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Articles 91 - 120 of 132
Full-Text Articles in Epidemiology
Social Support And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Male Migrant Market Workers From Central Asia In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Gaukhar Mergenova
Social Support And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Male Migrant Market Workers From Central Asia In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Gaukhar Mergenova
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Many studies have shown that risky sexual behavior leads to increased rates of HIV infection among labor migrants. However, little is known about the role of social support in risky sexual behavior among labor migrants in Kazakhstan. This study explores the potential association between social support and risky sexual behaviors among male migrant market vendors in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha
Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widespread in the environment. Minimal data exist regarding the neurotoxicity and thyroid disruptive property of PFCs in aging populations and the possible mediating effects of thyroid hormones (THs). In this study, we assessed associations among PFCs, thyroid function, and neuropsychological status, and determined if the neurotoxic effects of PFCs are mediated by changes in THs in an aging population. We measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and total triiodothyronine (T3) in serum and performed neuropsychological tests in men and women aged 55-74 years and living …
A Population-Based Case-Control Study Of The Association Between Extreme Heat Events And Neural Tube Defects And Oral Clefts, Aida Soim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
With climate change it is expected that extreme weather events will become more frequent and longer in duration. The health consequences of maternal exposure during pregnancy to extreme heat events are not well understood in spite of biological plausibility for adverse effects suggested by prior findings. There is very limited research that explores the relationship between extreme heat events and birth defects. The overall goal of this line of research was to determine whether heatwaves (HW) are associated with two major classes of birth defects: neural tube defects (NTDs) and oral clefts. One component of this project aimed to describe …
Initiation And Completion Of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Among Colorectal Cancer Patients, Ashar Ata
Initiation And Completion Of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Among Colorectal Cancer Patients, Ashar Ata
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: For regionally advanced colorectal cancers resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is the recommended treatment. Despite consensus on benefits, studies have shown that a significant proportion of patients do not initiate it. Among those who initiate the survival benefits of chemotherapy cannot be fully realized without completed treatment. Without supplementing treatment information from insurance claims cancer registries are inadequate for assessment of ACT utilization. This study was aimed at measuring the initiation and completion of ACT among colorectal cancer patients and identifying the associated factors.
In Utero Exposure To Antiretroviral Medication And Congenital Malformation Outcomes In New York State 1998-2010, Stephen Goins
In Utero Exposure To Antiretroviral Medication And Congenital Malformation Outcomes In New York State 1998-2010, Stephen Goins
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To examine the relationships between HIV ARV use during pregnancy and congenital malformations outcomes in New York State.
Hypertension Prevalence Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2007-2010) : Are There Race And Hispanic Origin Differences?, Philip M. Dimura
Hypertension Prevalence Among Adults In The United States (Nhanes 2007-2010) : Are There Race And Hispanic Origin Differences?, Philip M. Dimura
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of hypertension across race and ethnic categories in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2007 to 2010.
Alternative Vaccination Schedules (Avs) : Detection Of Avs In New York State Using Immunization Registry Data, Jessica A. Nadeau
Alternative Vaccination Schedules (Avs) : Detection Of Avs In New York State Using Immunization Registry Data, Jessica A. Nadeau
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Intentional deviation from the recommended childhood vaccine schedule (RVS), referred to as an alternative vaccination schedule (AVS) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Physicians may accommodate vaccine-hesitant parents with an AVS as a compromise position to allow some vaccinations to be given, but in doing so children remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable disease for a longer period of time. This research expands upon the nascent literature by proposing a unified definition of AVS, quantifying the prevalence of infants following an AVS in New York State (NYS) (exclusive of New York City) by geographic area and community and medical practice …
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases that tend to occur together, including diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been associated with increased risk of development of several of the components of the MetS.
Quantitative Evaluation Of Antibiotic Exposure-Response Relationships Among Patients With Serious Staphylococcal Infections, Thomas Patrick Lodise
Quantitative Evaluation Of Antibiotic Exposure-Response Relationships Among Patients With Serious Staphylococcal Infections, Thomas Patrick Lodise
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation advances our understanding of antimicrobial exposure-response relationships among patients with serious infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. The need is pressing as treatment of this invasive pathogen has been complicated by the development of antibiotic resistance. One antibiotic resistant phenotype of particular concern is methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Due to the multi-drug resistant nature of most MRSA strains, vancomycin emerged as the cornerstone of therapy. Although widely used for serious MRSA infections, many clinicians now question its continued utility due to the emergence of MRSA strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility phenotypes (rVSPs). The literature is developing rapidly, but characterization …
The Potential For Bridging : Hiv Status Awareness And Risky Sexual Behavior Of Injection Drug Users Who Have Non-Injecting Permanent Partners In Ukraine, Alyona Mazhnaya
The Potential For Bridging : Hiv Status Awareness And Risky Sexual Behavior Of Injection Drug Users Who Have Non-Injecting Permanent Partners In Ukraine, Alyona Mazhnaya
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Using Administrative Data To Estimate The Burden Of Chlamydia Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees In New York State, Lindsay W. Cogan
Using Administrative Data To Estimate The Burden Of Chlamydia Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees In New York State, Lindsay W. Cogan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is of public health concern because of its adverse effects on reproduction. Women infected with Chlamydia can develop pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to serious reproductive system morbidity including ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Does Intimate Partner Violence Affect The Acceptability Of Expedited Partner Therapy?, Suzanne Elizabeth Beck
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Studies have identified associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). An estimated 6% of women in the United States have experienced physical and/or sexual assault inflicted by an intimate partner in the previous year. Of those with an STI, chlamydia is disproportionately reported for women. In 2009, New York State legalized Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) for chlamydial infections; however clinicians are lacking guidance with respect to appropriate use of EPT when IPV is a concern.
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
30-Day Readmission And Emergency Department Visits : Experience Of Diabetes And Abdominal Surgery Patients, Andrea Jane Mathis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nearly one-fifth of Medicare beneficiaries are readmitted within 30 days of a hospital stay. Readmissions contribute to the rising health care costs and they serve as a proxy for overall inpatient quality of care. Policy makers and payers interested in the efficacy of strategies to improve care coordination have scrutinized readmission rates for some time, yet this analysis attends to several remaining gaps in the literature. First, the rising prevalence of diabetes may be an underappreciated driver for readmissions. Second, many abdominal surgery patients require post-operative care, yet the point of care delivery and level of care needed has not …
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Effect Of Data Aggregation At Two Geographic Levels On The Association Between Absms And Gonorrhea Rates In Nys, 1999-2001, Christina Michelle Gray
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study compared the association between residential area factors and gonorrhea, aggregated at both the census tract versus ZIP code levels. Prior research has found that census block groupings are most optimal in neighborhood-level studies, followed by census tracts and ZIP codes. Because several healthcare databases currently only provide ZIP code level data, the aim of this study was to examine whether there exists a meaningful difference between the interpretation of census tract and ZIP code aggregate data. Our study measured the association between socioeconomic factors and gonorrhea in New York State, exclusive of New York City (NYC), census tracts …
Augmenting Program Data With Secondary Data Sources To Improve The Quality Of Existing Statistics : Four Examples From The New York State Department Of Health Hospital-Acquired Infection Reporting Program, Valerie Benson Haley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the novel application of methods that can be used to improve the accuracy of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates. Public reporting of HAI rates is relatively new. New York was one of the first states to mandate reporting in acute care hospitals (2007), followed by national pay-for-reporting in 2011, and national value-based purchasing in 2013. Given the financial ramifications of public reporting, it is critical that the data are validated and adjusted for differences in underlying risk among patient populations so that hospital performance can be fairly compared. However, limited information on the …
The Effects Of The Built Environment On Physical Activity In Rural Upstate New York, Kimberly Moore
The Effects Of The Built Environment On Physical Activity In Rural Upstate New York, Kimberly Moore
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Physical activity across the lifespan is associated with numerous health benefits. That the built environment can influence physical activity is a widely accepted hypothesis which has been examined extensively in urban/suburban and across urban-rural environments. Numerous census variables, such as housing density, percent renter, and others related to urbanity, are related to physical activity and built environment measures. However, the rural built environment's influence on adult physical activity is relatively unexplored.
Prognostic Implications Of Oral Health Status In Hiv-Positive Women In St. Petersburg, Russia, Anna Vinogradova
Prognostic Implications Of Oral Health Status In Hiv-Positive Women In St. Petersburg, Russia, Anna Vinogradova
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To assess state of oral health in HIV-positive women in St. Petersburg, Russia and to study the association of oral health with pregnancy status and other factors in this sample.
The Relationship Between Hiv/Aids Knowledge And Condom Use Among Reproductive Age Women In Georgia, Lia Gvinjilia
The Relationship Between Hiv/Aids Knowledge And Condom Use Among Reproductive Age Women In Georgia, Lia Gvinjilia
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To assess changes in HIV/AIDS knowledge over a decade with substantial educational efforts and reported condom use.
The Burden Of Hepatitis C Virus In New York State, Rachel Hart Malloy
The Burden Of Hepatitis C Virus In New York State, Rachel Hart Malloy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States (US). Annual incidence of HCV in the US peaked in the late 1980's, declined steadily through the 1990's and has plateaued since 2003 with approximately 18,000 new cases in 2008. The morbidity and mortality associated with HCV is expected to rise until at least 2015. Due to the high rate of asymptomatic cases, inherent limitations with target screening recommendations, limitations with screening technologies and scarce resources for surveillance nationwide, quantification of the burden is difficult. US estimates of disease burden have …
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: Association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies in developed countries, however few studies have been performed in developing countries of Asia.
Influenza In The 21st Century : Assessment Of The 2009 H1n1 Pandemic Severity, Enhanced Surveillance Methods, And Pediatric Influenza-Associated Deaths, Dina M. Hoefer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Influenza is among the most important of the endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases infecting humans. In June 2009, the World Health Organization raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 in response to the ongoing global spread of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1).1 The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic presented a unique opportunity and provided resources to monitor and study influenza in a way that would and could not be supported during a `typical' influenza season. Research objectives included: 1) characterizing the severity of illness among hospitalized patients infected with pH1N1; 2) assessing the utility of hospital discharge …
Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf
Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Few studies have analyzed the effect of lifecourse socioeconomic position (LSEP) on racial disparities in body mass index (BMI) trajectories and Diabetes. Four waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (1986-2002) were used to compute BMI trajectories and diabetes prevalence for 3497 Black and White participants. Multivariate associations of LSEP variables (father's education, perceived childhood SEP, education, income, wealth and financial stress) with baseline BMI and BMI change were assessed using mixed models. We also evaluated whether disparate LSEP predictors are influential in Blacks as compared to Whites. Finally we evaluated the presence of latent, pathway and cumulative models of …
Evaluating The Impact Of Prior Hospital Mortality Versus Surgical Volume On Length Of Stay Following Pediatric Congenital Cardiac Surgery In New York State, Ming Liu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: To examine the relationship of prior hospital surgical volume and risk-adjusted mortality rate with future length of stay for children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery in New York State.
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study assessed the association between high temperatures and increased odds of hospitalization for renal diseases which, to date, has been examined in only a small number of studies. A case-crossover design was used to study 147,885 hospital admissions with renal diagnoses during July and August, 1991-2004 in New York State. Regional temperature, humidity and barometric pressure data from automated monitors were used as exposure indicators. Using time-stratified referent selection and conditional logistic regression analysis, an overall 9% increase in odds of hospitalization for acute renal failure per 5°F (2.78°C) was found for mean temperature at a one day lag …
Detection And Epidemiological Patterns Of Drug Resistance Mutations In Nys Plasmodium Falciparum Clinical Malaria Specimens, Jennifer L. Conaway
Detection And Epidemiological Patterns Of Drug Resistance Mutations In Nys Plasmodium Falciparum Clinical Malaria Specimens, Jennifer L. Conaway
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Plasmodium falciparum is a human-infective parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria. Resistance to a wide spectrum of antimalarials has been documented in this species, and single strains may be resistant to several drugs. A new technology, pyrosequencing, has been shown to be useful for the rapid detection of SNPs involved in drug resistance. It can be used in a clinical setting and readily detects new mutants, which frequently appear in this species due to strong selection for antimalarial resistance. In this study, a pyrosequencing protocol was developed to identify mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes Pfcrt, Pfdhps, …
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Occupational Exposure And Risk Of Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) comprise more than one third of all cancers, and are increasing worldwide. The most common NMSC are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Studies on humans and animals suggest that sunlight and arsenic play important roles in the pathogenesis of these skin malignancies. However, the number of epidemiological studies focusing on NMSC in workers exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation or airborne arsenic is limited, and the findings are contradictory.
Association Between Chemical Constituents Of Particulate Matter And Cardiovascular And Respiratory Morbidities In Nys, Rena Jones
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Improved understanding of health risks from short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents may explain seasonal and geographic heterogeneity in PM2.5-health associations and inform control efforts targeting PM sources. Few studies have examined PM species health effects; most have been limited by their exposure assessments and modeling approaches. The goals of this project were to improve the PM exposure assessment and explore relationships between PM2.5 species and health in acute and chronic contexts.
Risk Factors Associated With Not Well Controlled And Very Poorly Controlled Asthma In U.S. Northeast Region, Brfss Asthma Callback Survey, 2006-2008, Can Yang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Geographic And Community Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy In New York State, Elizabeth Villamil
Geographic And Community Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy In New York State, Elizabeth Villamil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
University students (N=1,924) at a large public university were surveyed to measure their nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and ecological literacy. A quantitative measure of ecological literacy was developed for this purpose, reflecting familiarity with nature, awareness of one's personal impact on local and global ecologies, and personal lifestyle choices that demonstrate civic responsibility for the natural environment. The association between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices was compared to the association between ecological literacy and dietary practices. The results showed that: (1) many students were not familiar with public health eating recommendations and did not eat recommended amounts of foods, particularly …