Occupational Therapy Commons^™

Development Of Soft Skills In Occupational Therapy Education: A Faculty Perspective, John Adkins, Alysha Skuthan

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Soft skills, such as communication, emotional intelligence, and response to feedback, are critical for the success of occupational therapy students but are often underemphasized in educational standards and curricula. This qualitative study examined how faculty perceived, defined, and facilitated the development of soft skills during the didactic phase of occupational therapy education. Using a phenomenological design, 12 faculty members from accredited occupational therapy programs participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed six themes: Hidden Skills, Incorrect Assumptions, and What’s Trending addressed faculty perceptions, while What’s Developing, What’s On Us, and Why Does It Matter described faculty responsibilities and strategies to …

Primitive Reflex Integration Training For Occupational Therapy Students In India, Nalini Sripall, Samuel K. Durairaj, Arun Kumar, Suja A. Chandrasekaran

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Primitive Reflex Integration (PRI) is an important intervention for occupational therapists for the treatment of neurological, motor, and sensory processing issues in children. The topic is clinically relevant, yet there is scarce formal education available on the subject for occupational therapists in India. A needs assessment survey was developed and implemented to better understand the knowledge related to PRI of 40 postgraduate occupational therapy students in India. The needs assessment showed that most of the students were aware of PRI but were not consistently using PRI techniques to treat retained primitive reflexes. The participants also noted barriers, such as a …

Integrating Fieldwork Educators Into Didactic Coursework: Impact On Occupational Therapy Students’ Readiness For Level Ii Fieldwork, Tara Mansour, Victoria Denovellis

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Level II fieldwork represents a critical transition from didactic learning to clinical practice in occupational therapy education, yet students frequently report challenges related to applying knowledge, managing expectations, and navigating complex clinical environments. Many of these challenges reflect aspects of the “hidden curriculum,” including implicit expectations related to communication, professional behaviors, and feedback that are often not explicitly addressed in coursework. This study examined the impact of integrating fieldwork educator–led sessions into a didactic seminar to support student readiness. A mixed-methods survey using a retrospective pre–post design was administered to 33 students (97% response rate). Quantitative analyses demonstrated significant improvements …

Factors Influencing The Access To Activity Resources Of Occupational Therapy Students During Work-Integrated Learning: A South African Perspective, Karin Van Niekerk, Mischa Viviers, Sunike Nel, Thandi Pelebese Takalo, Reitumetse Georgia Mofutsana, Yi-Fang Chen, Carla Faber

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Activities are the backbone of occupational therapy intervention. In order to effectively use activities during Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) placements, occupational therapy students require access to appropriate activity resources. This study explored the factors influencing the access to activity resources of South African occupational therapy students from the University of Pretoria during their undergraduate education and how this potentially affected student learning. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Fourteen participants with WIL experience were selected through purposive and quota sampling to ensure diversity in living situations and WIL experience. Data were collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews and were analyzed thematically. Six …

Assessment Of Level Ii Fieldwork Performance (Alf): Development And Refinement Of A Level Ii Assessment Tool For Use In Occupational Therapy Curricula, Suzanne Marasco, Karen Weis, Zachary A. Myers

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

The Assessment of Level II Fieldwork Performance (ALF) is a new tool developed for use in occupational therapy programs to evaluate students’ performance during Level II fieldwork. The present study reports on the development of the ALF and revisions of the tool based on two rounds of expert review utilizing a modified Delphi methodology. An expert panel of sixteen occupational therapists who had previously utilized the tool while serving as fieldwork educators was recruited to review the ALF and complete online surveys related to the tool’s content, pragmatics, and clinical value. Based on expert consensus, the ALF was modified and …

Predictors Of Academic Success, Fieldwork Performance, And Licensure Examination Outcomes In Occupational Therapy Students: A Scoping Review, Sabina Khan, Leila Gojraty, Karen Park, Lesley Khan-Farooqi, Rayya Ibrahim-Muzaffarr, Sade Harris, Janay Jones, Llonique Jackson, Christianah Edema

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Declining first-attempt National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy pass rates and concerns regarding student retention underscore the need to identify factors associated with occupational therapy student success. This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on predictors of academic success, fieldwork performance, and licensure examination outcomes in occupational therapy programs. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and OTSeeker were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2016 and January 2026. Empirical studies examining predictors of occupational therapy student outcomes were included. Predictors were mapped using Astin’s Input-Environment-Output model and grouped into subthemes. Of 3,402 records, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. …

Predictors Of First-Attempt Nbcot Success: A Multivariable Analysis Of Occupational Therapy Graduates, Kristina Hartsook, Sean Brim, Arlenys Loffredo

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

First-time pass rates on the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) examination have declined in recent years, highlighting the need to better understand factors associated with licensure readiness. This study examined academic, internal, and external predictors of first-attempt NBCOT success among occupational therapy graduates. A retrospective, cross-sectional survey design was used with a sample of 40 graduates from a single institution. Participants completed a post-examination survey assessing academic performance (graduate grade point average [GPA]), self-management skills (time management), external demands (workload, stress, support), study behaviors, and engagement with preparation resources, including the Occupational Therapy Knowledge Examination (OTKE). Descriptive, …

Exploring And Enhancing The Accommodations Process For Disabled Students In Occupational Therapy Education: An Action Research Study, Danbi Lee, Emma Gregg, Keri Degroot

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

The study aimed to explore barriers and supports to the accommodations process for disabled occupational therapy students from the perspectives of disability resource professionals, faculty, and students; identify actionable recommendations; and implement actions to better support students with disabilities. This action research study, guided by the Look-Think-Act Action model, recruited students, faculty, and staff from one Master of Occupational Therapy program. Focus groups, individual interviews, and a priority survey were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Action steps were discussed in the action planning group and the research team implemented feasible recommendations. Twenty-four students, disability resources professionals, and faculty …

Teaching Crisis Co-Regulation In Occupational Therapy: A Pilot Study Of A Simulation-Based Role-Play, Carli Dimeo, Allen Keener, Elizabeth G. Hunter

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Health professions educators have identified a need for tools to assess student competence in de-escalation and co-regulation. Despite the importance of proficiency with these clinical skills, there is little evidence examining effective approaches for teaching and assessing these skills in occupational therapy students. This pilot study utilized a simulation-based role-play experience to determine the feasibility of a teaching method for occupational therapy students to apply these skills in psychosocial scenarios. Activities were conducted as a required component of a Psychosocial and Community Practice course. Prior to the simulation, students completed instruction addressing emotional regulation and co-regulation. Students then practiced these …

Maladaptive Mindsets In Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review, Steven D. Taff, Lauren Werning, Kim L. Lipsey, Gregory O. Costas, Maribeth Clifton

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

In educational settings, maladaptive mindsets refer to negative and counterproductive thoughts or beliefs that can adversely impact one’s ability to learn, engage, and respond to challenges. This scoping review aimed to examine how maladaptive mindsets are represented in occupational therapy education literature and their reported impacts on student learning, mental health, and well-being. Following PRISMA-ScR and established scoping review methodologies, a comprehensive search of six databases yielded 497 unique articles from the last two decades. Only four of the articles met inclusion criteria after screening and full text review. Data was extracted from the four selected articles and analyzed using …

Students’ Perceptions Of The Value And Challenges Of Oral Assessment In An Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Programme, Alexa M. Andrew, Rachel Sayers, Kristy Richards

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Oral assessments are used in undergraduate occupational therapy programs to facilitate students’ ability to articulate their professional reasoning in relation to a case scenario. Oral assessments are seen by assessors/lecturers as crucial preparation for fieldwork placement. Oral assessments are known to provoke anxiety among students. The aim of this research was to explore students’ perspectives of the value and challenges of the oral assessment. The method was qualitative and focus groups and individual interviews were used to collect data. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted using a semantic approach. Four themes emerged as a result of the data analysis: …

Professional Identity Building Scale (Pibs) Development: Measuring Self-Authorship And Dimensions Of Professional Identity In Graduate Students, Anne M. Haskins, Sarah Nielsen, Nicole C. Harris, Adrienne M. Salentiny, Marilyn G. Klug

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Grounded professional identity is needed for individuals to function successfully within their professions. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new instrument intended to measure the professional identity of graduate students. Within a recursive methodological design, we developed a 71-item Professional Identity Building Scale (PIBS) based on a new conceptualized combination of Baxter Magolda’s Epistemological Reflection Model phases and Villanueava and Nadelson’s dimensions of professional identity. We pilot tested 129 occupational therapy graduate students at two sites in two states, adjusted the instrument and then retested the PIBS with data from 347 respondents in the same …

Implementing Entrustable Professional Activities: Evaluation And Insights From Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Clinical Practice Education In Singapore, Heidi, Siew Khoon Tan, Gabriel, Wu-Xin Kwek, Corrine, Kar Ling Hoo, Florence, Wai Fong Cheong, Muhammad Rahizan Zainuldin

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Competency-based education is widely adopted in occupational therapy programs, yet translating broad competency frameworks into authentic clinical assessment remains challenging. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) offer an outcome-oriented approach by integrating multiple competencies into observable clinical tasks. This study evaluated the implementation of a nationwide EPA framework alongside an established competency-based assessment tool within an undergraduate occupational therapy clinical practice education program in Singapore. Guided by the 2018 Ottawa Consensus Framework for Good Assessment, this qualitative evaluation study conducted seven focus group discussions with 18 occupational therapy clinical educators and 12 students who experienced the integrated EPA and competency-based assessment system. …

Occupational Therapy Assistant Students’ Perceptions Of Level I Fieldwork Instructional Methods: A Mixed Methods Study, Tiffany L. Benaroya, Susan M. Higgins

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Level I fieldwork is a cornerstone of occupational therapy assistant (OTA) education. Placement shortages have prompted OTA programs to expand instructional methods beyond traditional methods to include standardized patients, faculty-led site visits, simulated and virtual environments, and non-traditional placements. Limited research has examined OTA student perceptions of these instructional methods. Therefore, this study explored OTA student preferences, recommendations for future use, and perceived strengths and challenges of Level I fieldwork instructional methods. Nineteen OTA students completed surveys in Fall 2023 and Fall 2024 in this retrospective mixed methods study. Students ranked instructional methods directly experienced in Level I fieldwork: traditional …

Nbcot First-Time Pass Rates At A Hispanic-Serving Institution: The Role Of Academic Metrics And Primary Language, Timothy Tu

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

This retrospective study examined academic and demographic predictors of first-time success on the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) exam among graduates (N = 82) from the classes of 2019 through 2022 at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Despite demographic growth, Hispanic and linguistically diverse practitioners remain underrepresented in the profession. Analyzed variables included self-reported primary language, undergraduate GPA (UGPA), prerequisite GPA (PGPA), Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, and Occupational Therapy Knowledge Exam (OTKE) performance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 31. Three factors significantly predicted first-time NBCOT pass status: UGPA (p = .010), OTKE scores …

Sustaining A High-Fidelity Simulation Assessment For Fieldwork Readiness: A Process Description And Quality Assurance Process, Mary K. Thelander, Sue Iliff, Geneva L. Nolan, Heidi M. Sanders

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Occupational therapy students often report feeling underprepared for the complex and integrative demands of Level II fieldwork, prompting increased use of simulation-based approaches to support clinical readiness. This process description outlines the design, implementation, and sustained quality assurance of the Occupational Therapy Student Performance Assessment (OTSPA), a multimodal, high-fidelity simulation required before fieldwork in a Southwestern occupational therapy graduate program. Grounded in a problem-based learning framework, the OTSPA integrates multiple levels of simulation fidelity and requires students to complete a full-cycle clinical experience, including referral review, interaction with a standardized patient, documentation, and intervention planning. Faculty evaluate performance using structured, …

Reimagining Level I Fieldwork: A Virtual Home-Based Observation Model In Occupational Therapy Education, Tara Mansour, Colleen Muse, Nicole Williams, Rachel Pittmann

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Fieldwork is essential to occupational therapy education, yet placement demand and constraints on clinician capacity require programs to consider innovative approaches to practice-based learning. Home-based practice is especially difficult to offer as a traditional Level I placement because of travel and space constraints inherent to how services are delivered. This educational innovation describes and evaluates a structured virtual home-based Level I fieldwork model implemented through a partnership between an entry-level occupational therapy program and a national rehabilitation provider. Students completed five live virtual observations of services delivered in clients' living environments. The model, now in its fifth year, incorporated prebriefing, …

Exploring The Influence Of A Longitudinal Small-Group Mentorship Course On Occupational Therapy Graduates’ Professional Identity Formation, Tosh Whitley, Lovejot Mangat, Susan G. Rappolt, Daniela Testani, Siobhan Donaghy, Lynn Cockburn, Sylvia Langlois, Ruheena Sangrar, Eric Lee, Rachel Roby, Erin Knobl, Susan Hannah, Anne Fourt, David Gerstle, Naomi Davids-Brumer, M. Shone Joos

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Professional identity formation is a critical aspect in facilitating the transition of healthcare professionals into entry-level practice. Previous literature has highlighted the benefits of mentorship in shaping professional identity formation among healthcare learners. However, few studies have explored longitudinal small-group mentorship courses on professional identity formation in entry-level occupational therapists. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of graduates on whether pre-certification mentorship influenced their professional identity formation. Online surveys, comprising open-ended and fixed-choice questions, were collected from graduates of a professional Master of Science in Occupational Therapy (MScOT) program across four cohorts (2020-2023) who completed a …

Reliability Analysis Of In-Person And Virtual Goniometric Measurements For Select Shoulder And Forearm Motions, Autumn Whitson, Tracy Cook, Lisa Middleton, Casey E. Humphrey, Aaron D. Sciascia

EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background Previous research on upper extremity range of motion has compared in-person to virtual measures for sagittal plane motions (flexion/extension) showing good-excellent reliability. Since upper extremity evaluation includes motion in all planes, it is important to assess whether transverse plane motion (rotation, supination, pronation) can be reliably measured during a virtual assessment. Purpose To evaluate the reliability (test/re-test inter-rater and intra-rater) of goniometric measurements of shoulder internal rotation and forearm pronation/supination obtained in-person and virtually. Study Design Observational cohort, Reliability study Methods Subjects 18-60 years of age with no upper extremity injuries were recruited for range of motion (ROM) testing …

Ot And Lactation Consulting: More Than Just A Baby's Breast-Friend, Cara N. Reynolds

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

Over the course of 14 weeks, I developed clinical skills related to infant feeding, including—but not limited to—anatomy, conditions that interfere with feeding, maternal health concerns, and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. I gained insight into each discipline's unique role by job shadowing at various lactation clinics. I observed PTs, SLPs, RNs, craniosacral therapists, and interviewed a nutritionist. Many of the centers I visited expressed a desire to one day incorporate an OT into their practice, which was encouraging.

With this knowledge, I created an informational binder to leave at the Kentucky Breastfeeding Center (KBC) for future OT students. …

Providing Leisure Opportunities To Support Mental Health & Quality Of Life For Oncology Patients In Acute Care:, Allison Adkins

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

The purpose of this project was to make leisure activities accessible to patients in acute care and to explore the benefits it may have on patients' mental health and quality of life. One study found there to be a high prevalence of mental health problems among older adults with 36% having no prior mental health problems (Goldberg et al., 2012). Additionally, psychiatric disorders have been shown to affect at least 30–35% of cancer patients during all phases of the disease trajectory (Caruso & Breitbart, 2020). Research also suggests that active engagement in leisure activities helps older adults maintain functioning in …

Enhancing Experiences Of Children With Special Needs And Volunteers In Church Classrooms, Anna Corado

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

The purpose of this ALE project was to support volunteers working with children with special needs and enhance the experience of children with special needs in church classrooms at Fern Creek Christian Church in Louisville, Kentucky. Volunteers were provided with education and training regarding sensory equipment and strategies to utilize within the classrooms. Changes to the environment were made including creation of a sensory room and adaptations to the classrooms to better support children’s sensory needs. The confidence of volunteers working with children with special needs was measured through a post-survey following the implementation of education and training. This capstone …

Facilitating Engagement And Well-Being In Older Adults Through Personalized Background Music, Anna Heady

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

This capstone project explores personalized background music as a client-centered intervention to enhance engagement, emotional well-being, and quality of life for older adults in a senior living community. Conducted at Treyton Oak Towers in Louisville, KY, the project integrated meaningful music into daily leisure and social activities. Key goals included building rapport with residents and staff, assessing residents’ functional needs, planning and adapting activities, and incorporating music preferences to support participation and enjoyment. Older adults in long-term care often experience cognitive decline, low motivation, and limited engagement in meaningful occupations. Literature supports music’s ability to stimulate memory, enhance mood, and …

Integrating Sensory Strategies In The Classroom Setting: A Field Guide, Abigail Walcott

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

During my 14-week capstone project, I worked alongside St. John Vianney Catholic School, an early education and K-8 school to develop a program to target identified needs of students related to sensory challenges and emotional regulation skills to improve participation in school-based occupations. My primary ACOTE focus area was program development, and I worked to assess classroom needs and develop a program that could be implemented in the traditional classroom setting. My goals for this capstone project were to observe and discuss with my site mentor to assess classroom needs, to research and to create an evidence-backed program guide for …

Bridging Theory To Practice: An Evidence-Based Training Program For Implementing Animal-Assisted Therapy In Appalachian Clinical Settings, Lauren Kessler

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Sensory Interventions For Stress Management In College Students, Cassidy Cain

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

For my doctoral capstone, I partnered with the Student Success Center (SSC) at Eastern Kentucky University and the director of the SSC, Dr. Ashley Sweat, to explore the connections between commonly used occupational therapy sensory intervention techniques and stress management for college students. The focus of my project is education and program development for the Student Success Center. In my literature review, I identified stress as one of the largest contributors to students not returning to college. The Student Success Center provides services for students who are already at a high risk of not continuing their college education. Based on …

Promoting Social-Emotional Learning In Pre-K Students, Hailey Dawn Turner

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

During my doctoral capstone and applied leadership experience, I partnered with Eastern Scholar House, a child development center at Eastern Kentucky University serving children ages 0–5. The primary ACOTE focus area was education, with an emphasis on educating Pre-K teachers and parents on social-emotional learning (SEL) and strategies to support its development in both the classroom and home settings. Project goals included gaining hands-on experience with SEL, understanding its impact on well-being, collaborating with an interprofessional team, and providing educators with practical SEL resources. A literature review and needs assessment highlighted the benefits of SEL in improving behavior, academics, and …

Ability At Bat: Adaptive Sports For Individuals With Disabilities, Jamison B. Watson

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

No abstract provided.

Fieldwork Remediation Program: Enhancing The Professional Competency Of P3 Otd Students, Megan Ellison

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Posters

This capstone project addresses a critical gap between classroom learning and clinical readiness in Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD) students preparing for Level II Fieldwork (FW). While clinical reasoning and knowledge-based skills are emphasized in training, professional behaviors—such as ethical communication, conflict resolution, and clinical interaction—are often underdeveloped yet essential to success in practice. These "gray-area" skills are typically learned through experience and are difficult to teach directly.

The project, designed for the Eastern Kentucky University OTD Program, aimed to improve student readiness and success in fieldwork through a virtual remediation module focused on self-reflection, professional identity, and effective communication …

Effects Of Push-In Occupational Therapy Services In Kindergarten On Writing Foundations, Heather A. Hyndman

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Background: According to the Compensation & Workforce Survey, 24.89% of occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) work in schools (AOTA, 2023). This researcher has worked in a public-school setting for over 20 years, and her caseload continues to grow each year, doubling in the past 10 years. Handwriting difficulties account for most referrals for this researcher.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine if an occupational therapy (OT) led fine motor intervention small group along with push-in occupational therapy services during literacy instruction would improve kindergarten students’ handwriting.

Theoretical Framework: Motor learning theory is applicable to teaching handwriting. This …