International Public Health Commons^™

Uncovering The Stories Behind The Numbers : A Case Study Of Maternal Death Surveillance And Response In Goma, Democratic Republic Of Congo., Baraka Muvuka

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Globally, 303 000 women die each year from preventable causes related to pregnancy, with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) having the tenth highest maternal mortality rate. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) is a surveillance-action cycle that aims to eliminate preventable maternal mortality by linking actionable data on maternal deaths with multi-level actions. While countries are increasingly adopting MDSR, there are research gaps on its implementation, outcomes, and best practices in developing countries including the DRC. This study assessed MDSR implementation in Goma Health Zone (HZ), DRC, specifically its structure, process, quality, outcomes, and influencing factors. A qualitative case …

The Prevalence And Context Of Adult Female Overweight And Obesity In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adult women bear a disproportionate burden of overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Precise information to understand disease distribution and assess determinants is lacking. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to: (i) analyze the prevalence of adult female overweight and obesity combined in lower-level administrative units; (ii) analyze the effect modification of educational attainment and age on the association between household wealth and adult female overweight and obesity; (iii) synthesize qualitative research evidence to describe contextual factors contributing to female overweight and obesity at different life stages. Bayesian and logistic regression models were constructed with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Among People Who Inject Drugs In Cambodia: A National Biological And Behavioral Survey., Siyan Yi, Phalkun Mun, Pheak Chhoun, Navy Chann, Sovannary Tuot, Gitau Mburu

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global health concern. Despite evidence of the relationship between injecting drug use and HCV, studies on HCV among people who inject drugs in developing countries remain scarce. To address this need, we conducted this study to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV antibody positivity among people who inject drugs in Cambodia.

METHODS: Data used for this study were collected as part of the National Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey among people who use and inject drugs conducted in 2017. We used the respondent-driven sampling method to recruit participants in …

Total And Free Plasma Bilirubin And Clinical Outcomes In Severe Hyperbilirubinemia, Sean M. Riordan, Jean-Baptiste Lepichon, Steven Shapiro, Tina Slusher, Fatima Abdullahi, Hafsat M. Suleiman, Victor C. Pam, Mamu B. Samuel, Christopher S. Yilgwan, Christian Isichei, Idris Y. Mohammed

Posters

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD) have become relatively uncommon in high income countries but remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. To better understand the relationship between free (Bf) and total (TB) bilirubin levels and the development of ABE and KSD we followed infants born in three large tertiary centers in northern and central Nigeria (Jos, Kano and Zaria).

Developing Technologically Advanced Research In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Isa Abdulkadir, Tina Slusher, Fidelia Bode-Thomas, Sean Riordan, Jean-Baptiste Lepichon, Laila Hassan, Shehu Abdullahi, Akinyemi Ofakunrin, Stephen Oguche, Steven Shapiro, William Ogala

Posters

This poster presents a collaboration between a group of scientists in Nigeria and the USA in developing a genomic research project and the solutions adopted in tackling the ethical implications and partnership equity and ownership of such a project.

3 Cm Researchers Honored With Endowed Chairs, Children's Mercy Hospital

Our Story Continues

Susan Abdel-Rahman, PharmD received the Marion Merrell Dow/Missouri Chair in Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology. Shao Jiang, MD received the Frederick J. McCoy Endowed Chair in Plastic Surgery and Craniofacial Research. Cy Nadler, PhD received the Josh Barnds and Stella Carlson Endowed Professorship for Autism.

Expanding International Health Curriculum For The Internal Medicine Residency At Mmc, Brian King, Hassan Mahmoud, Anthony Pastore

Thinking Matters Symposium Archive

While internal medicine residents at Maine Medical Center provide care for many refugees and immigrants, there is not a formal international health curriculum to equip residents to care for this vulnerable population. Since 2002, 3,793 refugees have arrived in Maine for resettlement. Our aim was to survey residents about their interest in added international health instruction and design an educational curriculum for these physicians.

"As Parents, How On Earth Are We Going To Handle This Issue": Provider And Parent Views On Sexuality-Related Challenges During Adolescence Among International Hiv-Infected Adoptees In The U.S., Sarah Alger, Cynthia Fair

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

As the number of internationally adopted children with HIV has increased since 2010 in the U.S., more children may have additional educational needs, particularly related to sexuality, as they mature. After conducting 48 hour-long, semi-structured interviews with parents and providers, the qualitative analysis shows that many parents' adoption decisions are driven by faith, which can influence the child's ability to gain vital sexual education given their HIV status. Parents of internationally adopted children with HIV could benefit from the support of healthcare providers to better understand the importance of sexual and reproductive health during adolescence.

Health On The Move: Health-Seeking Behavior Of Changpa Nomads In Ladakh, India, Maya Lubeck-Schricker

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The goal of this study is to understand the health-seeking behavior of Changpa nomads in the Changthang region of Ladakh, India including what health issues these communities face, what they do when they fall sick, any preventative health behavior they implement, as well as the health infrastructure available to them. Very little literature exists on the health seeking-behavior of people in South Asia in general, much less among nondominant lifestyles such as that of nomadic or semi-nomadic people. As such, this research hopes to move towards closing that knowledge gap by conducting and analyzing 26 in depth semi-structured interviews and …

Z4, A Slow Puncture: An Autoethnographic Exploration Of Language, Embodiment, And Meaning-Making, Charlotte Rose Samuels

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In my ISP, I explored language as it relates to the ways in which people living in Cato Manor make sense of HIV/AIDS in their community. With 7.1-7.2 million people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in South Africa, individuals across the country are either infected or affected by illness. KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), the province with the highest rate of HIV, is also the province that was surveyed with the disproportionately highest internal stigma rates for PLWHIV. High prevalence of HIV, particularly in KZN, calls for a constant contextualization of life in the presence of illness.

Throughout the world, metaphor and symbolism is …

Factors Associated With Condom Use With Non-Commercial Partners Among Sexually-Active Transgender Women In Cambodia: Findings From A National Survey Using Respondent-Driven Sampling., Siyan Yi, Amelia Plant, Sovannary Tuot, Phalkun Mun, Srean Chhim, Navy Chann, Pheak Chhoun, Carinne M. Brody

BACKGROUND: Globally, the prevalence of HIV among transgender women is much higher than that of the general adult population. This can be explained by the persistently low rate of consistent condom use among this population. This study was therefore conducted to explore factors associated with consistent condom use among sexually-active transgender women in Cambodia, specifically with their non-commercial partners.

METHODS: Data used for this study were collected as part of the National Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey 2016. Participants were recruited from the capital city of Phnom Penh and 12 other provinces with high burden of HIV using the Respondent-Driven …

Rethinking Health Services Measurement For Indigenous Populations, Angela Mashford-Pringle, Ian Ring, Fadwa Al-Yaman, John Waldon, Michelle Chino

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Indigenous people around the world experience shorter life expectancy, poorer health outcomes, and on average have less social capital, than non-Indigenous people in their respective countries. While national goals are to lower mortality and morbidity rates of Indigenous people, much evidence exists that indicates there is almost no Indigenous involvement in data collection, policy development, program implementation and development and measurement of services. A more holistic and culturally relevant framework is presented to improve services and outcomes for Indigenous populations.

Improving Health Data For Indigenous Populations: The International Group For Indigenous Health Measurement, Michelle Chino, Ian Ring, Lisa Jackson Pulver, John Waldon, Malcolm King

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations exist in many countries, including those with well-developed statistical systems. The need to improve the measurement and understanding of Indigenous health disparities led to the formation of the International Group for Indigenous Health Measurement (IGIHM), composed of Indigenous and non-Indigenous, government and non-government, statisticians, researchers and health professionals. Since its founding in 2005, the IGIHM has pursued activities to improve health measurement, which in turn have been used for improving the health of Indigenous populations and enhancing Indigenous health knowledge and data.

Rethinking Health Services Measurement For Indigenous Populations, Michelle Chino Dr, Angela Mashford-Pringle, Ian Ring, Fadwa Al-Yaman, John Waldon

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Indigenous people around the world experience shorter life expectancy, poorer health outcomes, and on average have less social capital, than non-Indigenous people in their respective countries. While national goals are to lower mortality and morbidity rates of Indigenous people, much evidence exists that indicates there is almost no Indigenous involvement in data collection, policy development, program implementation and development and measurement of services. A more holistic and culturally relevant framework is presented to improve services and outcomes for Indigenous populations.

A Woman With A Lung Infiltrate And Brain Abscesses: Case Discussion From The University Of Louisville Hospital, Veronica Corcino, Viswanathan Nagarajan, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Pneumonia Severity Indices As Mortality Predictors, Connor L. English, Thomas Chandler, Brian E. Guinn, Stephen P. Furmanek, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

BACKGROUND

The leading cause of infectious disease death in the United States is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several pneumonia severity indices exist and are widely used as tools to assist physicians regarding site of care based on risk of death. However, limited data exists that discerns which of the most commonly used severity scores is the best predictor of mortality across multiple time points. The objective of this study is to determine the best mortality predictor at different time points between four of the most commonly used pneumonia severity scores.

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, population-based, …

A Man With Acute Severe Pneumonia: Case Discussion From The University Of Louisville Hospital, Viswanathan Nagarajan, Srinivas R. Dontineni, Veronica Corcino, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Current And Future Antiviral Medications To Treat Influenza: Mechanisms Of Action, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

An Iterative Process For Training Design And Implementation Increased Health Workers' Knowledge For Taking Nutrition Behavior Change To Scale, Wendy Gonzalez, Anabelle Bonvecchio Arenas, Armando García-Guerra, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Alejandría Villa De La Vega, Laura Quezada, Cynthia Rosas, Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes, Amira Hernández

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The shortage of skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers is a major barrier to scaling up nutrition interventions and services. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the process for developing and implementing a training of health personnel for the delivery of the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN), an evidence-based strategy for promoting infant and young child feeding through primary health care in Mexico. The specific objective is to provide a case study and highlight challenges, as well as elements to successfully mitigate these, and discuss potential applications of findings beyond the Mexican context. Methods: The …

Development Of A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Pneumocystis Jirovecii On The Luminex Aries® Platform, Subathra Marimuthu, Kuldeep Ghosh, Leslie A Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. Infection with P. jirovecii can result in serious illness in patients with a weakened immune system, and can lead to death if it is not properly diagnosed and treated. Direct detection of P. jirovecii in lower respiratory tract specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is preferred for rapid diagnosis, a laboratory service currently not available locally. We report here the development of a diagnostic real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using BAL specimens to detect P. jirovecii. By targeting the multi-copy mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal …

A Qualitative Metasynthesis Of Published Research Exploring The Pregnancy And Resettlement Experience Among Refugee Women, Diana M. Kingsbury, Sheryl L. Chatfield

The Qualitative Report

The number of refugees and asylum seekers throughout the world continues to increase, leading to increasing challenges in meeting healthcare needs of these individuals. Women’s antenatal health is of particular concern due to their vulnerability to sexual violence and the substantial proportion of refugees consisting of women and girls of or nearing reproductive age. The purpose of this qualitative metasynthesis was to integrate and interpret findings from previously published research reports in which authors explored aspects of pregnancy among resettled refugee women. Following a systematic search process, we used Dedoose qualitative data analysis software to manage the process of extracting …

Towards Multi-Lingual Pneumonia Research Data Collection Using The Community-Acquired Pneumonia International Cohort Study Database, William A. Mattingly, Kimberley A. Buckner, Senen Pena

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Although multilingual interfaces are preferred by most users when they have a choice, organizations are often unable to support and troubleshoot problems involving multiple user languages. Software that has been structured with multiple languages and data interlinking considerations early in its development is more likely to be easily maintained. We describe the process of adding multilingual support to the CAPO international Cohort study database using REDCap.

Methods: Using Google Translate API we extend the supported Spanish language version of REDCap to the most recent version used by CAPO, 8.1.4. We then translate the English data dictionary for CAPO to …

Clinical Research In Pneumonia: Role Of Artificial Intelligence, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, William A. Mattingly, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

A Multicountry Randomized Controlled Trial Of Comprehensive Maternal Nutrition Supplementation Initiated Before Conception: The Women First Trial., K. Michael Hambidge, Jamie E. Westcott, Ana Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Omrana Pasha, Sumera A. Ali, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Carl L. Bose, Melissa Bauserman, Marion Koso-Thomas, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Amaanti Sridhar, Kristen Stolka, Abhik Das, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Nancy F. Krebs

Global Health Articles

Background: Reported benefits of maternal nutrition supplements commenced during pregnancy in low-resource populations have typically been quite limited.

Objectives: This study tested the effects on newborn size, especially length, of commencing nutrition supplements for women in low-resource populations ≥3 mo before conception (Arm 1), compared with the same supplement commenced late in the first trimester of pregnancy (Arm 2) or not at all (control Arm 3).

Methods: Women First was a 3-arm individualized randomized controlled trial (RCT). The intervention was a lipid-based micronutrient supplement; a protein-energy supplement was also provided if maternal body mass index (kg/m2) was(DRC), Guatemala, India, and …

"Disgusted With Myself": Examining The Risk Factors And Vulnerabilities Of Hostesses At Karaoke Tv Venues In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Glenn M. Miles, Daphne Alsiyao

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This exploratory study is one of a series of research projects interviewing survivors of sexual exploitation in southeast Asia. It assesses the risk factors and vulnerabilities of young women in Karaoke TV (KTV) venues in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This research study assesses the risk factors and vulnerabilities of young women in these venues. A questionnaire-based survey was administered to 50 participants to gain a holistic view of the lives of young women working in Karaoke TV (KTV) venues. The survey consisted of a series of questions pertaining to demographics, family background, prejudice and discrimination, sexual risk factors, substance abuse, sexual …

Severity Of Disease And Mortality For Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Viral Pneumonia Compared To Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Richard Y. Kim, Thomas Chandler, Stephen P. Furmanek, Timothy Lee Wiemken, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: There exists a large body of literature to help identify, diagnose, treat, and manage community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite this, there is little data that directly compares the clinical syndromes and complications of pure bacterial pneumonia to pure viral pneumonia. Our study compares the clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality of viral vs. bacterial etiologies of CAP.

Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international study database. Data was collected concerning patient demographics, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, radiological findings, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes and stratified according to the two study groups, CAVP …

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Review Of Epidemiology And Treatment Options, Julie Harting

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Sharing The Gift Of Water: A Hoosier-Haitian Partnership, Lauren Ward

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Engagement Methods for International Food Security (YDAE 49100) provided an opportunity for enrolled students to travel abroad to Cap-Haitïen, Haiti. As both a course in agriculture and a service-learning study abroad, the overarching goal was to inspire, engage, and teach Purdue and Haitian students through service learning in agriculture. This was done by developing a project with teammates during the fall semester that was then presented to students in Haiti during the International Agri-Symposium at Université Antenor Firmin over winter break.

Depression Among Epileptic Patients And Its Association With Drug Therapy In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Getenet Dessie, Henok Mulugeta, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Fasil Wagnew, Sahai Burrowes

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and the established relationship between depression and epilepsy, the extent of comorbid epilepsy and depression in the region is still poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to address this gap in the literature by determining the pooled prevalence of depression among epileptic patients in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: A systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) conducted from December 2, 2017 …

Reaching Key Populations With Community-Based Hiv Test And Start Services In Lagos And Benue States In Nigeria: Baseline Findings, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Key populations (KPs), such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), and people who inject drugs, remain disproportionately affected by HIV compared to the general population. In Nigeria, HIV prevalence declined among the general population from 2007–18. Among key populations from 2007–14, HIV also decreased among FSWs, but increased among MSM. Evidence-based strategies to sustain the decline among the general population and FSWs, and mitigate the increase among MSM, are needed. Nigeria has adopted the World Health Organization’s “test and start” (TnS) strategy, which recommends initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) by persons living with HIV as …