Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

Medical Skepticism And Diabetes Management In African Americans, Pamela Bouyer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in African Americans is a manageable disease, and self-management interventions reduce complications and hospital stays. However, in the African American population, traditional T2DM self-management interventions do not produce long-term effects on lifestyle and behavior changes. Researchers have analyzed the barriers and interventions associated with the disease, but the problem still exists. Medical skepticism may influence T2DM management and health outcomes in African Americans. However, there is scarce literature addressing the relationship between medical skepticism and health outcomes (eye and kidney problems). The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between medical skepticism and outcomes …

Demographic, Lifestyle, And Psychosocial Predictors Of Obesity Among Nigerian Igbo Immigrants, Ahamefula Arthur Duru

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is known as a risk factor for chronic diseases, and a contributor to health disparities among minorities and vulnerable persons. There is a paucity of data on Nigeria Igbos on obesity risks in the United States; therefore, studying obesity in this population may help policymakers tailor interventions that could reduce the prevalence of obesity. The purpose of the study was to examine the predictors of obesity among Nigerian Igbo immigrants in the United States. This study sought to examine lifestyle, psychosocial, and demographic factors as unique predictors of obesity in Nigeria Igbo immigrants. The social-ecological model and acculturation theory …

Association Of Landfall Atlantic Tropical Storms And Human Cases Of Locally Acquired West Nile Virus Infection In Florida, Jackson G. Mosley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

West Nile virus (WNv) is the most widely distributed flavivirus and considered a vector-borne pathogen of global significance. During the study period from 2002 to 2018, WNv had the highest incidence of locally acquired human cases when compared to any other mosquito borne illness in Florida with 373 cases documented during the study period. The purpose of the study is to determine if there is an association between Florida landfall tropical storms (LTS) and the incidence of locally acquired human WNv cases from 2002 through 2018. The study used a retrospective ecological study design guided by the epidemiological triad model …

Population-Level Determinants Of Cholera Incidence In African Countries, Ngoy Nsenga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cholera remains endemic in Africa, with limited access to safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation as 2 of the main drivers of its dissemination. Few studies have examined the impact of health system capacity, even though it plays an important role in prevention, early detection, and response to a cholera outbreak. Grounded in the ecosocial theory of infectious disease dissemination, this quantitative ecological study explored the effect of social vulnerability (as measured by access to safe drinking water and sanitation, rate of open defecation, poverty, income inequality, gender inequality, and adult literacy) and health system (as measured by health financing …

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Abortion Rates Among Black Women In The United States, Lincoln Don Washington

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abortion has been a public health issue since the procedure became legal 47 years ago and, clinicians have performed 60,069,971 abortions from 1973 to 2017 in the United States. In 2014, a significant decline in abortion rates has been recorded in almost every state, as well as across different subpopulations when segregated by age, race/ethnicity, education, income, or geographic locations. However, abortion rates were still significantly higher among Black women relative to the U.S. average, prompting the need to examine the causes of this disparity. The main purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate and determine the sociodemographic causing …

Sexual Education, Sexual Initiation, And Contraceptive Use Among African American Young Women, Kineka J. Hull

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unintended pregnancy is associated with adverse social, economic, and health outcomes making it a public health concern. African American (AA) women aged 18–24 are at higher risk of unintended pregnancy due to earlier sexual initiation and non-use, inconsistent, or improper use of contraceptive methods (CM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which receipt of formal sexual health education (FSHE) impacts age of sexual initiation and contraceptive use and selection of more effective CMs (ECMs) among AA women aged 18–24 (N = 242) who have sex with men. Driven by the reasoned action approach, 2015–2017 National …

The Relationship Between Mental Illness And Mass Shooting, Priscilla Ngozi Chukwueke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractWhenever a mass shooting occurs, it impacts the immediate families of the perpetrator, victims, and the whole nation: emotionally and financially. The research on the association between mental illness (MI) and mass shooting fatalities is limited. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to explore the association between MI and mass shooting using the archival data of the Stanford University database of mass shootings in America from 2000 to 2016. The theoretical framework was based on Bronfenbrenner’s social-ecological theory and the cognitive-behavioral theory to explain socio-environmental factors that impact human growth and development. The results showed that the proportion …

Retention, Viral Suppression, And Care Models In Hiv Positive Children And Adolescents In Cameroon, Eveline Mboh Khan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa with poor treatment outcomes in children and adolescents (C&As). There is a lack of information on the effects of various HIV care models (Child and Adolescent Friendly Clinic model and Support Group model) on retention in care and Viral Suppression (VS) in Cameroon. This study was carried out to identify the care model with the best outcomes for C&As, inform national scale-up strategies, resource prioritization, and contribute to the existing literature. A quantitative retrospective cohort review approach guided by the social cognitive theory was used to analyze …

Impact Of Education On Hiv Testing Among African American Women In The United States, Florence Matimbah Mbangowah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Improved and increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among African American women in the United States could facilitate early detection of the virus. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine if there was a significant association between HIV testing participation and education level (i.e., high school, college, post-college level) based on access to healthcare after accounting for insurance, income, employment, marital status, English language proficiency, and vision quality. The integrated theory of health behavior change, the theoretical framework used for this research, proposes that changes in health behavior can be improved by various factors such as fostering …

Prevention Practices And West Nile Virus Infection Among Ethnic Minorities, Texas, Bayabel Debebe Mengistu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is a major public health problem and the cause of nearly 25% of the world's economic burden of disease. While the risk factors for developing West Nile fever and West Nile disease from WNV infection have been identified, it is not known how knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAB), access to health care (AHC), and comorbidities are associated with prevention practices of WNV infection among ethnic minorities. The aim of this study was to examine the association between KAB, AHC, comorbidities, and prevention practices of WNV infection among ethnic minorities in Texas. KAB, AHC. Comorbidities were used …

Planned Behavior And Congolese Physicians’ Practice: Predicting Advanced Preventive Health Services Provision, Jean-Clément Milabu Mumbusi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The provision of preventive services, health promotion, and health maintenance has become the cornerstone of primary care practice in the United States and other Western countries to prevent morbidity and premature mortality and to increase the quality and years of a healthy life. Unfortunately, the delivery of these advanced preventive health services (APHS) has been sporadic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a country with poor health indicators. The purpose of this cross-sectional mixed-method study was to apply Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the intention of Congolese primary care physicians (PCPs) in the provision of APHS. Using …

Voluntary Male Circumcision And Risk For Human Immunodeficiency Virus In Homa Bay, Kenya, George Obhai Gabriel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The role played by the belief about voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in predicting HIV status has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any differences between belief about VMMC, unprotected sex, age, number of sexual partners, relationship status, and HIV status among circumcised males aged between 18-49 years in Homa Bay County, Kenya. Drawing from the health belief model and case-control study design, 936 men were recruited based on their HIV status (468 HIV cases and 468 controls). A bivariate logistic regression was applied, and the results indicated that unprotected sex, age, …

Obesity, Snoring, Sleep Apnea, And Coronary Heart Disease, Maryam Khalilah Muhammad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant public health issue that affects communities across all socioeconomic and demographic groups. Risk factors for CHD include sleep apnea and snoring. Obesity with short sleep duration also places individuals at higher risk for CHD. Although limited research has been conducted on CHD and its relationship to obesity, sleep apnea, and snoring as individual risk factors for CHD, a gap exists as these factors had not been studied as paired in this study. The purpose of this quantitative, cross sectional study was to determine if a significant relationship existed between obesity, snoring, sleep apnea, …

Association Of Social Support And Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans, Jacketta Renee Cobbs

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression affects over 120 million individuals worldwide; in the United States, depression is a leading cause of disability for individuals’ ages 15-44 years. Social support can affect both physical and depressive symptoms; therefore, most patients with heart failure (HF) need support from family and/or friends to effectively manage their health condition. This indicates family and/or friends are expected to be the core support system for long term care of those with HF. The purpose of this study was to determine whether social support contributes to depressive symptoms among African Americans with HF. The research questions examined the experience of different …

The Caregiver Advise Record And Enable (Care) Act And Compassion Fatigue In The United States, Karen Marie Johnson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The transition from hospital to home can be complicated, leaving family caregivers in stressful situations that they may not know how to handle. The burden that is placed on these individuals has led researchers to focus on the public health implications of caregiving in hopes of identifying at-risk caregivers. This quantitative analysis identified what relationships exist between caregiver compassion fatigue among family caregivers and training or education received per the Caregiver Advise Record and Enable (CARE) Act and if education influences readmission rates. A purposive sample of 385 family caregivers participated in this study. The Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15), the …

Epidemiology Of Marijuana Use And Mental Health In The Context Of Changing Policies, David G. Harvey Ii

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, but few studies have addressed this association following the recent increase in marijuana legalization laws. Therefore, using the social ecological model and the self-medication theory of addiction as theoretical frameworks, the purpose of this retrospective database study was to assess the relationship between marijuana use and major depression and suicidal ideation in both adults and adolescents in 2008 and 2017. Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed using logistic regression at the p < .05 threshold for statistical significance. Results demonstrated positive, statistically significant relationships between marijuana use and both major depression and suicidal ideation for both adults and adolescents in both 2008 and 2017. Further, the strengths of these relationships generally increased between 2008 and 2017, coincident with the increase in marijuana legalization laws. These findings provide empirical support to the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, and that the strength of these associations is increasing following the increase in marijuana legalization laws. This study has important implication for positive social change by identifying significant relationships between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders and revealing that these relationships are strengthening over time, coincident with the increase in marijuana legalization laws.

Predictors Of Condom Use Among High School Students In North Carolina, Danielle Cierra Robinson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The spread of sexually transmitted diseases is a major ongoing public health issue in North Carolina. Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years have consistently contributed to this trend. Researchers have found that condom use among high school students has decreased. High school students continue to engage in sex with multiple partners, with lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, even though sex education and prevention programs have been recommended. The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate the predictors of condom use among adolescents. The socioecological model theoretical framework was applied to guide this research involving …

Socioeconomic And Sociocultural Factors Associated With Parenting Choice And Fertility Experience Among Lesbian And Nonlesbian Women, Annette Silvia

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Minorities including lesbians may face disparities that contribute to minority stress, which leads to adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this social epidemiology study was to examine the association between insured status, perceived stress, and parental status among lesbians and nonlesbians. The theoretical foundation was minority stress, and the design was quantitative with a convenience sample of women aged 18 years and older. Data on demographics, perceived stress, fertility quality of life, and lesbian identity disclosure were collected via online survey. Among the 314 respondents, 102 self-selected as lesbian (49% parents), and 212 self-selected as nonlesbian (73.1% parents). More than …

Demographic, Environmental, And Clinical Variables Associated With Dengue In Saint Lucia, Brendan Lee

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease of public health concern on the world stage. In Saint Lucia, the disease has been endemic for years. Little research has been published on the specific epidemiology of dengue in Saint Lucia, and this study sought to identify the risk factors associated with the disease specific to the island. This study was underpinned by ecological theory, which is used to explain the possible relationships between risk factors and the occurrence of dengue. This three-manuscript study was used to evaluate the relationship between demographic, environmental, and clinical variables and the occurrence of dengue as …

Demographics, Naloxone Accessibility, And Repeat Opioid Overdose In The United States, Craig Hamp Booker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 2.1 million people in the United States suffer from opioid use disorder, and over 47,600 people die from opioid-related overdoses each year. Opioid overdose is often treated with naloxone, a quick-acting medication that counteracts the effects of an overdose. This quantitative, correlational study was conducted to determine whether demographics (gender, age, and race) and naloxone accessibility were predictors of repeat opioid overdose in a Tennessee county in the United States. The study was developed and conducted using principles of the diffusion of innovations theory. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using secondary, county-level data (n = 967) from emergency …

Predictors Of The Health Effects Of Marijuana Use On The Hepatic Function, Makafui Kokou Gbogbo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The quantity of marijuana use, the length of time it was used, and the age of initiation of the drug are at the core of the discussions about the potential health effects of marijuana use on the liver. Results of recent studies regarding how the drug affects human health have resulted in a number of conflicting conclusions. Nevertheless, based on these findings, marijuana users are being denied liver transplants. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of the health effects of marijuana on the liver and provide guidance in the care management of marijuana users. To address the …

Factors Associated With Flu Vaccination Status Among Older Hispanics In The United States, William Esteban Toledo Velazquez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractOlder Hispanics in the United States are less likely to be vaccinated with the flu vaccine compared to older White Americans, despite being at higher risk of influenza-associated deaths and hospitalizations. A quantitative cross-sectional study based on the social ecological model was carried out to evaluate the influence of several sociodemographic and health factors on flu vaccination status among elderly Hispanic individuals in the United States. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using secondary data collected from 95,414 elderly Hispanic and White American 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System participants. Multivariate logistic regressions controlling for other variables revealed health care coverage …

Access To Healthcare For American Indians Residing In The Northeast United States, Kristine D. Thomas-Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Urban American Indians/Alaskan Natives (AIs/ANs) have limited access to health care in comparison to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), which furthers health disparities for indigenous communities. The purpose of this quantitative, nonexperimental study, which was guided by the socioecological model, was to examine the relationship between access to health care and healthcare utilization among urban AIs/ANs and urban NHWs in the Northeast United States. The research questions addressed the difference in access to healthcare based on health insurance, difference in healthcare utilization, and whether there is an association between health care access and health care utilization for AIs in the Northeast United …

Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk 3m Plus Terhadap Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Kota Pekanbaru; Studi Kasus Kontrol, Tyagita Widya Sari, Retno Putri

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus Dengue dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Riau melaporkan jumlah kasus DBD sebanyak 277 dan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) DBD sebesar 1,4% pada tahun 2016, di mana kasus terbanyak berasal dari Kota Pekanbaru yaitu 58 kasus dengan CFR sebesar 0%. Adapun, CFR DBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki meningkat dari 0% pada tahun 2015 menjadi 0,7% pada tahun 2016. DBD merupakan penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang dapat dicegah dengan melakukan tindakan pengendalian vektor, antara lain dengan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) dan tindakan pencegahan lainnya. Akan …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berkontribusi Terhadap Kejadian Luar Biasa Hepatitis A Di Pesantren X Kab. Cirebon, Januari 2018, Ima Ananda, Syahrizal Syarif, Ade Nurlina

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kejadian luar biasa Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X pada bulan Januari 2018 merupakan KLB Hepatitis A pertama di Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian suspek Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah kasus 30 orang dan kontrol 53 orang. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh santri Pondok Pesantren X Kabupaten Cirebon. Kasus adalah suspek hepatitis A yaitu santri Pondok Pesantren X yang mengalami gejala jaundice dan air kencing berwarna seperti teh pada periode Desember 2017-Januari 2018. Kontrol adalah santri Pondok Pesantren X yang tidak mengalami gejala jaundice dan …

Association Of Obesity And Negative Acid-Fast Bacilli Finding Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Nadya Magfira, Md Ikhsan Mokoagow, Ida Ayu Kshanti, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

non-diabetes mellitus population. However, it’s effect on PTB in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient is unclear. The study aims to determine the association between obesity and PTB in patient with T2DM. A cross sectional study was held in in-patient, The Department of Internal Medi cine, Fatmawati General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. This study includes patient with T2DM who had been diagnosed with PTB and age > 18 years old. In this study negative Acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) founding defined as patient’s sputum is negative by smear microscopy, while obesity define as body mass index > 24.9 kg/m2. From 363 PTB …

Hubungan Wilayah Tempat Tinggal Dengan Pemberian Asi Ekslusif Pada Anak 0-5 Bulan Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia) Tahun 2017, Andi Karnila, Krisnawati Bantas

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

ASI ekslusif dapat mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Wilayah tempat tinggal perkotaan dan pedesaan memiliki keterkaitan dengan praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara wilayah tempat tinggal dengan praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif pada anak 0-5 bulan di Indonesia. Desain studi penelitian yaitu cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan diseluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ASI ekslusif sebagai variabel dependen, wilayah tempat tinggal sebagai variabel independen dan variabel perancu yang terdiri dari umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, paritas, kondisi depresi ibu, status bekerja, status ekonomi, status pernikahan, …

Pengaruh Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Terhadap Kematian Neonatal Pada Bayi Berat Lahir >2500 Gram Dan Pada Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Di Indonesia, Ana Maina Rezky, Asri C. Adisasmita

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kematian balita banyak terjadi pada masa neonatal. Inisiasi menyusu dini merupakan salah satu bentuk perawatan esensial saat lahir dan sebagai kunci awal dalam meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup bayi neonatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh inisiasi menyusu dini terhadap kematian neonatal pada bayi berat lahir > 2500 gram dan pada bayi berat lahir rendah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam SDKI diperoleh melalui wawancara responden menggunakan kuesioner. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam SDKI yakni pertama melakukan pemilihan sejumlah primary sample unit (PSU) secara probability proportional to size (PPS), …

Efek Asi Eksklusif Terhadap Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-59 Bulan Di Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2019, Hardya Gustada Hikmahrachim, Rinawati Rohsiswatmo, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stunting, atau perawakan pendek, berhubungan erat dengan hambatan kemampuan kognitif dan kualitas hidup. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia mencapai 30,8% tahun 2018. Stunting dipengaruhi pemenuhan nutrisi di awal kehidupan, salah satunya melalui ASI eksklusif. Meskipun cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia sudah 74,5%, hubungan stunting dengan ASI eksklusif seringkali tidak konsisten akibat keberagaman kuantitas dan kualitas ASI. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui efek ASI eksklusif terhadap stunting di Kabupaten Bogor, sebagai salah satu daerah tinggi stunting di Indonesia. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, pada Februari sampai April 2019. Kriteria inklusi adalah balita usia 6-59 bulan …

Air Pollution & Asthma Prevalence: Hotspot Analysis On Environmental Injustice In Buffalo, New York, Zuveria Shaguphta

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

This research aims to focus on the historical impacts of segregation in these communities (with Census Bureau data) and whether we see that these are the areas with continued segregation and a disproportionate number of TRI facilities. The third part of this research will be to investigate the presence of asthma in these neighborhoods as documented by the New York State Health Department. Asthma is a chronic disease in which the airways are inflamed due to some kind of external factor causing this reaction. Literature shows that there is a relationship between outdoor air pollution from combustion of fossil fuels …