-concept of female college students. The study used a pretest, post-test, quasi-experimental design. The Physical Self-Concept Subscale of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure physical …

A Descriptive Study Of Non-Accredited Athletic Training Programs, Donald Lee Bishop

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to describe the current status of non-accredited athletic training programs at four-year colleges and universities in relation to receiving future accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP).

Since it was first organized, the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc. (NATA) has continually sought to elevate the standards of its members. There were no certification or education requirements for athletic trainers until 1970. These requirements, once very broad and open-ended, have since been refined and delimited to ensure the highest quality for athletic trainers. The NATA has once again raised their …

The Effect Of Stride Angle On Ball Velocity And Stride Length In Softball Pitching, Jeanna Marie Foster

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in stride length and ball velocity which occur as a result of changes in the stride angle in the underarm fastball pitch. All subjects were female collegiate level softball pitchers who pitched windmill style. Each pitcher's preferred stride angle, stride length, and ball velocity were recorded. Stride lengths and ball velocities for predetermined stride angles were then recorded. An artificial environment was designed with a grid marked to measure stride length and stride angle. A radar gun was used to measure ball velocity. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to calculate …

A Comparison Of The Speed Of Two Defensive Step Patterns By Women Volleyball Players, Sergei Y. Sherstnev

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to compare the speed of two defensive step patterns in volleyball. The shuffle step and long step were evaluated in terms of the speed of the shift of the center of gravity and stability. Subjects were 14 former female collegiate volleyball players. Each subject performed both the shuffle step and the long step in both directions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in speed of the two step patterns, movement time, and height of the center of gravity (p >.05). There was a significant difference in displacement (F = 15.3687, p <.0001). The long step showed significantly greater distance from the line of gravity to the center of the base in the direction of the step than did the shuffle step (F = 24.2806, <.0001). The long step showed significantly greater size of the base of support as compared to the shuffle steps on both sides {F = 55.1042, p <.0001). The long steps demonstrated more mobility in the direction of the step, and the shuffle step showed more stability in the final position.

The Effects Of Ibuprofen On Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness And Performance, Atta Kofi Osei

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was designed to investigate whether the ingestion of ibuprofen prior to or after a 30-min bout of downhill (-10%) treadmill running would result in reduced sensation of soreness. A secondary purpose was to investigate whether ibuprofen would augment the diminished muscle performance following downhill running. Subject consisted of 21 males (age= 20.3 ± 1.7 years; weight= 77.4 ± 7.8 kg). Each subject was randomly assigned to either a control group, a prophylactic group which received 600 mg of ibuprofen 1 hour prior to the 30-min treadmill run and (200 mg every 3 hr postexercise up to 24 hours), …

Assessment Of Weight Control Strategies Between Athletes And Nonathletes, Linda K. Buehler

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the present study was to assess motivation factors from a cognitive/social learning model for choosing a particular dieting style based on athletic status. One hundred ten athletes and 119 nonathletes were asked to fill out a series of questionnaires which included: A demographics inventory, an experimental questionnaire containing eight dieting methods (5 pathogenic dieting methods and 3 nonpathogenic dieting methods), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Bulimia Test. The significant findings were: (a) nonathletes smoked to lose weight more often than athletes and athletes exercised to lose weight more often than nonathletes; (b) …

The Relationship Between Flexibility, Vertical Jump, And Skill In Female High School Volleyball Players, Julia Ann Gerstenberger

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between flexibility, vertical jumping ability, and volleyball skill, in female high school volleyball players. Subjects were 112 females ages 14 through 18 years attending a volleyball camp at Arkansas State University. The research approach employed by this study was a correlational design with ANOVA. Flexibility measurements were taken with a goniometer on both the right and left sides for ankle, knee, and hip flexion and extension. The Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure vertical jumping ability, and skill assessment was determined by an objective rating test designed by …

A Profile Of Susceptibility To Decompression Sickness Among Sport Divers In The Islands Of Micronesia, Timothy Lee Thompson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to develop a profile of sport divers' susceptibility to decompression sickness in the islands of Micronesia. Results of this study are based on demographic data from accident reports related to decompression sickness that were collected and analyzed from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992. Data related to eight variables were analyzed to construct a divers' susceptibility profile which will assist dive instructors, charter operations, and dive industry personnel in briefing the diving public about safe diving practices. They included the gender of the divers, age of the divers, residence, computer or dive table …

A Survey And Comparison Of Selected Health Behaviors Of Student-Nonathletes And Student-Athletes At The University Of Northern Iowa, Raul Costero

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to survey and compare selected health behaviors of student-nonathletes and student-athletes at the University of Northern Iowa. Results of this study are based on 212 questionnaires completed by student-athletes during Spring 1992 team meetings and 384 questionnaires completed by student-nonathletes enrolled in Personal Wellness courses during the Spring 1992 term. The 50-item, self-report questionnaire was designed to reveal involvement and frequency of participation in selected health behaviors. Respondents provided demographic data and information regarding general health behaviors, food selection, eating behaviors, health examinations, sexual practices, and substance use. The study was also designed to …

The Effect Of Experimental Alterations In Excess Weight On Vertical Jump Performance, Bobbi Becker

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of experimental alterations in relatively small amounts of excess weight on vertical jump height. The objective was to use the consequences of changes in body weight on vertical jump performance. The subjects were 19 Division I college volleyball players from the University of Northern Iowa. The mean value for age was 20.04 years, the mean height was 176.2 cm, the mean weight was 71.58 kg, and the mean percentage of body fat was 22.60% for all subjects. Each subject was tested under six weight conditions: (a) normal body weight, (b) …

Trait Competitiveness In N.C.A.A. Division I And Division Iii Female Basketball Players, Kristin Renee Huffman

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine trait competitiveness in female basketball players of Division I and Division III universities. It was hypothesized that Division I female basketball players and Division III female basketball players would not differ in trait competitiveness.

The research design for this study was quasi-experimental. The level of N.C.A.A. competition, Division I or Division III, served as the independent variable. Trait competitiveness, as measured by the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) (Gill & Deeter, 1988), served as the dependent variable.

The subjects (N = 190) for this study were members of women's basketball teams in the …

Anaerobic Power Gains Through Plyometrics: Comparison Of College Basketball Players Performing Drills At The Beginning Versus The End Of Practice, Benton Adam Miller

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training performed either before or after practice on selected power measurements for NCAA Division I male basketball players.

Sixteen subjects were split into two groups of eight players each. The groups were split up by a matched pairs method, based on preseason estimates of playing time for each player by the coaching staff. All subjects were pretested (Week 0) on four selected measures of power. Each subject was measured on vertical jump, with a no-step and a two-step approach, standing long jump, and the 30-yard (27.3 m) dash. …

Effects Of Preshot Routine Time And Movements On Free Throw Shooting Performance, Mick G. Mack

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that length of preshot routine and use of a set sequence of movements have on free throw shooting in basketball. Seventeen members comprising the University of Northern Iowa intercollegiate men's basketball team attempted 20 free throws in each of four different conditions: (1) normal routine, (2) normal routine with lengthened time, (3) altered routine with normal time, and (4) altered routine with lengthened time. For the altered time condition, subjects used a minimum of 200% of their normal time. For the altered routine condition, subjects used a routine provided by …

Comparison Of Body Fat Percentages Of Lean Athletes, Lean Non-Athletic Students, And Body Builders As Determined By Bioelectrical Impedance And Hydrostatic Weighing, Troy E. Becker

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to compare bioelectrical impedance with hydrostatic weighing in lean subjects with varying amounts of fat-free mass and activity levels. The percentage of body fat of each subject was measured by anthropometry; bioelectrical impedance, using two different equations; and hydrostatic weighing (HW) methods. The two equations used for bioelectrical impedance were versions 1.51 (BIA2) and the weight management program (BIA3) from RJL Systems, Inc. HW was used as the criterion measure. The three groups were body builders, non-athletes, and athletes, with 10 subjects in each group. The mean value for age was 20.4 ± 1.8 …

A Comparison Of The Accuracy Of Two Volleyball Forearm Passing Techniques, Vonda Mae Broek

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the linear and non-linear forearm passing techniques used to recieve [sic] the serve in volleyball. A subproblem was to determine the extent to which each technique was used among selected NCAA Division I universities. The research design was causal comparative. The study sought to determine the relative effectiveness of the non-linear and linear serve reception techniques in passing accurately to a prescribed target area. Ten NCAA Division I universities provided twenty videotaped volleyball matches. The type and accuracy of the serve reception pass was observed and tallied. Passes were …

Determining The Contributions Of The Intrapersonal Factors Of Personality Disposition, Ability, And Attitude To Precompetitive State Anxiety, Jacquelyn Rae Wright

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of personality disposition (competitive A-trait), ability (skill level), and attitude (perceived ability, confidence, self-esteem) to state anxiety prior to competition. It was hypothesized that personality disposition (competitive A-trait) would be the strongest predictor of competitive state anxiety prior to competition.

Forty-two Luther College women basketball and softball players were selected for participation in the study. The Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) was used to assess A-trait. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used to assess three subcomponents of precompetitive state anxiety (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence). This …

Validation Of A One-Mile Test As A Measure Of Maximum Oxygen Consumption For Males Aged 16-18 Years, Andrew John Myers

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Maximum oxygen consumption is considered to be the best indicator of the aerobic power of the cardiorespiratory system (Patton, Vogel, & Mello, 1982). The direct measure of maximum oxygen consumption requires a well-equipped laboratory, trained personnel, and a high degree of subject motivation and effort. These problems have led to attempts to develop indirect methods for estimating maximal oxygen consumption. The purpose of this study was to validate an indirect method for measuring maximum oxygen consumption. Specifically, the purpose was to validate a one-mile walk test as a measure of maximum oxygen consumption for males aged 16-18 years. Twenty-six male …

The Effect Of Interval And Continuous Training On Maximal Oxygen Consumption And Performance On The 1.5 Mile Run Of College Age Males And Females, Deborah Lynn White

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Interval and continuous training and their effects on maximal oxygen consumption have been studied extensively. Virtually all of the studies reported in the literature have defined interval training as running a given distance at a maximal or near maximal intensity with intervening [sic] rest periods. This study defined interval training as running a given distance at a submaximal intensity of 85% of the maximum heart rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of interval and continuous training on the maximal oxygen consumption, performance on a 1.5 mile run, and body composition of college age males and …

The Effect Of Pedal Frequency And Resistance On Oxygen Consumption During Bicycle Ergometer Work In College Females, Sue Joseph Joslyn

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Total workload on a bicycle ergometer is determined by the amount of resistance and the pedal frequency. Predicting oxygen consumption on a bicycle ergometer is currently based on total workload being performed, regardless of resistance and pedal frequency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pedal frequency and resistance on oxygen consumption at constant workloads during bicycle ergometer work in college-age females. It was hypothesized that changes in pedal frequency and resistance would cause significant differences in oxygen consumption at a constant workload.

Fourteen healthv, untrained females, age 19 to 22, performed maximal oxygen consumption tests …

A Comparison Of Oxygen Consumption In Light And Heavy Resistance Weight Training Methods In Males, Kean Gerard Richard

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Heavy resistance and low resistance weight training methods are commonly used in off season conditioning programs for various sports. Research has indicated that heavy resistance training elicits muscular strength development whereas low resistance training elicits the development of muscular endurance. However, there is very little or no research which has investigated a comparison of oxygen consumption between heavy resistance and low resistance training while keeping work constant.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the oxygen cost of performing heavy and low resistance weight training methods. Also, a second purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of …

A Comparison Of Academic Performance Between Athletes And Nonathletes At The University Of Northern Iowa, Cynthia Ann Bucknam

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to compare the academic performance of collegiate athletes to nonathletes and to examine the relationship between participation in collegiate athletics and selected variables used to measure academic success. Specific factors that were examined included: sex, state of residence, ACT score, numbers of credit hours carried per semester, grade point average per semester, cumulative grade point average, cumulative credit hours carried, and sport. A total of 126 students from the University of Northern Iowa served as subjects in this study, 62 athletes and 64 nonathletes. Data used to make comparisons between various groups of athletes …

Effects Of A Supplementary Depth Jumping Program On Leg Strength, Leg Power, And Sprinting Speed In Sprinters And Jumpers, Christopher E. Bucknam

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Many sport activities require strength and power training programs to help athletes achieve optimal performances. These types of programs are aimed at developing strength and power only through the voluntary shortening of the muscle during contraction. Research has indicated, however, that the faster a muscle is forced to lengthen, or stretch before shortening the greater tension it will exert. Plyometric training, specifically depth jumping, is one technique that does emphasize a forced maximum stretch over a short period of time. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a plyometric conditioning program, when used in addition to …

The Relationship Between Quadriceps Strength And Aerobic Capacity At Various Pedaling Frequencies On A Bicycle Ergometer In College Age Males, Connie Marie Brossart

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The possibility that quadriceps strength is a limiting factor when performing maximal oxygen consumption tests on a bicycle ergometer has been introduced in previous studies. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between quadriceps strength at varying speeds of muscle contraction and aerobic capacity measured at high and low pedaling frequencies on a bicycle ergometer. Subjects were nineteen college-age males, nine of whom were competitive cyclists and ten of whom were untrained cyclists. Each subject performed two maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) tests on a Monark bicycle ergometer. One test was at a pedaling frequency of 60 rpm …

Factors Which Contribute To Tumbling Height In College Gymnasts, Mark Douglas Ball

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Tumbling is one of the major components in a floor exercise routine. One of the basic tumbling sequences in a routine is a roundoff back handspring tuck back salto. This sequence is the building block for more difficult back tumbling such as the double back salto. By increasing the height of the back salto, more amplitude, aesthetic impression, and difficulty may possibly be performed. These improvements should lead to a higher score. This study was an analysis of a tuck back salto to determine those factors which contribute to tumbling height, and to establish their relative contribution to the action. …