Rehabilitation and Therapy Commons^™

Constructing Neural Network Models From Brain Data Reveals Representational Transformations Linked To Adaptive Behavior, Takuya Ito, Guangyu Robert Yang, Patryk Laurent, Douglas H. Schultz, Michael W. Cole

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

The human ability to adaptively implement a wide variety of tasks is thought to emerge from the dynamic transformation of cognitive information. We hypothesized that these transformations are implemented via conjunctive activations in “conjunction hubs”—brain regions that selectively integrate sensory, cognitive, and motor activations. We used recent advances in using functional connectivity to map the flow of activity between brain regions to construct a task-performing neural network model from fMRI data during a cognitive control task. We verified the importance of conjunction hubs in cognitive computations by simulating neural activity flow over this empirically-estimated functional connectivity model. These empiricallyspecified simulations …

Affective Flexibility As A Developmental Building Block Of Cognitive Reappraisal: An Fmri Study, Jordan E. Pierce, Eisha Haque, Maital Neta

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that involves reinterpreting the meaning of a stimulus, often to downregulate one’s negative affect. Reappraisal typically recruits distributed regions of prefrontal and parietal cortex to generate new appraisals and downregulate the emotional response in the amygdala. In the current study, we compared reappraisal ability in an fMRI task with affective flexibility in a sample of children and adolescents (ages 6–17, N = 76). Affective flexibility was defined as variability in valence interpretations of ambiguous (surprised) facial expressions from a second behavioral task. Results demonstrated that age and affective flexibility predicted reappraisal ability, …

Analysis Of Pelvic Alignment Patterns Utilizing The Postural Restoration Institution Approach, Marisa Mills

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Background: Low back pain is a common problem that can include injury to the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) with 15-30% of cases arising from LBP. Treatment for SIJ includes muscle energy. A newer approach from Postural Restoration Institution (PRI) centered around pelvic patterns alignment has also been used. There’s limited research found describing the prevalence of pelvic patterns within populations with PRI method.

Purpose: To examine prevalence of pelvic patterns and investigate a relationship of low back pain. Furthermore, to explore the specific patterns closely and the ability to re-align pelvic patterns by utilizing PRI repositioning exercises.

Study Design: Cross …

Comparison Of Landing Biomechanics Between Different Competitive Levels Of Irish Dance, Jade Shields

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Abstract

Objectives: To determine differences in lower limb landing biomechanics and lower extremity function scale scores between champion levels, in young female Irish dancers.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: McDade-Cara School of Irish Dance

Participants: 12 Open Champion (OC) level female Irish dancers (11.9 ± 3.37 years) and 9 Preliminary Champion (PC) Irish dancers (13.5 ± 3.37 years) performed the landing error scoring system test (LESS), and completed the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and a descriptive data questionnaire

Main outcome measures: LESS scoring sheet and LEFS PRO

Results: No significant differences found between OC and PC levels on …

Self-Reported Throwing Volumes Are Not A Valid Tool For Monitoring Throwing Loads In Elite Australian Cricket Players: An Observational Cohort Study, Zachariah Hoyne, Ashley Cripps, Andrea Britt Mosler, Christopher Joyce, Paola Chivers, Rob Chipchase, Myles Murphy

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives

To determine the concurrent validity of player self-reported and independently observed throwing volume. Examine whether sex, playing position, or time to upload self-reported data post training influences the accuracy of self-reported throwing loads.

Design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods

A total of 8 female and 18 male elite cricket players participated in the study. Overarm throws from 12 training sessions during the 2020–21 cricket year were observed. Player self-reported throwing volume data were retrieved post training, with the time difference between session completion and self-reported data upload recorded.

Results

A moderate positive correlation was found between self-reported and observed …

Neurophysiological And Psychological Characteristics Of Individuals With History Of Lateral Ankle Sprain, Katherine Bain

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is among the most common lower limb musculoskeletal injuries impacting both the general and sport populations. Even more problematic is that approximately 70% of individuals who sustain an LAS develop residual deficits. Of that subgroup, roughly 40% develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Chronic ankle instability is a clinical diagnosis defined by the presence of ongoing impairments following the initial LAS which may include perceived instability, pain, mechanical instability, and episodes of giving way during physical activity. Not all who sustain multiple ankle sprains or experience residual deficits fit the clinical diagnosis criteria for CAI; yet may …

Efficacy Of Power Training To Improve Physical Function In Individuals Diagnosed With Frailty And Chronic Disease: A Meta-Analysis, Alexander B. Sklivas, Lauren E. Robinson, Timothy L. Uhl, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, Kirby P. Mayer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Muscle power training with emphasis on high-velocity of concentric movement improves physical functionality in healthy older adults, and, maybe superior to traditional exercise programs. Power training may also be advantageous for patients with acute and chronic illnesses, as well as frail individuals. To determine the efficacy of power training compared with traditional resistance training on physical function outcomes in individuals diagnosed with frailty, acute illness or chronic disease. PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. (1) at least one study group receives muscle power training of randomized controlled trial (RCT) (2) study participants diagnosed as prefrail, frail …

Bending The Elbow During Shoulder Flexion Facilitates Greater Scapular Upward Rotation And A More Favorable Scapular Muscle Activation Pattern, Alon Rabin, Brakha R. Tabi, Timothy L. Uhl, Zvi Kozol

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Context: Decreased scapular upward rotation (UR) and diminished activation of the serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) are often observed among patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Maintaining the elbow fully flexed during shoulder flexion may limit glenohumeral motion due to passive insufficiency of the triceps brachii and therefore facilitate greater scapular UR and increased scapular muscle activation. Objectives: To compare scapular UR, SA, upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius, and LT activation levels between shoulder flexion with the elbow extended (Flexion-EE) to shoulder flexion with the elbow fully flexed (Flexion-EF). This study hypothesized that Flexion-EF would result in …

Psychosocial Factors Affecting Intention To Play Esports, Soojung Park

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In recent years, the negative perspective about esports that used to dominate the opinion of many people as well as sports researchers has gradually been changing in the academic world. Previous studies have shown that psychosocial values of esports such as having fun, escaping from daily life, and social interaction. However, previous studies on motivations for esports gameplay were conducted from qualitative research perspectives, focusing on esports viewership, and there has comparatively been little esports gameplay research from a quantitative perspective. Against the qualitative research heavy background, the purpose of this research is to examine the psychosocial factors that influence …

Individual Differences And Transfer Of Visual Anticipation In Expert Female Field Hockey Goalkeepers, Khaya Morris-Binelli, Sean Muller, Fleur E.C.A. Van Rens, Allen G. Harbaugh, Simon M. Rosalie

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Significance: Visual anticipation is vital for performance in several domains such as driving, military, and high-speed interceptive sports, as it enables performers to handle severe time constraints. There has been little investigation into individual differences of anticipation skill transfer within a domain, which can guide training of anticipation to improve performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual differences in the transfer of anticipation within a domain, specifically anticipation of the field hockey penalty corner drag-flick across different opponents.

Methods: Eight female Australian international and national field hockey goalkeepers participated. Goalkeepers completed female and male opponent penalty …

Characteristics Of Patient Encounters For Athletic Training Students During Clinical Education: A Report From The Aate Research Network, Cailee E. Welch Bacon, Julie M. Cavallario, Stacy E. Walker, R.Curtis Bay, Bonnie L. Van Lunen

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context: To enhance the quality of patient care, athletic training students (ATSs) should experience a wide variety of clinical practice settings, interact with diverse patient populations, and engage with patients that have a wide variety of conditions. It is unclear in what ways, if any, ATSs have diverse opportunities during clinical experiences.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of patient encounters (PEs) ATSs engage in during clinical experiences. Design: Multi-site, panel design.

Setting: 12 professional athletic training programs (ATPs; 5 Bachelor, 7 Master's).

Patients or Other Participants: 363 ATSs from the ATPs that used E*Value software to document PEs during clinical …

Core Competency-Related Professional Behaviors During Patient Encounters: A Report From The Association For Athletic Training Education Research Network, Cailee E. Welch Bacon, Julie M. Cavallario, Stacy E. Walker, Curtis Bay, Bonnie L. Van Lunen

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Context: To enhance the quality of patient care, it is important that athletic trainers integrate the components of the core competencies (CCs; evidence-based practice [EBP], patient-centered care [PCC], health information technology [HIT], interprofessional education and collaborative practice [IPECP], quality improvement [QI], professionalism) as a part of routine clinical practice. In what ways, if any, athletic training students (ATSs) are currently integrating CCs into patient encounters (PEs) during clinical experiences is unclear.

Objective: To describe which professional behaviors associated with the CCs were implemented by ATSs during PEs that occurred during clinical experiences.

Design: Multisite panel design.

Setting: A total of …

Maximal Strength In Relation To Force And Velocity Patterns During Countermovement Jumps, Michael H. Haischer, John Krzyszkowski, Stuart Roche, Kristof Kipp

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Maximal strength is important for the performance of dynamic athletic activities, such as countermovement jumps (CMJ). Although measures of maximal strength appear related to discrete CMJ variables, such as peak ground reaction forces (GRF) and center-of-mass (COM) velocity, knowledge about the association between strength and the time series patterns during CMJ will help characterize changes that can be expected in dynamic movement with changes in maximal strength. Purpose: To investigate the associations between maximal strength and GRF and COM velocity patterns during CMJ. Methods: Nineteen female college lacrosse players performed 3 maximal-effort CMJs and isometric midthigh pull. GRF …

Resilience Among Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: Pattern And Correlates, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Ariel Kidwell, Rachel E. Bollaert, Robert W. Motl

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

There is an increasing number of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who present with significant challenges associated with aging in conjunction with a chronic, disabling disease. Resilience has been associated with healthy aging in the general population, yet there is limited research on resilience and its correlates among older adults with MS. The current study investigated the difference in resilience between older adults with MS and demographically matched healthy controls. We then examined the associations between resilience and functional, symptomatic, socio-behavioral, and QOL outcomes, along with demographic and clinical characteristics, among only older adults with MS. Method: The …

Hip And Knee Joint Angle Patterns And Kicking Velocity In Female And Male Professional Soccer Players: A Principal Component Analysis Of Waveforms Approach, Archit Navandar, Kristof Kipp, Enrique Navarro

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

This study used principal component analysis (PCA) of waveforms to extract movement patterns from hip and knee angle time-series data; and determined if the extracted movement patterns were predictors of ball velocity during a soccer kick. Twenty-three female and nineteen male professional soccer players performed maximal effort instep kicks while motion capture and post-impact ball velocities data were recorded. Three-dimensional hip and knee joint angle time-series data were calculated from the beginning of the kicking leg’s backswing phase until the end of the follow-through phase and entered into separate PCAs for females and males. Three principal components (PC) (i.e., movement …

Corticospinal Activity During A Single-Leg Stance In People With Chronic Ankle Instability, Masafumi Terada, Kyle B. Kosik, Ryan S. Mccann, Colin Drinkard, Phillip A. Gribble

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), lateral ankle sprain copers, and healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-three participants with CAI, 23 lateral ankle sprain copers, and 24 healthy control participants volunteered. Active motor threshold (AMT), normalized motor-evoked potential (MEP), and cortical silent period (CSP) were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing task.

Results: Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100% of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120% of AMT compared to …

An Online Educational Resource On Adaptive Sports For People With Spinal Cord Injuries, Rachel Morgan, Steven M. Gerardi

Fall 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

A spinal cord injury (SCI) has a serious impact on an individual’s participation in everyday life activities, leading to a high risk of a sedentary life-style. There is a paucity of research pertaining to adaptive sport participation post-injury and the role of occupational therapy (OT). Additionally, there are limited resources available that inform people with SCI on the benefits of adapted sports or where to go to engage in them. As such, this paper describes the development of a doctoral capstone project to address this need. The purpose of this capstone project was to create an educational web page that …

Effects On Adherence And Comprehension With Video Demonstration Support Versus Traditional Home Exercise Programs: Culminating Project, Emily E. Morales

Department of Occupational Therapy Entry-Level Capstone Projects

This culminating project examines the need for video-supported home exercise programs (HEP) in outpatient hand therapy clinics in South Jersey by developing a YouTube channel. This YouTube channel will consist of HEPs for common upper extremity diagnoses including proper demonstration of each exercise and clear concise written instructions within a playlist correlating to diagnosis. Advance clinical skill in hand therapy is the main goal for this capstone project. An analysis was completed evaluating adherence and comprehension when clients are prescribed traditional HEP to HEP supported by a video demonstration. The ultimate goal of this project was to establish an easily …

Designing And Evaluating An Intervention To Target Functional Movement, Flexibility, And Strength In Paddle Whitewater Raft Guides, Leah Irwin

All Theses

According to the Outdoor Industry Association (2020), about 3.4 million people across the United States went whitewater-rafting in 2019. The majority of the research on whitewater rafting has focused on guest injuries, with less attention on the whitewater raft guides, who have an arduous job and are at risk for shoulder, back, and hip injuries. In addition to these injuries, rafting guides also experience bilateral imbalances from utilizing a dominant guiding side. One way to prevent these types of injuries and imbalances is to improve functional movement, strength, and range of motion (ROM). The goal of this study was to …

Access To Care, Reporting Behaviors, And Quality Of Athletic Training Service Interactions For Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets, Mary Catherine Avey, Amy F. Hand, Nancy A. Uriegas, Allison B. Smith, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) programs prepare student-civilians to become leaders through strenuous physical and leadership training. Unlike their student-athlete counterparts who have direct access to athletic training services, ROTC cadets may or may not have a healthcare provider available. The purpose of this study was to examine the access to care and reporting behaviors of ROTC cadets with a secondary aim exploring the quality of healthcare service interactions relative to patient-centered care.

Methods: An online survey assessed access to care using a self-report tool on the type of medical providers available to the ROTC cadets (n=132, age=20±3 …

A Comparison Of Treatment Options For Carpal Boss: A Critically Appraised Topic, Megan M. Collins, Matthew J. Rivera

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Carpal bossing is a bony growth or mass that typically occurs at the 2^nd or 3^rd carpometacarpal joint. Carpal bossing is often overlooked placing the patient at an increased risk for pain or injury, such as osteoarthritis or inflammatory joint disease if left untreated. Individuals such as combat sport athletes who experience repetitive trauma to this area are at a high risk to develop carpal bossing. The literature suggests conservative or surgical interventions to manage symptoms. The goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the current literature for clinical knowledge and intervention outcomes for carpal bossing. …

Utilizing Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training To Improve Aerobic Capacity In Physically Active And Injured Individuals: A Critically Appraised Topic, Melissa O. Miller, Kacee L. Hill, Jaclyn Arduini, Aric J. Warren

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: To determine if, in physically active individuals, low-intensity Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training is more effective than training without BFR at improving measures of aerobic capacity.

Methods: A database search was conducted for articles that matched inclusion criteria (minimum level 2 evidence, physically active participants, comparison of low-intensity BFR to no BFR training, comparison of pre-post testing with aerobic fitness or performance, training protocols >2 weeks, studies published after 2010) by two authors and assessed by one using the PEDro scale (a minimum of 5/10 was required) to ensure level 2 quality studies that were then analyzed.

Results: Four …

Concussion-Related Alterations In Neural Activity During Emotion Recognition: Case Studies Of Short-Term And Residual Effects, Joshua Ricker, Kylee Smith, Alexandra Schmidt, Andrea Cripps, Palguna Thalla, Howard C. Cromwell, Xin Wang

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Concussions have recently become an area of concern among the general public, but a clear understanding of their total consequence is still being developed. Symptoms of concussions are wide-ranging, encapsulating a plethora of cognitive and emotional abilities that could be affected. Concussions transiently disrupt neural activation as well as behavioral responses across multiple categories. Skills pertaining to various aspects of emotions are often affected yet have rarely been studied after concussions. We present two case studies of collegiate athletes with a history of multiple concussions. This paper highlights the case of a collegiate athlete who had obtained two previous concussions …

Mindfulness Training's Effect Of Pain Outcomes In Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review, Elizabeth Cruze, Kenneth E. Games

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Athletic trainers frequently address and treat musculoskeletal pain (MSK). Complementary and alternative techniques for treating pain are becoming more widely accepted and utilized in clinical practice. Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is a meditation-based program that is designed to help patients learn to feel things in a non-judgmental way. Previous systematic reviews on mindfulness training have focused a range of conditions including IBS, fibromyalgia, and migraines. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine if the literature supports the use of MBSR as an intervention for MSK pain. Methods: We completed a systematic review utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion …

In-Season Concussion Symptom Reporting In Male And Female Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Emily E. Kieffer,, P. Gunnar Brolinson, Arthur C. Maerlender, Eric Smith, Steven Rowson

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Symptom inventories are generally only collected after a suspected concussion, but regular in-season monitoring may allude to clinical symptoms associated with repetitive subconcussive impacts and potential undiagnosed concussions. Despite sex-specific differences in symptom presentation and outcome of concussion, no return-to-play protocol takes sex into account. The objective of this study was to monitor a cohort of contact-sport athletes and compare the frequency and severity of in-season concussion-like symptom reporting between sexes. Graded symptom checklists from 144 female and 104 male athlete-seasons were administered weekly to quantify the effect of subconcussive impacts on frequency and severity of in-season symptom reporting. In-season, …

Cryotherapy, Emma E. Bedell

Student Publications

Rest and recovery are vital for athletes to give their bodies time to repair and strengthen between workouts. Whole-body cryotherapy involves exposing the body to vapors that reach ultra-low temperatures, ranging from -200°F to -300°F. There are several possible beneficial mechanisms from whole-body cryotherapy that support a fast recovery such as muscle temperature decrease, reduction in muscle damage, reduction in inflammation, reduction in heart rate and cardiac output, peripheral vasoconstriction, reduction in peripheral edema formation, and pain-relieving effects. This paper dissects the adaptations cryotherapy provides in athletic recovery, and additionally notes some draw backs of this cooling technique.

Kaatsu Training, Efrain De Leon Angon

Student Publications

This paper explores the use of blood flow restriction training as a rehabilitation tool in physical therapy and as a training method for the general population such as the fact that BFR training can be an alternative option for individuals who cannot tolerate high-load resistance training due to injury or surgery. This allows BFR training to be used by a wide spectrum of ages and physical capacities. However, the safety of BFR is still being questioned as well as its effects on well-trained athletes.

Prevalence Of Soccer Heading In Middle School American Youth Club Soccer Players, Pedro Gonzalez-Cabrera, Mohan Ganesan, Julie Jameson, Deanna M. Hughes

Physical Therapy Collection

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of soccer heading during a season in a youth soccer club competitive team

Heading events were recorded real time using a recording datasheet for a single team and their opponent teams during the 2014 season of a youth soccer league. Position on the field at the time of the heading event was also documented.

Mean heading events were 35.5 events/match. A paired sample t-test showed no statistically significant difference between observed team and opponent teams. Mean standardized assessment of concussion (SAC) score for the observed soccer team was 24.9±2.6 (out …

The Challenge Of Water Entries, Andrea S. Andrews, Shayne D. Baker

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The authors presented a poster at the International Life Saving Foundation's World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2019 in Durban, South Africa titled, "Finding an Aquatic Voice," that was the basis for this article. The conference theme was "Growing Global Drowning Prevention Capacity,” and the aim of our poster’s contribution to the conference was to explore internal reasons for the variable capacity of water-wary persons to engage in water experiences which often manifest as a “water entry and exit conundrum." The paper provides critical decision points associated with these issues to encourage further reflective practice by aquatic professionals. The …

Do Water Safety Lessons Improve Water Safety Knowledge?, Michael J. Tipton, Joseph Muller, Cristian Abelairas Gomez, Jo Corbett

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

A person, usually a child or young adult, dies by drowning every 90 seconds around the planet. Most drowning prevention initiatives do not assess the efficacy of the intervention. In this study, thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds had their level of water safety knowledge (covering cold shock, rips and tides) assessed before, just after, and 3-6 months after one, 25-minute water safety lesson on these topics. We evaluated the knowledge gained and retained on water safety “awareness” (i.e., knowledge of risks) and “confidence” in terms of knowing what to do in an emergency. The results demonstrated that the lesson significantly increased water …