Epidemiology Commons^™

Mekanisme Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi, Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Dan Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi Terhadap Prevalensi Panjang Badan Lahir Pendek, Demsa Simbolon, Wahyu Dwi Astuti, Lusi Andriani

Kesmas

Prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor secara langsung dan tidak langsung serta berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan dalam siklus kehidupan. Penelitian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan pendekatan potong lintang bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme hubungan berbagai variabel laten terhadap prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Sampel adalah 497 kabupaten yang diagregat dari data individu, yaitu anak lahir dari ibu berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun dengan kriteria anak kandung dan lahir tunggal. Pemodelan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling. Kehamilan berisiko tinggi berhubungan positif langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek …

Does Human Papillomavirus Affect Pregnancy Outcomes? An Analysis Of Hospital Data 2012-2014, Harpriya Kaur, Delf Schmidt-Grimminger, Steven W. Remmenga, Baojiang Chen, K.M. M. Islam, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Objective: To estimate the rate of Human Papillomavirus among pregnant women and its impact on the pregnancy outcomes.

Study design: This was a retrospective cohort study of women who sought prenatal care and later delivered at the Nebraska Medical Center from 2012-2014. Human Papillomavirus infection was based on a cytological cervicovaginal diagnosis (Pap test) report. Bivariate and multivariable analyzes were performed using SAS 9.3.

Results: Of the total sample size of 4824 women, 221 (4.4%) were HPV-positive. Women with Human Papillomavirus infection had increased risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR: 2.83 95% CI: 1.28-6.26) and were also 1.8 times more likely …

Genetic Risk Of Progression To Type 2 Diabetes And Response To Intensive Lifestyle Or Metformin In Prediabetic Women With And Without A History Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus., Shannon D Sullivan, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Jose C Florez, Dana Dabelea, Paul W Franks, Sam Dagogo-Jack, Catherine Kim, William C Knowler, Costas A Christophi, Robert Ratner, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial investigated rates of progression to diabetes among adults with prediabetes randomized to treatment with placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention. Among women in the DPP, diabetes risk reduction with metformin was greater in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM but with one or more previous live births.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We asked if genetic variability could account for these differences by comparing β-cell function and genetic risk scores (GRS), calculated from 34 diabetes-associated loci, between women with and without histories of GDM.

RESULTS β-Cell function was …

Antenatal Physical Activity Counseling Among Healthcare Providers, Jenn Leiferman, Margaret Gutilla, James Paulson, Jim Pivarnik

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: Pregnant women often report a lack of knowledge concerning the safety of exercising during pregnancy. Healthcare providers play an integral role in providing pregnant women with the necessary knowledge to promote antenatal physical activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess healthcare providers’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and practices related to antenatal physical activity counseling.

Study Design: 188 Providers (i.e. obstetricians, midwives, and family medicine physicians) completed a 39 closed-item survey. Characteristics among healthcare providers’ physical activity counseling practices as well as belief, attitudes and knowledge were explored.

Results: The majority of all providers agreed that physical activity …

Progestogens To Prevent Preterm Birth In Twin Pregnancies: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials., Ewoud Schuit, Sarah Stock, Rolf H.H. Groenwold, Kimberly Maurel, C. Andrew Combs, Thomas Garite, Catherine Y. Spong, Elizabeth A. Thom, Dwight J. Rouse, Steve N. Caritis, George Saade, Julia M. Zachary, Jane E. Norman, Line Rode, Katharina Klein, Ann Tabor, Elcin Cetingoz, John C. Morrison, Everett F. Magann, Christian M. Briery, Vicente Serra, Alfredo Perales, Juan Meseguer, Anwar Nassar, Arianne C. Lim, Karel G.M. Moons, Anneke Kwee, Ben W.J. Mol

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Preterm birth is the principal factor contributing to adverse outcomes in multiple pregnancies. Randomized controlled trials of progestogens to prevent preterm birth in twin pregnancies have shown no clear benefits. However, individual studies have not had sufficient power to evaluate potential benefits in women at particular high risk of early delivery (for example, women with a previous preterm birth or short cervix) or to determine adverse effects for rare outcomes such as intrauterine death.

Methods/design

We propose an individual participant data meta-analysis of high quality randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of progestogen treatment in women with a twin pregnancy. The …

Maternal Caffeine Consumption And Risk Of Congenital Limb Deficiency Malformations, Lei Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

The Association Between Prenatal Care Content And Quality With Preterm Birth And Maternal Postpartum Health Behaviors, Susan Cha

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Health policies that seek to improve pregnancy outcomes focus on increasing the availability and access to prenatal care (PNC) services based on studies that support an association between insufficient PNC and adverse birth outcomes. These studies employ PNC utilization indices that measure the adequacy of PNC use, but these indices fail to account for the content or specific components of PNC. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to utilize PRAMS and birth certificate data to evaluate the content and quality of PNC in Virginia, and its impact on preterm birth and maternal postpartum health behaviors. Methods: Data was …

Intimate Partner Violence And Pregnancy: Data From The Chicago Women's Health Risk Study, Anne Zehner

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy increases the risks of adverse outcomes for both mothers and their unborn children, including maternal and fetal death. However, more research is needed to determine if IPV increases in frequency or severity during pregnancy and to determine what the risk factors are for IPV during pregnancy. Objectives: To use data from the Chicago Women’s Health Risk Study to determine (1) if abuse is more prevalent during the pregnancy period, 2) if abuse during the pregnancy period increases in frequency or severity, 3) if pregnant women who are abused are at increased risk for …

Kehamilan Dan Kejadian Malaria Di Puskesmas Way Muli, Lampung Selatan, Ismen Ismen

Kesmas

Kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap malaria adalah wanita hamil dengan berbagai akibat terhadap ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya. Di Indonesia, penelit- ian tentang hubungan kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus control dengan sumber data proner di populasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Way Muli Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Populasi studi adalah wanita usia 15 – 49 tahun yang datang pada saat penelit- ian pada periode November sampai dengan Desember 2006. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sediaan darah. …

Examination Of Birth Outcomes With Mode Of Delivery For Breech Presentation, Kelly Marie Arey

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Approximately 3% to 4% of all pregnancies at term will have a fetus with a breech presentation. Studies have shown that the US has almost completely abandoned vaginal delivery for breech presentation through the influence of the "Term Breech Trial" (TBT) which concluded that a policy of planned caesarian section would reduce perinatal mortality, late neonatal mortality, and serious neonatal morbidity by approximately two-thirds for term fetuses. However, the recommendations are still being challenged by others.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to describe who in Virginia is having a vaginal delivery for a breech presentation and to determine …

Lack Of Knowledge Of Mother-To-Child Transmission In Kenya Among Women Ages 15-49, Nisha Warrier

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The epidemic of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS in resource-poor countries is dramatic; it is responsible for nearly 90% of childhood infections. The primary purpose of analysis was to understand the distribution of factors and their association with lack of knowledge of MTCT in Kenya. In parallel, another aim was to identify the relationship between media, particularly frequency of radio exposure, and lack of knowledge.Methods: This study used the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) collected for 8,195 women, ages 15-49. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and logistic regression were completed on SPSS 14 software.Results: In the sample, 1151 …

Factors Associated With High Sexual Risk Behavior In Single Women, Thomas B. M. Leecost

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: This study was to identify factors associated with High Sexual Risk Behavior (HSRB) in single Afro American women seen in an Epidemiology/Sexual transmitted disease (EPID/STD) Clinic in Richmond, Virginia from January 2006 through April 2006.Method: Participants were 154 single women (no history of marriage) between the ages of 18-30 visiting the EPID/STD clinic for the first time.Demographic information was obtained from their records. A volunteer interview was given that contained 101 variables to evaluate for High Sexual Risk Behavior (HSRB). HSRB was defined to response 'yes' to the question, "During the past 3 months did you have sex with …

Predictors Of Primary Elective Cesarean Delivery Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women In Virginia, Brooke W. Rossheim

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether certain maternal variables were associated with the performance of a primary cesarean delivery rather than a spontaneous vaginal delivery among apparently healthy pregnant women in the Commonwealth of Virginia.Methods. This study utilized the 2004 Virginia Statistics File for Live Births which contained 103,830 records. From this dataset, the following groups of women were excluded: multiparous women, women who had had a previous delivery by any method, women with medical and obstetric problems, women with any labor and delivery complications, women with premature births and women with multiple gestations. The …

Predictors Of Early Onset Of Sexual Intercourse In Male And Female Residents Of The United States, Brianna Michele Magnusson

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract Purpose: The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy of any industrialized nation. Adolescents who have their first sexual intercourse at a young age are at increased risk for teen pregnancies and acquiring a sexually transmitted disease. This study examines predictors of early onset sexual intercourse in male and female residents of the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of N=7,643 females and N=4.928 males ages 15-44 was procured from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), Cycle 6. Age at first sexual intercourse was used to define early onset of sexual debut(<18 years). Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents, demographic and selected reproductive characteristics of the respondent's parents were examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results: Non-fispanic black, being raised without both parents, having a mother less than 18 years old at the age of first birth and age difference between partners were significant predictors of early onset of sexual intercourse for both males and females. Maternal education less than high school was a significant protective factor for female respondents [OR=0.72 (95%CI=0.58- 0.90)] and paternal education completed high school only [OR=1.4 (95% CI=l. 1-1.7)] was a significant risk factor for male respondents. Conclusions: Racelethnicity, age difference between partners, not being raised by both parents, having a mother who had her first birth before the age of 18 and parental education are important predictor variables. Further study should be conducted to investigate the protective effect of lack of maternal education for female respondents. Intervention programs for teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention should target these at risk groups.

Predictors Of Induced Abortion Among Female Youth Center Users In Port-Au-Prince, Haiti, Rachel Barker

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Induced abortions occur in every country in the world. However sixty percent of the world's women live in countries where abortion is illegal. 19 million pregnancies end in unsafe and/or illegal abortions. Annually, 68,000 women die from unsafe abortions. Legal or not, unsafe abortion is one of the great neglected problems of health care in developing countries like Haiti and is a serious concern to women during their reproductive lives. Methods: The data for this study was collected from youth centers (ages 15-24) and used to estimate percentage distributions of abortion ratios by selected characteristics of women, particularly age …

Decreasing Barriers For Teens: Evaluation Of A New Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Strategy In School-Based Clinics, Abbey C. Sidebottom, Amanda Birnbaum, Sarah S. Nafstad

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Sidebottom et al seek to evaluate the effects of the change in distribution systems on students' receipt of requested contraceptives and demand for contraceptive school-based clinics (SBC). The result of the study reveals that the average number of requests per student was higher under the voucher system, possibly as a consequence of expires vouchers resulting in repeated requests. The findings also suggest that SBCs could go a step further in reducing adolescents' barriers to accessing contraceptives by adopting an on-site direct delivery system..

U.S. Women And Hiv Infection, P. Clay Stephens

New England Journal of Public Policy

Women are inadequately provided with HIV services and education and are differentially denied access to these. Divisions of race, ethnicity, economic class, and religion, among others, are compounded by sexual discrimination within each of these categories.

Review of current data on women with AIDS reveals that the reporting methods used convey a false impression that women are not at significant risk. Moreover, the persons indirectly affected by AIDS are predominantly women — mothers, sisters, partners, family members, teachers, and human service workers. Thus, AIDS is more of a women's issue than the statistics imply.

Women, as a gender-defined class, face …