Sports Sciences Commons^™

Development Of High-Performance Coaches And Burnout, Amy Cashin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Coach education is imperative, especially as coaching moves towards professionalization (Lara-Bercial, 2022). The literature has shown that high-performance coaches are closest to fitting the criteria of a profession (Lara-Bercial et al., 2022) while also being at risk of experiencing burnout due to the high level of stress faced within their job (Bentzen et al., 2014; Olusoga & Kenttä, 2016). The purpose of this study was twofold. First to have a more comprehensive understanding of Australian Athletics high-performance coaches’ wants and needs regarding coaching education as it pertains to coach wellbeing and burnout; and second, to have an in-depth exploration of …

Perceptions Of Leadership Opportunities And Effectiveness Among Athletic Trainers: A Comparison Across Racial And Ethnic Groups, Nicolette A. Harris, Americus H. Williams, Julie M. Cavallario, Cailee E. Welch Bacon

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context

Diverse representation in athletic training leadership is essential for fostering inclusion and innovation in the profession. Despite efforts to enhance leadership diversity, disparities persist, underscoring the need to explore barriers to leadership and the effectiveness of leadership in meeting the needs of athletic trainers (ATs).

Objective

To examine racial and ethnic differences in ATs' desire, pursuit, and attainment of leadership positions in the profession in addition to perceptions of current leadership effectiveness.

Design

Cross-sectional, web-based survey.

Participants

A purposeful sample of 1,173 racially and ethnically diverse ATs from an organized professional network followed by a random sample of 6,000 …

Salary Negotiation Dynamics For Athletic Trainers: Insights From Employers On Expectations And Organizational Influences, Julie M. Cavallario, Forrest Andrews, Kendallyn Johnson, Katherine Schalk, Cailee E. Welch Bacon

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context

While researchers have previously identified that most athletic trainers (ATs) do not negotiate their salary, little is known about employers' expectations and behaviors relative to establishing and negotiating salaries for the ATs they hire.

Objective

To examine employers' expectations and behaviors regarding AT salary negotiation.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Web-based survey.

Patients or other participants

413 employers who are in a role that requires them to negotiate salary offers with prospective AT employees and who have minimally hired one AT into the organization they work for accessed the survey from a random sample of 7,000 ATs (6% access rate); 324 …

Athletic Training Students' Use Of Health Information Technology Professional Behaviors During Clinical Experiences: A Report From The Aate Research Network, Cailee E. Welch Bacon, Julie M. Cavallario, Stacy E. Walker, R. Curtis Bay, Bonnie L. Van Lunen

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context:

As an essential core competency for high-quality healthcare, health information technology (HIT) leverages the use of technology, such as electronic record systems, to collect and use patient care information to make informed clinical decisions. There is a dearth of information regarding professional athletic training students' (ATSs') use of HIT professional behaviors during clinical experiences.

Objective:

To assess HIT professional behaviors ATSs engage with during clinical experience patient encounters (PEs). DESIGN: Multisite panel design.

Setting:

12 professional athletic training programs.

Participants:

363 ATSs enrolled across the participating professional athletic training programs entered patient encounter information within E*Value during their scheduled …

Lost In Transition: The Need For Research On Immersive Clinical Experiences In Athletic Training Education, Julie M. Cavallario, Stephanie M. Singe

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context

Immersive clinical experiences (ICEs) were integrated into athletic training education to enhance student learning. However, their structure and effect remain poorly understood.

Objective

To highlight the lack of research on ICEs and the need for data-driven improvements in athletic training education.

Background

Since the transition to graduate-level education, ICEs have been required to provide students with uninterrupted exposure to professional practice. Despite this requirement, little evidence exists regarding their effectiveness or best implementation practices.

Synthesis

Authors of recent studies have revealed inconsistencies in implementation, limited placement diversity, and inadequate preceptor training. Despite widespread adoption, little evidence supports how ICEs …

The Effects Habitual Training Shoe Use Has On Running Economy When Transitioning To High Performance Running Shoes, Dalton C. Harris

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: The recent increase in popularity of minimal shoes in endurance running is linked to potential improvements in running economy and reduced injury risk. However, high performance running shoes, specifically designed to improve running economy remain the fastest shoe to wear when racing. Purpose: Knowing this, the aim of this paper is to examine whether or not the habitual use of minimal shoes increases the benefits of the high performance shoes. This will guide practitioners and athletes when establishing shoe rotations and training plans during race preparation. Methods: The study consisted of 4 sessions: Sessions 1 and 2 were maximal …

The Impact Of Asymmetry In Lower Limb Muscle Strength And Power On Straight-Line Running Speed In Female Soccer Players, Dariusz Skalski, Magdalena Prończuk, Kinga Łosińska, Michał Spieszny, Maciej Kostrzewa, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Adam Maszczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this study was to investigate and determine the impact of asymmetries in muscle strength and power between the right and left lower limbs on straight-line running speed in female soccer players.30 right-footed female soccer players playing in the Ekstraliga participated in the study. The Modulus. Number formula was used to avoid negative results and to assess only the difference in relative strength and power between the lower limbs, not the dominance of one of them. A result equal to or below the threshold defined group G1 "with lower asymmetry," and a result above the threshold defined group …

Effect Of Imagery Training On Football Players, Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska, Franciszek Makurat, Jacek Przybylski, Tony Morris

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. There is a growing number of studies concerning imagery training in young athletes but on a much smaller scale than research in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of imagery training on children’s soccer skills. (2) Materials and Methods: We conducted two studies. In the first study a sample of 35 subjects, aged between 10 and 14 years, was divided into an experimental condition (18 players) and a control condition (17 players). Each person completed one script from the Sports Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM) and from the Movement Imagery Ques-tionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) and took a …

Correlations Between Tensiomyography Variables And Lower Extremity Power, Adis Tabaković, Ensar Abazović, Muhamed Tabaković, Erol Kovačević

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The main aim of this research was to determine whether there are statistically significant correlations between TMG variables and jumping performance. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five healthy and physically active male students (age: 20.84 ± 0.99 years; body height: 179.46 ± 5.91 cm; body weight: 73.88 ± 6.43 kg) of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education participated in this study. Radial displacement, contraction time and delay time of the m. vastus lateralis were collected to assess muscles’ contractile characteristics using tensiomyography (TMG). Additionally, squat jump and countermovement jump height were recorded using the Optojump system. Results: A very …

Programmatic Accreditation: Implementation Strategies For College Kinesiology Program Directors, Kworweinski Lafontant

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Programmatic accreditation within Kinesiology sub-disciplines, such as physical therapy and sports medicine, have typically been required at the graduate level. Within the coming decade, major certifications for exercise physiology (ACSM-EP) and strength & conditioning (CSCS) will institute programmatic accreditation requirements at the undergraduate level. This article takes a narrative review approach at examining ways that programmatic accreditation at the undergraduate level may impact incoming undergraduate students, such as necessitating earlier specialization and limiting the ability for late-stage career changes. To mitigate these impacts, college kinesiology program directors may benefit from considering the perspectives of students as they work to meet …

Development, Validation, And Reliability Of A New Instrument Of Observation And Technical Evaluation In Karate Athletes, Filipe Ferreira, Rui Miguel Silva, Georgian Badicu, Jarosław Muracki, Bartłomiej Bogdański, Adam Kawczyński

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The present study aims to develop and establish the reliability of the System for the Technical Assessment of Kumite (STAK) in karate. Twenty karate fighters aged between 10 and 22 years, consisting of novice and expert athletes participated in the present study. The reliability process focused on three points: i) analysis and evaluation by experts of the content of the observation instrument; ii) analysis and evaluation by expert evaluators of the athletes' performance in each of the chosen techniques; and iii) reliability of the evaluators' observations. The technical evaluation system in karate evaluated the Mawashi Geri, Ura Mawashi Geri, Kizami …

Perceived Stress Modulates Blood Pressure Reactivity To Stress In College Students, Manuel Sune, Natalie Younan, Caio Sousa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Stress is an unavoidable part of everyday life that can have numerous effects on our bodies. In addition, the individual psychological perception of stress could represent a higher stress or stress reactivity in the physiological level, becoming the onset of many stress-related diseases. Persistently high levels of stress are common in college students and it's important to manage these levels to prevent the risk of health problems in the future. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived stress on cardiovascular reactivity to stress in college students. METHODS: Fourteen college students (f=5) participated in the …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress In College Students, Natalie Younan, Manuel Sune, Caio V. Sousa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Stress is part of everyday life. Chronic stress can be a contributor to many physiological and psychological health problems. Chronic stress is also related to hyperreactivity to acute stress. PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether students with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity (PA) have distinct cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT). METHODS: College students (n=14; f=5) were given the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess their physical activity levels. After the assessment, participants were set up to the FINAPRES with an arm cuff and finger …

Sled-Pull Training Decreases Rate Of Force Development In Men And Women Soccer Players, James Ma, John A. Brasher, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sled-pull training is a popular training method thought to increase lower extremity strength and power in athletes. Lower extremity strength and power are factors for success in sport, particularly soccer. Asymmetry is thought to negatively impact athletes, by increasing their risk of injury, and should be the focus of any training program. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of a 12-week sled pull training intervention on isometric leg rate of force development (RFD) and RFD asymmetry. METHODS: Thirty men (n = 15; 20 ± 1.5yrs, 168.28 ± 5.17cm, 73.44 ± 3.46kg) and women (n = 15; 19.58 ± 1yr, …

Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity Of Garmin Instinct Devices During Hiking Outdoors With And Without Trekking Poles: A Pilot Study, Kavon Mcarthur, Bethany Hoag, Josie Gines, Myranda Peck, James Navalta, Facsm, Kelly Goonan, Julie E. Taylor, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ACSM has again named wearable technology the top fitness trend for 2024. Yet, the validity of wrist-worn devices for measuring average/maximal heart rate (HR) and estimating energy expenditure (EE) during outdoor hiking with and without trekking poles is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity of identical Garmin Instinct devices to record valid measures of average and maximal HR as well as estimated EE during outdoor hiking with no poles, 1 or 2 trekking poles. METHODS: 11 (n=6 males, n=5 females, aged 20-39 yrs) adults randomly completed 3 pole conditions (no poles, 1 or 2 poles) during an ~10 min. …

Impact Of Running A 162-Km Mountain Race On Hydration And Gastrointestinal Response, Ryan Ott, Kamiry Robison, Kiara Fradin, Melani Kelly, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common complaint among runners, often worsening when less hydrated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate hydration status and GI responses of 162-km ultramarathon runners. METHODS: 14 runners (11 males, 3 females; 36.9 ± 6.1 yrs, 72.5 ± 11.9 kg) completed the Bear 100 (7200m of vertical gain). Pre-, post-, and 24-h post-race completion, a survey to assess GI symptom presence was completed and weight and a urine sample was collected. Scored on a 10-point scale (0 = no problems; 10 = worst it has ever been), GI symptoms were divided into 1) …

The Effect Of Low Water Intake On Blood Glucose Measured With A Continuous Glucose Monitor, Doris Cheung, Safiya Rufino, Adam Seal

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The number of people with Type II diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide. Previous studies have shown several factors contribute to the development of Type II diabetes, such as genetics, diet, and physical activity. Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated adequate water intake may slightly reduce post-prandial blood glucose. However, none have focused on the relationship between water intake and blood glucose excursions in a free-living situation. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of low water intake on glucose regulation in a free-living situation using continuous glucose monitoring. METHODS: In a counterbalanced cross-over fashion, three participants were randomly …

Comparison Of Pulmonary Measures During Virtual Reality Exercise And Outdoor Exercise, Setareh Zarei, Devin Green, Myranda Peck, Olivia R. Perez, Eric Lambert, Ty Erickson, Lijie Zhou, James W. Navalta, Jeffrey Cowley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The development of high-tech wearable devices is revolutionizing not only the way we live but also the way we exercise. Pulmonary responses to virtual reality (VR), as one of the latest technologies on the market, have been largely unstudied. To ensure that the workload is equivalent, one approach is to compare VR and outdoor (OUT) walks of similar visual environments. The findings from this study may be an initial step in providing evidence of VR as a platform for virtual exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether walking in VR affects pulmonary responses differently than …

Effect Of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise On Post-Activation Potentiation In Resistance Trained Men And Women, Bulent Sokmen, Christopher Daniels, Melissa Aragon Matias, Garrett Campedel, Jairo Carrillo, Carter Michnevich, Cinthya Romano, Kandace Syer, Pauline Josephine Woodard, Hasan Ghadiri, Ibai Guadron, Arturo Ortiz, Collins Onyeukwu, Valentin Sanchez, Kent Abe, Monica Ohkubo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is commonly employed to enhance the force-generating capacity of skeletal muscles. However, no studies have directly compared the PAP response elicited by blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise versus traditional bilateral training (TT). This distinction is critical, as differences in muscle activation are observed when comparing various exercise modalities. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a BFR squat exercise would elicit a different PAP response compared to a traditional bilateral squat exercise. METHODS: A within-subjects repeated measures design was used to assess the acute effects of two distinct PAP protocols (traditional …

Effects Of Compression Sleeves On Muscle Oxygen Saturation During Graded Exercise In Acute Hypoxia, Geoffrey Dorsett, Nathan Chang, Hunter Paris, Jong-Kyung Kim, Trevor Gillum

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lower partial pressure at altitude reduces the amount of oxygen able to be delivered to exercising muscles. Interventions to restore muscle oxygen saturation during hypoxic exercise have the potential to improve related measures like cardiac output and VO2. PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of lower leg compression sleeves on muscle oxygen saturation during graded exercise in acute, normobaric hypoxia. METHODS: Seven male participants were recruited (Age = 24.5±3.2; Bodyfat% = 21.8±2.7; VO2 = 42.2±7.1) and underwent two graded exercise bouts at 20%, 40% and 60% of sea level VO2max in normobaric hypoxia (13.5% FiO2). …

Concurrent Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity Of Polar Verity Sense Devices During Light And Moderate Intensity Resistance Training In Recreationally Active Adults: A Pilot Study, Collin Dawson, Spencer Maxwell, Olivia Perez, Setareh (Star) Zarei, Devin Green, Bethany Hoag, Michael Wong, Dustin Davis, Jeffrey C. Cowley, Merrill Funk, James W. Navalta Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology is again the top fitness trend from ACSM for 2024. Our lab recently found that bicep-worn devices (Polar Verity Sense) are valid for measuring average/maximal heart rate (HR) but are not valid for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during acute resistance exercise training (RT). We postulated that the errors may have been due to the device’s algorithms assuming higher intensity during RT, but no study has directly tested these outcomes with various RT intensities. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity of identical Polar Verity Sense bicep-devices to record valid measures of average and maximal HR as well as estimated …

Correlation Between Body Weight And Eccentric Hamstring Strength In American Football Players, Ty K. Hacking, Malorie Wilwand, Aaron W. Johnson, B. Brett Mortensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hamstring strength and explosiveness is imperative for collegiate American football players to perform at the highest level. Understanding the respective correlations, based on players positions, between eccentric hamstring strength (HS) and body weight (BW) among football players may help coaches and players to develop strength protocols required for specific positions. We hypothesize that increasing BW will result in increased eccentric HS. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the relationship between football players BW and their max eccentric HS. METHODS: As a secondary analysis from the HAMIR study, 95 (age: 21.4 ± 2.00 yr; Ht: 187.7 ± 6.17 cm; …

The Effects Of Blood-Flow Restriction Training On Bone Health At The Hip, Victoria Batlle, Sophia Lissin, Jacob Laubach, Todd Shoepe

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bloodflow restriction training (BFR) partially restricts arterial inflow and completely restricts venous outflow to the working muscle to promote chemical signals of fatigue and is hypothesized to realize musculoskeletal adaptation with lighter training loads and volume. PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine short-term training effects of BFR on bone health in college-aged students. METHODS: 19 males (20.2±1.5 years, 25.5±4.7 kg/m2) and 21 females (20.2±1.8years, 24.3±3.4 kg/m2) were placed into control group (CON) or BFR groups based on stratified randomization. Hip scans from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were performed before and after 7 weeks of BFR training at 50% …

The Effect Of Miniband Placement Variations On Hip And Knee Kinetics During Sidestep Activities, Makana Woods, Kevin Valenzuela, Riann Palmieri-Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Utilizing the sidestep exercise as a regimen in a strength training program, has shown to improve hip muscle strength. However, varying band placement along the length of the legs may influence muscle activation and joint mechanics thereby influencing the effectiveness of the exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of band placement on hip muscle activation and peak hip and knee abduction moments during the sidestep exercise. METHODS: Three subjects (1 female and 2 males; age: 23 +/- 1.15 years old; height: 1.72 +/- 0.12 m; mass: 76.57 +/- 12.15 kg) performed five …

The Feasibility Of High Intensity Interval Training In Individuals With Post-Stroke Aphasia, Ferdaus Ghafury, Lauren J. Cervantes, Christian J. Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise boosts physical health in clinical populations and high intensity interval training (HIIT) has often been found to improve fitness to a greater and faster degree than moderate intensity exercise. However, there is a lack of research on the feasibility and safety HIIT in chronic stroke survivors. PURPOSE: We studied the safety and feasibility of Aphasia Physical EXercise (APEX), a HIIT program for those with post- stroke aphasia. We measured feasibility by: avoidance of adverse events (e.g., injuries), high adherence rates and participants' ability to meet the prescribed exercise intensity during individual training sessions. We also assessed APEX’s effect …

Comparison Of Lower Limb Sagittal Plane Kinematics And Kinetics Between Theia Markerless And Conventional Marker-Based Double Limb Squat Analysis In Patients Post Aclr, Cole Whitelaw, Willa Ma, Jiaqi Wang, Grace Choi, Susan Sigward

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Markerless motion capture (MoCap) may offer a promising advancement in the assessment of limb kinematics and kinetics, providing enhanced convenience and efficiency for movement assessments compared to traditional marker-based MoCap systems lowering the barrier for access into clinical biomechanics testing. In clinical contexts, particularly when evaluating lower limb kinematics and kinetics in populations with conditions like anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr), it is crucial for a system to accurately detect subtle changes in movement indicative of injury or pathology. PURPOSE: Determine concurrent validity of kinematic and kinetic data collected using marker and markerless MoCap technologies during a double limb squat …

Fatigue Effects On Shoulder And Elbow Joint Loading During The Tennis Serve, Alexander "Sasha" Rovinsky, Sean Chen, Sam Rosenkranz, Christiane O'Hara, Scott Hazelwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

An effective tennis serve is one of the most crucial skills an experienced athlete will implement to gain a decisive advantage in a match. It is an incredibly dynamic, powerful chain of movements classified into preparation, acceleration and follow-through phases. Consequently, the peak physical intensity of these accelerated motions put tennis players at increased risk for shoulder injuries. PURPOSE: To assess how tennis serving arm, shoulder joint forces, shoulder rotation moment, kinematics, and muscle activity are affected by match play induced fatigue. We tested the hypothesis that tennis-related fatigue will have a significant effect on tennis serving arm and …

Associations Between Older Adult Physical Activity Levels, Self-Efficacy For Exercise And Sleep Habits, Edilzer Juarez, Kiana Noriega, Giselle Robles, Jasmine Castillo, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Motivation for exercise and engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors (physically active, quality sleep, etc.) may help reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, especially in older adults. Self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), performing regular physical activity (PA) and maintaining healthy sleep habits, often lead to positive health benefits. PURPOSE: To assess the relationships between SEE, PA levels and sleep quality/quantity in older adults. METHODS: Older adults (N = 60, age; 71.2 土 8.8 years, female; n = 42 and male; n = 18), were recruited for an IRB-approved cross-sectional research study conducted in spring, 2024. The survey (Qualtrics) consisted of …

Can Increasing Acceleration Factors Of A Massage Gun Increase Blood Flow Within 2-Minutes In The Popliteal Artery - A Pilot Study, Halli Williams, Camille Nguyen, Ray Merill, J. Brent Feland

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Percussive massage devices have gained popularity in the last few years for their claimed holistic benefits to promote recovery. Very little research exists to support these widely marketed claims. To date only 2 articles exist suggesting it takes 5 minutes to see improvement in blood flow. PURPOSE: Determine if a larger head and increased amplitude can alter blood flow in the popliteal artery within 2 minutes. METHODS: 11 individuals (age=24.1士4.2yrs, ht=175士10.3cm, wt=71.3士9.9kg) participated in this study. Each participant came in for 3 sessions that consisted of a sham treatment (ST), a 2-minute percussive massage treatment (2M), and a …

Effects Of Dance Footwear On Kinetics And Lower Limb Joint Kinematics During Jeté Jumps, Stephana Powell, Jenny Camacho, Gwendolyn R. Retzinger, Eloisa Hernandez, Danielle N. Jarvis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Footwear used by dancers often offers little support to the lower extremities. There have been efforts to design footwear aimed at decreasing incidence of injury and increasing dance performance. The interaction between the floor and the foot is heavily influenced by the choice of footwear, yet there has been little research done on the effects footwear has on dance performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of footwear on ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during a jeté landing. METHODS: Three-dimensional analysis was performed using a 12-camera video motion analysis system (Motion …