Health Services Research Commons^™

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hiv Pada Kelompok Usia Produktif Di Indonesia, Diah Rohmatullailah, Dina Fikriyah

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

HIV merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global, di Indonesia jumlah kasus HIV positif dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat dan paling banyak terjadi pada kelompok usia produktif yaitu usia 25-49 tahun. HIV merupakan virus yang melemahkan kekebalan tubuh manusia. Kejadian HIV dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang mendukung penyebaran kasus ini. Tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berisiko terhadap kejadian HIV di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran pustaka dengan menelaah faktor risiko kejadian HIV berdasarkan 10 jurnal kesehatan yang dipublikasikan 10 tahun terakhir sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil jurnal yang telah direview, faktor yang berisiko terhadap kejadian HIV yaitu …

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis Di Indonesia, Sesar Dayu Pralambang, Sona Setiawan

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Tuberkulosis adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis menular melalui udara (airborne disease). dari penderita sakit tuberkulosis ke orang lain disekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui lebih rinci faktor apa sajakah yang berpengaruh terhadap tingginya kejadian di Indonesia. Metode yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan telaah artikel atau jurnal yang penerbitannya kurang dari 10 tahun dan tersedia di database online (Proquest, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Wiley Online dan Google Cendekia). Hasil dari meta analisis didapatkan bahwa faktor sosiodemografi (jenis kelamin laki-laki OR= 4,19, umur yang lebih dari 36 tahun OR = 3,54, status pendidikan yang buta …

Demographic Characteristics Among Members Of Patient Family Advisory Councils At A Pediatric Health System., Amanda Montalbano, Sheryl Chadwick, Deejo Miller, Kathryn Taff, Evelyn Donis De Miranda, Kimberly Pina, Andrea Bradley-Ewing

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Patient Family Advisory Councils (PFACs) are groups of patients, families, and clinical health system leaders collaborating to improve the quality, safety, and experience of care. Best practices encourage PFAC membership to reflect the diversity of the communities served. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 collecting demographic characteristics of the members of a pediatric health system's 17 PFACs. Of the 93 respondents (71.5%), notable inequities were racial (4.8% adult PFAC members vs. 17.4% patients were Black) and financial (adult PFAC median annual income was >$100,000 compared to the community median $77,589). The governing family advisory board …

Using A Multidisciplinary Data Approach To Operationalize An Experience Framework, Kevin Spera, Garrett Holmes, Sunni Barnes

Patient Experience Journal

Like many healthcare organizations, Baylor Scott & White Health (BSWH) is awash with data. Often, this data is used in siloed departments to monitor safety and quality, make local business decisions, and motivate staff to improve processes to achieve sustained excellence and market share. As margins get thinner and competition from various disrupters increases, organizations have tried to improve the patient experience to remain viable as part of a calculated strategy. Nevertheless, these entities have struggled to focus limited resources for sustained improvement in patient experience. This article details how a large Texas-based healthcare system "operationalized" The Beryl Institute's Experience …

Patient Engagement In An Academic Community-Based Primary Care Practice’S Management Committee: A Case Study, Emmanuelle Trépanier, Marie-Pascale Pomey, Paule Lebel

Patient Experience Journal

Patient engagement in primary care has been the focus of many studies; however, little research has evaluated its added value to organisational management in an academic community-based primary care practice (ACBPCP). In 2017, managers of an ACBPCP in Montreal, Canada, decided to integrate patients into the organization’s management committee to enhance the quality and relevance of decision-making for clinical services, education and research.

Objectives were to 1) assess patients’ role and influence on an ACBPCP management committee’s decision-making process; 2) identify the facilitators of and obstacles to patient involvement in this context; and 3) evaluate the impact of this innovative …

Comparing Patient Experience Survey Scores Between Telehealth And In-Person Ambulatory Pediatric Subspecialty Visits, Sean T. Bomher, Matthew Wood, Elizabeth Uhlhorn, Sandro Marques, Lee Kwiatkowski, Natasa Tekic, Cameron D'Alpe, Natalie M. Pageler, Lane F. Donnelly

Patient Experience Journal

To determine the effect of encounter methods on patient experience, we evaluated patient experience survey data comparing scores between telehealth and in-person visits and pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 time periods. Pediatric subspecialty visits were either in-person or via telehealth and received the same 16-question patient experience survey. Top box (5/5) scores were compared between in-person and telehealth visits for pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods as well as between periods for in-person and telehealth visits. In addition, for both time periods and encounter methods, correlation analysis was performed to evaluate best correlation between likelihood to recommend practice and the 15 other survey questions. …

Consumer Representative Experiences Of Partnership With Health Workers In Australia, Coralie R. Wales, Judith A. Lababedi, Alison Coles, Philip Lee, Emma Clarke

Patient Experience Journal

We examine the experiences of Consumer Representatives participating in consumer engagement activities across a public health service in NSW, Australia. A team of Consumer Representatives and staff members use a participatory, constructivist paradigm and a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to analyse ten interviews with Consumer Representatives over three years 2017-2019, and three focus groups in 2020. We explore these experiences and identify the linked contextual factors from their points of view. Consumer Representatives were prepared to invest their time, but they needed respect. “Respect” from a consumer perspective was being meaningfully included, supported and heard, and activities needed to be purposeful …

Responding To The Pandemic: A Multicountry Study On Social-Political Factors And Health Outcomes Of Covid-19, Lan Yao

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a major global threat to human beings, which has caused devastating consequences of population health, political, and economic crises in many countries. This dissertation was composed of three research activities to study the following aims: (1) review the existing literature focusing on political factors and health outcomes of COVID-19; (2) assess the relationship between democracy and case fatality rate of COVID-19 by controlling for the effect of age, comorbidity, health expenditure, healthcare workforce, and population density; and (3) identify the trajectory pattern cases peak days, deaths peak days, and peak periods.

Methods. We accessed …

Overcoming The Challenges Of Community-Engaged Emergency Referrals In A Rural District Of Pakistan, Imran Naeem Abbasi, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

A functional referral system for addressing health emergencies requires coordinated efforts by health system's stakeholders and the community. Using the Rural Health Programme (RHP) Thatta as a platform provided by an academic institution, district health system stakeholders and the community of Mirpur Sakro, taluka of Thatta, were engaged to strengthen the referral system for health emergencies through active community engagement. Through consultations with stakeholders, a referral system plan was developed with community volunteers from each village as focal persons for transportation, referring patients to health facilities and maintaining referral documentation. The stakeholders' experience and perceptions about the referral system were …

Analysis Of The Implementation Of Mental Health Policy At Kedaung Health Center, Sukatani Health Center And Limo Health Center In Depok City, Ekasafitri A.S Sangadji, Dumilah Ayuningtyas

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Mental health is one of the important indicators of health services that must be provided. Diagnosing and long-term treatment are challenges in handling mental health disorders. Puskesmas, which organizes promotive, preventive, and curative efforts, handles and improves community mental health. This study aims to determine the implementation of mental health policies in several Health Centers in Depok City. The research method uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, document review by referring to the concept of policy evaluation from the Van Meter framework, and data validity using source and method triangulation. This research was conducted from October to December 2020. …

Analysis Implementation Of The Supervision Role Commission Ix Of Dpr Ri In The Health Program For The 2014-2019 Period: Case Study In The Primary Care Doctor Program, Ardiansyah Bahar, Anhari Achadi

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Prolonged health problems have been recurring for a long time have raised questions about health program and its supervisory. The supervisory function carried out by Commission IX of the DPR RI on its partners from the government continues to be carried out in various ways. However, analysis has never been conducted to assess whether the various supervisory activities have been effective. This study uses a qualitative method based on phenomena, symptoms, facts, or social informants. Informants are determined directly based on the principles of appropriateness and adequacy. The data is then converted into transcript form, then analyzed, and a Logical …

Analysis Of The Annual Planning Process In Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Dki Jakarta On The Year Of 2019, Septia Rahmalina, Masyitoh Basabih

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Planning is important in setting the basis for regulating and controlling the goals to be achieved from a system. The purpose of this research is to understand the annual planning process in Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta in the year 2019. The research is a descriptive study with qualitative methods. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review. This research found that the human resources (HR) of the existing planning staff were not in accordance with the needs. There was also no standard operational procedure (SOP) that regulates both in terms of planning HR needs and a more …

An Overview Of Active Smokers’ Perceptions Of The Policy Of Inclusion Of Pictorial Warnings Of The Dangers Of Smoking Oncigarette Packs In Pondok Gede Sub-District, Bekasi City, Rendra Hermansach, Adang Bachtiar

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The prevalence of smoking in Indonesia is so high in all walks of life that the government has made several policies to control it. One of them is the inclusion of health warnings and health information on tobacco product packaging which aims to prevent novice smokers from starting smoking, as well as guaranteeing the public's right to clear, correct and honest information, as well as choosing based on clearer (visual) information that they understand (informed decision). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of active smokers' perceptions of pictorial warnings of the dangers of smoking on cigarette …

Analisis Kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Penanggulangan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Di Kota Bogor, Annisa Sayyidatul Ulfa

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) is a policy needed by Bogor City's people to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In its implementation, Bogor City conducted 5-stage of PSBB. This policy provides an overview to stakeholders regarding evaluation, Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as recommendations for PSBB policies in Bogor City. This study uses a Rapid Analysis approach with Media Content Analysis on various policies made by its Government regarding PSBB published from April 13 - June 25, 2020. Data analysis uses a policy triangle and a SWOT model. Policy actors issued 18 health, socio-economy, education, transportation, …

Access To Health Care In Appalachia: Perception And Reality, Michele Morrone, Cory E. Cronin, Kristin Schuller, Shannon E. Nicks

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Health disparities such as cancer and diabetes are well documented in Appalachia. These disparities contribute to health status, and by many indicators, Appalachian people are less healthy than those who live in other parts of the country. Access to health care is one factor that contributes to health disparities. Access to care is complex and involves both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects, including satisfaction with quality of care. This research sought to compare Appalachian to non-Appalachian communities in terms of perceptions of access to care.

Methods: We implemented a statewide survey to quantify perceptions of multiple components of …

Audiologist Perception On Reporting Hearing Assessment Results To State Early Hearing Detection And Intervention Programs, Winnie Chung, Maria Sanchez-Gomez

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Purpose

To describe an evaluation conducted by 39 state EHDI programs on how acceptable the reporting process and system audiologists had to use when reporting the hearing test results to the EHDI program and the barriers encountered during reporting.

Methods

Each author independently extracted numbers, percentages, and texts from the evaluation reports into an Excel spreadsheet, which then became the dataset. Authors then compared and cross-checked the datasets before coding. Texts conveying similar concepts were coded with the same name and organized into categories. Finally, thematic identification and analysis were performed when a theme(s) or concept(s) that pertained to similar …

Communication Skills Training: A Means To Promote Time-Efficient Patient-Centered Communication In Clinical Practice, Else Dalsgaard Iversen, Maiken Wolderslund, Poul-Erik Kofoed, Pål Gulbrandsen, Helle Poulsen, Søren Cold, Jette Ammentorp

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: We hypothesized that health care providers would behave in a more patient-centered manner after the implementation of communication skills training, without causing the consultation to last longer.

Methods: This study was part of the large-scale implementation of a communication skills training program called "Clear-Cut Communication With Patients" at Lillebaelt Hospital in Denmark. Audio recordings from real-life consultations were collected in a pre-post design, with health care providers' participation in communication skills training as the intervention. The training was based on the Calgary-Cambridge Guide, and audio recordings were rated using the Observation Scheme-12.

Results: Health care providers improved their communication …

Impact Of Covid-19 On Screening Rates For Colorectal, Breast, And Cervical Cancer: Practice Feedback From A Quality Improvement Project In Primary Care, Laura A. Schad, Laura A. Brady, Laurene M. Tumiel-Berhalter, Alexandrea Bentham, Karen Vitale, Amanda Norton, Gary Noronha, Carlos Swanger, Christopher P. Morley

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Three New York State practice-based research networks provided quality improvement strategies to improve screening rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal (BCC) cancers in safety-net primary care, over 7 years. In the final year (Y7), the United States experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BCC cancer screening rates was assessed qualitatively.

Methods: A total of 12 primary care practices participated in Y7 of the quality improvement project. BCC cancer screening rates at year beginning and end were assessed. Practice staff were asked about how COVID-19 impacted screening. Average pre/postintervention screening rates and qualitative thematic analysis …

Refining A Postpandemic Approach To Cancer Screening, Michael A. Thompson

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

In introducing Volume 8, Issue 4 of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews — a specially themed issue comprised of several works focused on improving cancer screening processes in clinical practice — JPCRR editor and hematologist/oncologist Michael Thompson reflects on the current state of various screening modalities and how the pandemic has already begun to shape ongoing research in this area. A delicate balance must be struck between avoiding overtesting or overdiagnosis and identifying the presence of malignant tumors early enough to allow for successful treatment.

Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Clinical Genetic Testing For Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Rachele M. Hendricks-Sturrup, Robert Block, Christine Y. Lu

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and PRO measures (PROMs) are often used to help clinicians and researchers understand patients’ personal concerns, feelings, experiences, and perspectives following the implementation of an intervention. Notably, PROs and PROMs can inform health systems, health policy, and payers on the utility of clinical genetic testing based on each patient’s personal values, perspectives, and potential health behaviors subsequent to testing. In this topic synopsis, we discuss the underexplored role of and implications for PROs and PROMs following genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of cholesterol metabolism that can lead to highly premature fatal …

Patient Perceptions Of Using Clinical Decision Support For Cancer Screening And Prevention: “I Wouldn’T Have Thought About Getting Screened Without It.”, Daniel M. Saman, Melissa L. Harry, Laura A. Freitag, Clayton I. Allen, Patrick J. O'Connor, Joann M. Sperl-Hillen, Joseph A. Bianco, Anjali R. Truitt, Heidi L. Ekstrom, Thomas E. Elliott

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: We sought to gain an understanding of cancer prevention and screening perspectives among patients exposed to a clinical decision support (CDS) tool because they were due or overdue for certain cancer screenings or prevention.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 37 adult patients due or overdue for cancer prevention services in 10 primary care clinics within the same health system. Data were thematically segmented and coded using qualitative content analysis.

Results: We identified three themes: 1) The CDS tool had more strengths than weaknesses, with areas for improvement; 2) Many facilitators and barriers to cancer prevention and screening …

Building Heath Research Capacity: The Impact Of A United Kingdom Collaborative Programme, Koser Khan, Ana Porroche-Escudero, George Georgiou, Jennie Popay

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Strengthening research capacity (RC) amongst health professionals has both organisational and individual benefits. It can increase the quality of research and support the transfer of evidence into practice and policy. However there is little evidence on what works to develop and strengthen RC. This paper contributes to the evidence base by reporting findings from an evaluation of a programme that aimed to build capacity to use and do research amongst NHS and local authority organisations and their staff in a large english research partnership organisation. Methods: The evaluation used multiple qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, focus groups and workshops …

Addressing Structural Racism In The Health Workforce, Randl B. Dent, Anushree Vichare, Jaileessa Casimir

Publications and Research

One of the greatest challenges facing the United States are health inequities among racial/ethnic and other marginalized populations. The deep-rooted structural racism embedded in our social systems, including our health care system and health workforce, is a core cause of racial health inequities. 1 Among many definitions of institutionalized or structural racism, Dr Jones 2 best defines it as: “Differential access to goods, services and opportunities of society by race ... It is structural, having been codified in our institutions of custom, practice, and law, so there need not be an identifiable perpetrator.” Dr Jones further explains that to set …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Loneliness And Social Isolation: A Multi-Country Study, Roger O’Sullivan, Annette Burns, Gerard Leavey, Iracema Leroi, Vanessa Burholt, James Lubben, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Christina Victor, Brian Lawlor, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Carla M. Perissinotto, Mark A. Tully, Mary Pat Sullivan, Michael Rosato, Joanna Mchugh Power, Elisa Tiilikainen, Thomas R. Prohaska

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The COVID-19 global pandemic and subsequent public health social measures have challenged our social and economic life, with increasing concerns around potentially rising levels of social isolation and loneliness. This paper is based on cross-sectional online survey data (available in 10 languages, from 2 June to 16 November 2020) with 20,398 respondents from 101 different countries. It aims to help increase our understanding of the global risk factors that are associated with social isolation and loneliness, irrespective of culture or country, to support evidence-based policy, services and public health interventions. We found the prevalence of severe loneliness was 21% during …

La Migración Como Determinante De La Obesidad Infantil En Estados Unidos Y Latinoamérica, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Arturo V. Bustamante, Nancy López-Olmedo, Pablo Gaitán-Ross, Jaqueline Torres, Karen E. Peterson, Graciela Teruel, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

La migración internacional tiene consecuencias económicas y en la salud. El proceso de aculturación en el país de acogida puede estar relacionado con la obesidad infan-til. Utilizamos el marco conceptual del balance energético comunitario (CEB, por sus siglas en inglés) para analizar la relación entre migración y obesidad infantil en los hogares mexicanos con migrantes internacionales. Utilizando datos longitudinales de la Encuesta Nacional de Niveles de Vida de los Hogares de México (ENNViH), exami-namos cómo influyen las redes de migrantes sobre la obesidad infantil en las comuni-dades de origen. También revisamos programas de salud binacionales que podrían ser eficaces para …

Disability And Healthcare Access In Morocco: Social And Cultural Influences, Christa Shipman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

I stepped into the SIT Multiculturalism and Human Rights program as a pre-physical therapy student with experience working and volunteering in the disability rights arena. Striking personal encounters with Moroccans combined with these past experiences drew me to investigate how social and cultural factors influence access to healthcare for people with disabilities. I hypothesized that access to medical care is limited by social or cultural mindsets, perceptions, or beliefs for those in my target population. This subject is relevant to Morocco as a developing country and as a society with, in some cases, fixed social dynamics, while in other areas …

Understanding Community Health Volunteer Incentive Preferences In Kenya, Frontline Health Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health

Reproductive Health

In Kenya, community health services are implemented through community health units. Community health volunteers (CHVs) who serve these units are chosen by the community and trained by community health extension workers. This brief summarizes qualitative and quantitative findings from the Frontline Health project’s discrete choice experiment study in Kenya, which aimed to understand incentive preferences of CHVs with the aim of improving motivation, performance, and retention of CHVs.

Identifying Factors That Support Community Health Worker Motivation, Job Satisfaction, And Retention In Haiti, Frontline Health Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health

Reproductive Health

Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in Haiti’s health system, by connecting communities—particularly rural and hard-to-reach populations—to healthcare services. The Frontline Health project conducted a study to better understand the types of incentive structures that can best support the CHWs in Haiti and this brief summarizes those findings.

Frontline Health Achievements In Harmonizing Measurement And Generating Evidence On Community Health System Performance, Frontline Health Project

Reproductive Health

As the global health community demonstrates an increasing commitment to investing in community health workers (CHWs) to achieve universal health coverage in lower- and middle-income countries, the need to effectively measure community health system performance is paramount. Embedded in the Integrating Community Health partnership (2017–2021), with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Population Council and Last Mile Health co-led the Frontline Health (FLH) project, a four-year research, policy, and advocacy initiative aimed at developing core metrics and CHW reform processes, advancing their adoption, and promoting institutionalization of robust community health policies. This brief describes the Population Council’s …

Transmission Event Of Sars-Cov-2 Delta Variant Reveals Multiple Vaccine Breakthrough Infections, Timothy Farinholt, Harsha Doddapaneni, Xiang Qin, Vipin Menon, Qingchang Meng, Ginger Metcalf, Hsu Chao, Marie-Claude Gingras, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Paige Farinholt, Charu Agrawal, Donna M Muzny, Pedro A Piedra, Richard A Gibbs, Joseph Petrosino

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the causative strain of SARS-CoV-2 in a cluster of vaccine breakthroughs. Vaccine breakthrough by a highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 strain is a risk to global public health.

METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) for Wuhan-Hu1 and alpha variant. Positive samples were then sequenced by Swift Normalase Amplicon Panels to determine the causal variant. GATK (genome analysis toolkit) variants were filtered with allele fraction ≥80 and min read depth 30x.

RESULTS: Viral sequencing revealed an infection cluster of …