International Public Health Commons^™

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. This publication is the English language version of the user's guide, trainer's guide, algorithm, method …

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (With Zika Information), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. This publication is the English language version with Zika information of the user's guide, trainer's …

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Supplemental Material In Dari), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. The BCS+ includes user's guide, trainer's guide, algorithm, method brochures, and counseling cards. This publication …

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Spanish Translation), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. This publication is the Spanish language version of the user's guide, trainer's guide, algorithm, method …

Evidence-Informed Guidelines For Pediatric Pandemic Planning And Response, Ginny Sprang, James J. Clark, Miriam Silman, Phyllis W. Leigh, Candice M. Jackson, A. Scott Lajoie

Center on Trauma and Children Reports

From the executive summary:

Pandemic events are unpredictable and inevitable. When they occur, the impact is both all-encompassing and asymmetrical; each pandemic targets specific, vulnerable populations, but ultimately impacts individuals, families and communities throughout the world. Regardless of origin or circumstances, the next pandemic will certainly count infants, children, and adolescents among its most vulnerable targets. As evidenced by the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, children may be at higher risk than populations more typically seen as susceptible to pandemic illness (the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, etc.). Children also can function as disease vectors, spreading the virus through their …

Partially-Latent Class Models (Plcm) For Case-Control Studies Of Childhood Pneumonia Etiology, Zhenke Wu, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Laura L. Hammitt, Scott L. Zeger

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In population studies on the etiology of disease, one goal is the estimation of the fraction of cases attributable to each of several causes. For example, pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis of lung infection that may be caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, or other pathogens. The study of pneumonia etiology is challenging because directly sampling from the lung to identify the etiologic pathogen is not standard clinical practice in most settings. Instead, measurements from multiple peripheral specimens are made. This paper considers the problem of estimating the population etiology distribution and the individual etiology probabilities. We formulate the scientific …

The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, Kathryn E. Brackett

Senior Honors Theses

Abstract

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a worldwide movement started by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) that is aimed at providing hospitals with a certification that guarantees the best possible patient-centered care for mothers and infants. It focuses on breastfeeding as optimal infant nutrition, and implements strategies to encourage and support mothers to breastfeed their infants exclusively for six months after birth. The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding are a set of 10 simple, easy to understand guidelines developed by WHO and UNICEF for implementing this initiative in the hospital setting and …

Measuring The Impact Of Contraceptive Use On Unintended Pregnancy And Other Health Outcomes, Step Up Research Programme Consortium

Reproductive Health

This brief describes several statistical models that have been developed to estimate the number of health outcomes that will be averted because of contraceptive use. Concerns have been expressed that this range of approaches—which overlap in the impacts they estimate, but sometimes use different inputs, mathematical algorithms, and assumptions, and may produce different results—may be confusing for policymakers, managers, and donors who want to measure or evaluate these impacts. To address these concerns, the STEP UP consortium convened two expert meetings to review the estimation methods used; come to consensus on methodologies and assumptions, where possible; and provide guidance to …

Reducing Unsafe Menstrual Regulation Through Medication In Bangladesh, Ubaidur Rob, Ismat Ara Hena, Nargis Sultana, Md. Irfan Hossain, Reena Yasmin, Tapash Ranjan Das, Farid Uddin Ahmed

Reproductive Health

The Population Council and Marie Stopes Bangladesh, in collaboration with the Directorate General of Family Planning and with funding from the World Health Organization, tested the feasibility of introducing menstrual regulation with medication (MRM) in Bangladesh and assessed the acceptability of providing MRM using the combination drug regimen mifepristone and misoprostol in urban and rural public health facilities. As reported in this policy brief, the study demonstrates that it is feasible and safe to introduce MRM in rural and urban public health facilities. Given the choice, almost two-thirds of women preferred MRM to manual vacuum aspiration and women receiving MRM …

Comprendre Les Grossesses Non Désirées Au Sénégal: Rapport Du Profil Pays, Kaila Clarke, Mohamadou Sall, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Bocar Mamadou Daff

Reproductive Health

Dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Strengthening Evidence for Programming on Unintended Pregnancy (STEP UP) », le Population Council a élaboré un Rapport du Profil Pays pour comprendre les grossesses non désirées au Sénégal. Ils ont mené une revue de la littérature, analysé des données d'enquêtes disponibles, et a mené des entretiens pour discuter plus en détail de certains aspects avec quelques parties prenantes clés. Le Profil Pays a été discuté lors d’un atelier de deux jours à Dakar regroupant les principaux acteurs du gouvernement aux niveaux central et régional, des organisations non-gouvernementales, et des acteurs de la …

Understanding Unintended Pregnancy In Senegal: Country Profile Report, Kaila Clarke, Mohamadou Sall, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Bocar Mamadou Daff

Reproductive Health

As part of the Strengthening Evidence for Programming on Unintended Pregnancy (STEP UP) research program, the Population Council has developed a Country Profile Report to understand unwanted pregnancies in Senegal. The Population Council conducted a literature review, analyzed available survey data, and conducted interviews to discuss some aspects in more detail with a number of key stakeholders. The Country Profile was discussed at a two-day workshop in Dakar bringing together key government actors at the central and regional levels, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society actors. The report is composed of six chapters, summarized in this evidence brief.

La Planification Familiale Postpartum Au Burkina Faso - Résumé En Français, Step Up Research Programme Consortium

Reproductive Health

Ce résumé décrit une étude sur la planification familiale post-partum (PFPP) au Burkina Faso. L’étude avait pour but: de donner un aperçu de la disponibilité et la qualité des services prénatals, du post-partum, et de planification familiale au niveau des soins primaires, et d’évaluer la mesure dans laquelle ils fournissent des services efficaces de PFPP; d’évaluer l'accessibilité des services PFPP; d’explorer l’effet de facteurs sociaux, économiques, et culturels sur la demande et l'adoption de la PFPP; d’estimer l’impact, la pertinence, et la mise en œuvre de la politique nationale et des protocoles cliniques par rapport à la PFPP; et d’identifier …

International Seminar On Promoting Postpartum And Post-Abortion Family Planning: Challenges And Opportunities, Iussp Scientific Panel On Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

The IUSSP Scientific Panel on Reproductive Health, in collaboration with the Population Council, India, and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization held a seminar on “Promoting postpartum and post-abortion family planning: Challenges and opportunities” in Cochin, India, November 2014. The seminar brought together 24 scientists, policymakers, and program managers to present and discuss a range of issues relating to postpartum and post-abortion family planning. This report summarizes the papers presented at the seminar which sought to answer several key questions pertaining to postpartum and post-abortion contraception. Several conclusions drawn from the evidence are presented and research …

Unintended Pregnancy And Abortion In India: Country Profile Report, Mary Philip Sebastian, M.E. Khan, Daliya Sebastian

Reproductive Health

A review of literature and analysis of large surveys were carried out with funding from the STEP UP consortium led by Population Council to build a coherent body of robust research-based evidence on the situation in India in the context of unmet need for family planning (FP) and safe abortion services. The study found that there is insufficient training of different cadres of health staff in the public health system on abortion provision, post-abortion care, FP counseling of young couples, emergency contraception, and IUD insertion/removal. Despite service delivery guidelines in India expecting providers to provide FP counseling during antenatal visits, …

Unintended Pregnancies In Kenya: A Country Profile, Joyce Mumah, Caroline W. Kabiru, Carol Mukiira, Jessica Brinton, Michael Mutua, Chimaraoke O. Izugbara, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This research report presents a country profile of Kenya, and looks at differential access to and quality of family planning (FP) and abortion/post-abortion services to assess their current situation, as well the various financing and delivery mechanisms for these crucial services. Since 2000, Kenya has passed several new sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and population-related policies, including a new population and development policy that addresses rapid population growth. Results of this country profile highlight the need for further research on: 1) innovative ways through which SRH information can be brought to schools; 2) FP/SRH indicators in people living with disabilities; …

Postpartum Family Planning In Burkina Faso, Marina Daniele

Reproductive Health

This is a formative study aiming to identify the main barriers to the provision and uptake of quality postpartum family planning (PPFP) services at the supply, access, demand, and policy levels in Burkina Faso. This study reveals that there are substantial shortfalls in the availability of quality PPFP at all these levels. Most of the difficulties observed in the provision of PPFP services are due to the failure to translate largely sound policies and guidelines into practice. This study contributes to identifying priority areas and makes recommendations for improvement in order to respond to unmet need for family planning in …

Adolescence And Sexuality, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Pertinence Of Maternal Education On Child Immunization In Rural Uttarakhand: More Than Just Increased Rates, Sarah Banerji

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Child immunization rates in India continue to remain low, despite the 1985 implementation of a Universal Immunization Program that provides free basic immunizations to all children. There are numerous logistical factors that contribute to the low rates of immunization, but rates are made further worse by a lack of parental awareness and education about immunization, especially in village communities. This study examines the maternal understanding of immunization in rural Uttarakhand, both in villages in which an NGO has been working to improve maternal immunization education and in villages with no NGO involvement. It finds a positive correlation between increased immunization …

"Mercy Tape" Unveiled: Provides Better Weight Estimates For Children, Bill Van Kirk

Our Story Continues

Susan Abdel-Rahman, Pharm.D, Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, led the Children's Mercy research team that developed the Mercy TAPE, a new device to estimate the weight of pediatric patients ages two months to 16 years.

Accurate weight estimates in resource-restricted settings (lacking the means to weigh a child) are important because they are used to determine appropriate medication dosage, fluid volumes for resuscitation, breathing tube sizes, and more.

Post-Abortion Care In Pakistan: A National Study, Zeba Sathar, Susheela Singh, Zakir Hussain Shah, Gul Rashida, Iram Kamran, Kanwal Eshai

Reproductive Health

The objectives of this Population Council study were twofold: first to collect information on prevailing practices of abortion and post‐abortion care in Pakistan and, second, to gauge changes in the magnitude and quality of abortion‐related complications and care during the last decade (since the 2002 national study of “Unwanted Pregnancy and Post‐abortion Complications in Pakistan”). The study found that the level of post‐abortion family planning (FP) counseling in both public and private health facilities offering PAC services was inadequate. There has been no improvement over the decade in the level of counseling reported, and, even more disappointingly, only half of …

Unmet Need And Unintended Pregnancy: The Bigger Picture, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Observations On Eye Care In Lamu, Kenya: Overlooked Needs And Proposed Interventions, Erick Henderson, Rebecca Gearhart

Scholarship

These notes draw attention to the underserved eye care needs of residents of Lamu, Kenya. They are comprised of observations that we, Rebecca Gearhart, an anthropology professor at Illinois Wesleyan University (IWU) and Erick Henderson, an IWU biology and pre-optometry major and president of the Optometry Club, made while volunteering at a clinic in Lamu, Kenya during the summer of 2011. Plans to establish a temporary eye clinic emerged after Rebecca discovered that Erick was an optometric technician who might use his portable optometry lens set to fit residents of Lamu Town on Lamu Island for glasses and teach them …

Subjective Health Status And Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Women With Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidosis (Rvvc) In Europe And The Usa, Samuel Aballéa, Florent Guelfucci, Julian Wagner, Amine Khemiri, Jean-Paul Dietz, Jack Sobel, Mondher Toumi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) is a chronic condition causing discomfort and pain. Health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in RVVC were never previously described using validated questionnaires. The objective of this study is to describe subjective health status and HRQoL and estimate health state utilities among women with RVVC.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among women who reported having suffered four or more yeast infections over the past 12 months, in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) and the USA. Index scores were derived from the EQ-5D, a questionnaire providing …

Quality Of Care And Client Willingness To Pay For Family Planning Services At Marie Stopes International In Burkina Faso, Placide Tapsoba, Dalomi Bahan, Emily Forsyth Queen, Gisele Kaboré, Sally Hughes

Reproductive Health

Many sexual and reproductive health programs operating in a limited-resource setting face a challenging balancing act between making services accessible and affordable to clients, including those most in need, and remaining financially sustainable. To achieve these dual objectives, the Population Council, with Marie Stopes International in Burkina Faso (MSI BF), launched a willingness-to-pay (WTP) study that examined the current situation and numerous pricing options, proposing optimal prices for products and services. The process of implementing the WTP survey was insightful for MSI BF as it provided evidence on client satisfaction with services and willingness to contribute to the cost of …

Access To Emergency Contraception And Safe Abortion Services For Survivors Of Rape And Defilement In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Regional Overview, Jill Thompson, Chi-Chi Undie, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Comprendre Les Grossesses Non Désirées Au Sénégal: Rapport Du Profil Pays, Kaila Clarke, Mohamadou Sall, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Bocar Mamadou Daff

Reproductive Health

Un profil pays a été préparé pour le Sénégal pour compiler et synthétiser les informations disponibles sur la santé de la reproduction, en particulier les grossesses non désirées et par conséquent les besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale. D’importants efforts ont été consentis par l’Etat sénégalais, mais de nombreux obstacles continuent de freiner les progrès réalisés. Un programme national plus cohérent et ciblé est donc nécessaire pour réduire ces obstacles. Dans le même temps, les acteurs non-gouvernementaux devraient poursuivre leurs efforts pour renforcer leur programmation pour produire des effets plus immédiats, tout en assurant une meilleure coordination entre …

Availability, Use And Quality Of Care For Medical Abortion Services—Preliminary Results Of Two Components: Kiis And The Pharmacy Study, Wilson Liambila, Harriet Birungi, Francis Onyango, Brian Mdawida, Vitalis Akora, Thoai Ngo, Kate Reiss

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Prevalence And Correlates Of Being Bullied Among In-School Adolescents In Malawi: Results From The 2009 Global School-Based Health Survey, H.W. Kubwalo, A.S. Muula, S. Siziya, S. Pasupulati, E. Rudatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Physical and emotional violence against adolescents is a neglected, but growing problem globally. Violence against adolescents negatively affects the victim in terms of physical health, school attendance and performance and social adjustment. The literature on the prevalence and associated factors of bullying against adolescents is sparse in southern Africa outside South Africa. Such data are even sparser for Malawi. The current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of self-reported bullying and its personal and social correlates.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the Malawi School-Based Student Health Survey (2009) was done. Descriptive analyses were done to describe the sample …

The Antecedents, Process, And Consequences Of Female Sterilization For Low-Income Women In Mumbai, Marie A. Brault

Master's Theses

Surgical sterilization is the primary method of family planning among low-income women in India; the result of limited knowledge and poor access to family planning alternatives. To understand the dynamics of sterilization, 37 in-depth interviews were conducted with sterilized women from the study community, as well as key informant interviews with community men, providers and government officials. The results indicate that sterilization decisions are made after exceeding ideal family size, that the procedures for sterilization frequently do not follow official protocol, but that for the most part women are highly positive about being free of the risk of unwanted conception.

A Mathematical Model For Dengue Fever In A Virgin Environment, Jason K. Bowman

Senior Honors Projects

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The disease was named in 1779 and the first recorded epidemic of it occurred simultaneously on three continents within the following decade. Dengue is characterized by flu-like symptoms and, while its symptoms are generally reported as quite unpleasant, is rarely fatal. However, in some cases patients can contract a more serious form of the disease, known as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, which is far more dangerous. The World Health Organization estimates that today over 2.5 billion people are at risk for Dengue (over 40% of the …