Sports Sciences Commons^™

Transitioning To Minimal Footwear: A Systematic Review Of Methods And Future Clinical Recommendations, Joe Warne, Allison H. Gruber

Articles

Recent interest in barefoot running has led to the development of minimalist running shoes that are popular in distance runners. A careful transition to these shoes has been suggested and examined in the literature. However, no guidelines based on systematic evidence have been presented.

The Influence Of Match Outcome On Running Performance In Elite Gaelic Football, Shane Mangan, Shane Malone, Martin Ryan, Jason Mcgahan, Cian O'Neill, Con Burns, Joe Warne, Denise Martin, Kieran Collins

Articles

Introduction: Match outcome has been linked to running performance in many sports; however, the association has not yet been examined in Gaelic football. Methods: GPS technologies (4-Hz, VX Sport, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) were used with 5 elite Gaelic football teams over a period of 5 years (2012–2016), amounting to 95 matches. In total, 780 full match data sets were collected. Game movements were divided into total distance and high-speed distance (≥17 km h−1). Match outcomes were divided into big losses (≥6 points), small losses (≤5points), draws, small wins (≤5 points) and big wins (≥6 points). Results: Team (P …

A Six Stage Operational Framework For Individualising Injury Risk Management In Sport, Mark Roe, Shane Malone, Catherine Blake, Kieran Collins, Conor Gissane, Fionn Buttner, John C. Murphy, Eamonn Delahunt

Articles

Managing injury risk is important for maximising athlete availability and performance. Although athletes are inherently predisposed to musculoskeletal injuries by participating in sports, etiology models have illustrated how susceptibility is influenced by repeat interactions between the athlete (i.e. intrinsic factors) and environmental stimuli (i.e. extrinsic factors). Such models also reveal that the likelihood of an injury emerging across time is related to the interconnectedness of multiple factors cumulating in a pattern of either positive (i.e. increased fitness) or negative adaptation (i.e. injury).

Effects Of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse And Caffeine On High-Intensity Interval Running In A Fed State, Simon Devenney, Shane Mangan, Marcus Shortall, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current study aims to identify if mouth rinsing with a 6% carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR) solution and mouth rinsing and ingestion of caffeine (CMR+CAFF) can affect exercise performance during steady-state (SS) running and high-intensity intervals (HIIT) in comparison with a 0% control solution (PLA) when in a fed state. Eight recreationally trained males completed 3 trials (CMR, CMR+CAFF, and PLA) of 45 min SS running and an HIIT protocol (90% peak treadmill velocity) until fatigue in a double blinded, repeated-measures study. Participants ingested a capsule of either CAFF or PLA before and after SS. Participants received a 25-mL bolus of …

Effect Of Game Design, Goal Type, And Player Numbers On The Physiological And Physical Demands Of Hurling-Specific Small-Sided Games, Shane Malone, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current study examined the effect that game design modification, goal type, and player numbers on the running performance and physiological demands of small-sided hurling games (SSG). Forty-eight hurling players (age, 25.5 ± 3.2 years; height, 178.9 ± 3.2 cm; body mass, 78.5 ± 4.5 kg) performed 4 types of SSG (possession [P], normal play [NP], regular goals [RG] and small goals [SG]) in 4-a-side, 5-a-side, and 6-a-side formats. Heart rate (Polar Electro Oy) and global positioning system technology (VX Sport, 4-Hz, Lower Hutt) were used to analyze the physical and physiological differences between SSG. Total distance (m), high-speed running …

Are Small-Sided Games An Effective Training Methodology For Improving Fitness In Hurling Players? A Comparative Study Of Training Methodologies, Shane Malone, Brian Hughes, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current investigation compared the effects of specific small-sided games training versus generic continuous aerobic training on team sport related exercise performances. Forty-eight hurling players (age: 25 ± 6.4 years; height: 180.2 ± 20.4 cm; mass: 80.5 ± 3.2 kg; V·O2max" role="presentation" style="display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">V⋅O2maxV·O2max: 58.78 ± 3.05 ml·kg·min⁻¹) completed either traditional continuous aerobic training (n = 24) or team sport-specific small-sided game training (n = 24), consisting …

Monitoring Player Fitness, Fatigue Status And Running Performance During An In-Season Training Camp In Elite Gaelic Football, Shane Malone, Brian Hughes, Mark Roe, Kieran Collins, Martin Buchheit

Articles

Objectives: To examine selected perceptual and physiological measures to monitor fitness, fatigue and running performance during an in-season training camp in elite Gaelic football. Methods: Twenty-two elite Gaelic football players were monitored for training load, perceived ratings of wellness, heart rate variability (HRV; LnSD1), heart rate recovery (HRR), exercise heart rate (HRex), lower limb muscular power (CMJ) and global positioning system (GPS) variables. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-YoIR1) was assessed pre and post the training camp. With specific small-sided games (SSG) used as a measure of running performance. Results: During the camp, HRex decreased (−12.2%), HRR increased …

The Running Performance Profile Of Elite Gaelic Football Match-Play, Shane Malone, Barry Solan, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current study examined (a) the match running performance of Gaelic football and (b) the decrement in match running performance with respect to position. Global positioning satellite system technologies (4-Hz; VX Sport) were used with 3 elite intercounty teams across 3 full seasons with 250 full game data sets collected. Game movements were classified according to game actions and distance covered across speed zone thresholds (total distance [TD], high-speed running distance [HSRD; ≥17 km·h], sprint distance [SD; ≥22 km·h]; accelerations [n]; peak speed [km·h]). The influence of running performance in each quarter on the subsequent quarter was analyzed across all …

The Relationship Between Technical Performance Indicators And Running Performance In Elite Gaelic Football, Shane Mangan, Martin Ryan, Simon Devenney, Aidan Shovlin, Jason Mcgahan, Shane Malone, Cian O'Neill, Con Burns, Kieran Collins

Articles

The aim of the current study was to assess whether technical performance relates to positional running demands of elite Gaelic football players. Over a period of three years (2014–2016), four elite Gaelic football teams were monitored using GPS technologies. Four hundred and thirty-two individual player samples were collected from 52 competitive matches. Video analysis software was used to code technical performance indicators in all games. Pearson’s correlations were performed between all technical variables and total distance (m) and high-speed distance (≥17 km h−1). Total ball in play time had small to medium effects (r = .233 to .390, p …

A Contemporary Multi-Modal Mechanical Approach To Training Monitoring In Elite Professional Soccer, Adam Owen, Leo Djaoui, Matthew Newton, Shane Malone, Bruno Mendes

Articles

Objectives: Understanding movements and mechanical demands of elite soccer players during training and competitive stressors is important for the support provision of player performance. Continued appreciation to quantify and monitor training load (TL) is apparent, however reporting multi-modal approaches in-line with competitive match-play demands remain limited. The investigation aimed to highlight a multimodal training monitoring method and its relationship to match-play. Subjects: 29 elite European soccer players participated were assessed (26.7 ± 4.07 years, height 183.4 ± 5.87 cm, body mass 78.4 ± 8.03 kg, 57.55 ± 5.32 ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹ and body composition 54.12 ± 13.65 mm) with daily …

Getting ‘In’ And ‘Out Of Alignment’: Some Insights Into The Cultural Imagery Of Fitness From The Perspective Of Experienced Gym Adherents, Ross D. Neville, Catherine Gorman

Articles

While the identification of risks associated with sedentary lifestyles provided a strong foundation for what we understand by ‘fitness’ today, research across the social sciences and humanities has been rather more ambivalent about the term. One important cause for concern here is the cultural proximity of ‘fitness’ to consumer culture by means of the ‘fitness industry’. It has been shown, for example, that the pursuit of fitness has become increasingly, if not exclusively, a matter of attending to the body as a marker of social status: something to be consumed for; something to be consumed by others. In this paper, …

The Acute:Chonic Workload Ratio In Relation To Injury Risk In Professional Soccer, Shane Malone, Adam Owen, Matt Newton, Bruno Mendes, Kieran Collins, Tim Gabbett

Articles

Forty-eight professional soccer players (mean ± SD age of 25.3 ± 3.1 yr) from two elite European teams were involved within a one season study. Players completed a test of intermittent-aerobic capacity (Yo-YoIR1) to assess player’s injury risk in relation to intermittent aerobic capacity. Weekly workload measures and time loss injuries were recorded during the entire period. Rolling weekly sums and week-to-week changes in workload were measured, allowing for the calculation of the acute:chronic workload ratio, which was calculated by dividing the acute (1-weekly) and chronic (4-weekly) workloads. All derived workload measures were modelled against injury data using logistic regression. …

The Integration Of Internal And External Training Load Metrics In Hurling, Shane Malone, Dominic Doran, Ibrahim Akubat Ibrahim Akubat, Kieran Collins

Articles

The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the hurling player’s fitness profile and integrated training load (TL) metrics. Twenty-five hurling players performed treadmill testing for VO2max, the speed at blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmol•L-1 (vLT) and 4 mmol•L-1 (vOBLA) and the heart rate-blood lactate profile for calculation of individual training impulse (iTRIMP). The total distance (TD; m), high speed distance (HSD; m) and sprint distance (SD; m) covered were measured using GPS technology (4-Hz, VX Sport, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) which allowed for the measurement of the external TL. The external TL was divided by the internal …

Effects Of Various Concentrations Of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse On Cycling Performance In A Fed State, Simon Devenney, Kieran Collins, Marcus Shortall

Articles

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of mouth rinsing with a 6% and 16% carbohydrate solution (CHO) on time trial performance when compared to a 0% control (PLA) when in a fed state. Twelve recreationally active males underwent three trials by which they had to complete a set workload (600 ± 65 W) in a fed state. Throughout each trial, participants rinsed their mouths with a 25 ml bolus of a 0% PLA, 6% or 16% CHO (maltodextrin) for every 12.5% of work completed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate were recorded every 12.5% …

Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Performance In Subelite Gaelic Football Players From Under Thirteen To Senior Age Groups, Mark Roe, Shane Malone

Articles

Gaelic football is indigenous to Ireland and has similar locomotion profiles to soccer and Australian Football. Given the increasing attention on long-term player development, investigations into age-related variation in Yo-YoIR1 performance may provide useful information in talent identification, programme design, and player monitoring. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate Yo-YoIR1 performance across Gaelic football age groups. Male participants (n = 355) were recruited from division one, Gaelic football teams. Participants were allocated to one of seven groups according to respective age groups from under 13 (U13), under 14, under 15 (U15), under 16 (U16), minor, under 21 …

Exercise Is Medicine: Some Cautionary Remarks In Principle As Well As In Practice, Ross Neville

Articles

On the basis of extensive research on the relationship between physical activity, exercise and health, as well as strong support from policymakers and practitioners, the “Exercise is Medicine” initiative has become something of a linchpin in the agenda for modern healthcare reform and reflects a broader acceptance that the philosophy of health politics must shift from social engineering to performativity. However, in spite of the avowed commitment to encouraging individuals to take on a more reflexive relation to their health, it remains unclear as to whether an initiative such as this is, unambiguously, a good thing. In this paper, a …

Considering A Complemental Model Of Health And Fitness, Ross Neville

Articles

This article examines the concept of fitness, which, in spite of its much avowed cultural significance, has become the subject of much critical attention. In particular, it considers the now contested relation of fitness to health; the fact that, although there appears to be a clear consensus on a simple causal relation between the two, this has been deemed illusory outside the medico-scientific context of its production. In response to the problems with both of these positions, this article examines the potential for reconfiguring the relation between fitness and health on new terms. A complemental model of health and fitness …

Cardiac Output Is Not Related To The Slowed O2 Uptake Kinetics In Type 2 Diabetes, Oscar Mac Ananey, J Malone, S Warmington, D O'Shea, S Green, M Egana

Articles

Abstract

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to investigate whether cardiac output (CO) responses were related to VO2 kinetics during cycling in type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

A total of 9 middle-aged women with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, 9 nondiabetic overweight women, and 11 nondiabetic lean women were recruited. Initially, the ventilatory threshold (VT) and peak VO2 were determined during a maximal graded test. Then, on two separate days, subjects completed three 7-min bouts of constant-load cycling at each of three intensities: 50% VT, 80% VT, and midpoint between VT and peak VO2 (50% Δ). CO (inert gas rebreathing) was recorded at 30 …

A Monocular Marker-Free Gait Measurement System, Jane Courtney, Annraoi M. De Paor

Articles

This paper presents a new, user-friendly, portable motion capture and gait analysis system for capturing and analyzing human gait, designed as a telemedicine tool to monitor remotely the progress of patients through treatment. The system requires minimal user input and simple single-camera filming (which can be acquired from a basic webcam) making it very accessible to nontechnical, nonclinical personnel. This system can allow gait studies to acquire a much larger data set and allow trained gait analysts to focus their skills on the interpretation phase of gait analysis. The design uses a novel motion capture method derived from spatiotemporal segmentation …

Preliminary Results For A Monocular Marker-Free Gait Measurement System, Jane Courtney, Annraoi Depaor

Articles

This paper presents results from a novel monocular marker-free gait measurement system. The system was designed for physical and occupational therapists to monitor the progress of patients through therapy. It is based on a novel human motion capture method derived from model-based tracking. Testing is performed on two monocular, sagittal-view, sample gait videos – one with both the environment and the subject’s appearance and movement restricted and one in a natural environment with unrestricted clothing and motion. Results of the modelling, tracking and analysis stages are presented along with standard gait graphs and parameters.