Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Environmental Perspective For System Dynamics Modeling Of Stunting Mitigation To Achieve The Sustainable Development Goals In West Sumatra, Indonesia, Elsa Yuniarti, Nabila Azzahra, Yulhendri Yulhendri, Heldi Heldi, Mery Delvina, Saskia Putri Azeli

Kesmas

This study developed a system dynamics model to simulate stunting reduction in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by integrating infant and toddler health, maternal health, and environmental determinants. Secondary data from 2020–2024 on low birth weight, immunization, malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal chronic energy deficiency, iron and folic acid supplement distribution, sanitation, and safe drinking water access were compiled from West Sumatra Provincial Health Office and Statistics Indonesia, and validated through consultation with five stakeholder institutions. Causal Loop Diagrams mapped feedback relationships among determinants and were translated into Stock Flow Diagrams using Powersim Studio 10. The model was validated through structural verification, …

Environmental Contamination Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus In Primary Care Clinics: Implications For Occupational Safety, Subki Ahmad, Normah Awang, Ermie Abdull Hamid, Anuar Ithnin, Nurul Farahana Kamaludin, Noraizah Muhd Nor

Kesmas

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are major contributors to healthcare-associated infection, yet data from primary care clinics remain limited. This study assessed environmental contamination in eight clinics in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and evaluated associated environmental factors. Samples were collected from environmental surfaces and equipment in Medical Officer and Patient Treatment Rooms, then cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Environmental parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, air movement, and room density, were measured. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and multiple linear regression analyses. MRSA was detected on 19.8% of environmental surfaces (patient treatment beds (47.3%) and side …

Factors Affecting Irritant Contact Dermatitis Among Horticulture Farmers In Semarang District, Indonesia, Maria Goretti Catur Yuantari, Haikal Haikal, Dewi Susanna

Kesmas

Irritant contact dermatitis is a common condition among farmers, but its underlying causes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with irritant contact dermatitis among horticulture farmers in Semarang District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 427 farmers using a validated, reliable structured questionnaire. The results indicated complaints of dermatitis related to contact with irritants. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Analysis revealed that sex, personal hygiene habits, education level, and the number of pesticide types used were significantly associated with irritant contact dermatitis. Female farmers were less likely to develop irritant …

Emission Characterization And Health Risk Assessment Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Automotive Painting In Thailand, Vanitchaya Kultan, Sarawut Thepanondh, Jutarat Keawboonchu, Nattaporn Pinthong, Wissawa Malakan

Kesmas

The automotive industry is a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, particularly from solvent-based painting processes. This study evaluated VOC characteristics and distribution to assess associated health risks for workers and communities at varying distances from automotive painting facilities in Thailand, focusing on stacks and wastewater treatment plants that handle solvent-containing wastewater. The findings revealed aromatic compounds were predominant (66% of the total emissions), followed by oxygenated VOCs (26%). The stacks mainly emitted aromatics such as toluene and ethylbenzene, whereas the wastewater released oxygenated VOCs, particularly methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. The exposure concentrations in each …

Risk Assessment Of Salmonella Spp. Exposure Among Chicken Farm Workers In Phatthalung Province, Southern Thailand, Nutthajit Onmek, Nongyao Mueangdee

Kesmas

This study examined the risk of Salmonella spp. exposure among chicken farm workers by evaluating occupational health management practices. The probability of exposure was determined by assessing the number of contamination points. Sampling for Salmonella spp. contamination was conducted at 7 and 45 days of chicken batches across five areas, alongside evaluation of worker behaviors to assess exposure risk. Three of the 12 large closed-system farms, each housing >10,000 chickens, were selected. Results indicated that boots were the most contaminated items. Workers generally adhered to habitual boot-wearing, which reduced the risk of exposure. Moderate levels of workers' exposure prevention practices, …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Validation Of Ranas-Based Instrument For Measuring Latrine Use Behavior In Indonesia, Vera Yulyani, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Iswanto Iswanto

Kesmas

Using toilets is a simple way to prevent diarrhea, yet no validated tool exists to measure this habit. This study aimed to develop and validate instruments for measuring latrine use consistency. This questionnaire was adapted from the risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) framework developed in India and modified for Indonesia. It was evaluated by three experts using the content validity index (CVI). The face validity index (FVI) was pilot-tested on 40 community respondents. Variables measured included behavior, habits, intentions to use toilets, knowledge, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation. Question items with relevance and clarity scores of item CVI …

Socioeconomic Status, Environmental Health Knowledge, And Housewives’ Behavior In Maintaining Healthy Housing At Subsidized Flats In East Jakarta, Indonesia, Alfitra Firizkia Luthfiana Dewi, Laila Fitria

Kesmas

Healthy behavior among housewives is a crucial aspect of efforts to maintain healthy housing. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of socioeconomic status (e.g., household income, level of education of family head and housewives, and family head’s occupation) and environmental health knowledge with housewives’ behavior (e.g., vector control, waste management, home ventilation, cigarette smoking, and hand sanitation hygiene) in maintaining healthy housing in the subsidized flats in East Jakarta, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study employed the two-proportion hypothesis test formula and a simple random sampling method, recruiting 137 housewives for interviews. Data were analyzed via logistic regression to determine factors …

Food Hygiene And Sanitation Of The University Canteens In South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, Anita Rahmiwati, Fatmalina Febry, Fenny Etrawati, Indah Purnama Sari, Yeni Yeni, Virgina Putri Sabila, Erike Septa Prautami, Maretalinia Maretalinia

Kesmas

Food safety is a critical public health issue, especially in institutional settings such as university canteens, where large populations are served daily. Inadequate hygiene and sanitation practices by food handlers can lead to foodborne illnesses, placing students and staff at risk. This study evaluated hygiene and sanitation conditions in the canteens of a leading public university in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, known for its active food service facilities. This study examined food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices and assessed the microbiological safety of chicken curry by testing for Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination and total plate count. Using a cross-sectional …

The Spread Of Tuberculosis Cases In The Highlands And Coastal Areas Of Padang, Rapitos Sidiq, Indang Dewata, Heldi Heldi, Nurhasan Syah, Linda Handayuni, Al Asyary

Kesmas

The current tuberculosis (TB) worldwide situation is very concerning in terms of the number of cases and the death toll, as well as the environmental factors that contribute to its transmission. This has driven policy decisions that aim to enhance contemporary TB control efforts. This study aimed to map the pattern of TB spread based on geographic location, particularly in the highland and coastal areas of Padang City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative descriptive analysis using secondary data from 6 primary health care (PHC) from April 2022 to March 2023, comprising 896 cases. Data analysis was …

Assessment Of Free Drinking Water Facilities And Its Potential Health Risks: A Study In The University X, Indah Actry Zane Lumbantobing, Bambang Wispriyono, Fitri Kurniasari, Sifa Fauzia, Muhammad Nur Ihsan Ayyasy, Alissa Siti Haura, Ghina Labibah, Muhammad Abiyyu Akmal, Kirana Mahadewi Heryadi, Firda Alfianti, Nuranida Fauziyah

Kesmas

University X offers free drinking water facilities. However, it has a significant problem in accessing safe drinking water. This study aimed to examine the microbial and chemical parameters of the free drinking water facilities at University X. The microbial quality was assessed by evaluating the total coliform bacteria, and the chemical parameter assessment, substances such as nitrate, iron, manganese, hexavalent chromium, and fluoride were analyzed across 12 water samples from various locations within the university. Among these, only total coliform and fluoride levels exceeded the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indonesian Ministry of Health. An Environmental …

Exploration Of Positive Deviance In Prevention Of Underweight In The Under-Five: A Qualitative Study On Low-Income Urban Families, Irwan Budiono, Lukman Fauzi, Dewi Sari Rochmayani

Kesmas

Children under the age of five (the under-five) from low-income families are more vulnerable to experience underweight. This nutritional vulnerability is evident in the preliminary study, where 35.1% of the under-five experience underweight, and 28.48% are low-income families. This study aimed to explore Positive Deviance (PD) behaviors in preventing underweight among the under-five. The study applied a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection took place in July-August 2022, focusing on low-income families in the Gunung Brintik area. Data were collected through two focus group discussions, seven in-depth interviews, and five key informant interviews. Coding, subtheme, and theme …

Risk Factors For Cognitive Impairment In Adult Population Of Coastal Area: A Cross-Sectional Study In Maringkik Island, Indonesia, Herpan Syafii Harahap, Arina Windri Rivarti, Nurhidayati Nurhidayati, Fitriannisa Faradina Zubaidi, Dini Suryani, Legis Ocktaviana Saputri, Yanna Indrayana, Athalita Andhera, Muhammad Hilam, Abiyyu Didar Haq

Kesmas

Cognitive impairment is a medical condition commonly found in elderly populations, which can be due to vascular risk factors in patients. There remains limited data on risk factors for cognitive impairment among coastal region populations. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for cognitive impairment in the adult population of Maringkik Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Data collected were age, sex, education level, hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and body mass index status. A total of 114 participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling method. The participants’ cognitive function assessment used the Mini-Cog instrument. The cognitive impairment …

Food Hygiene And Sanitation At The Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory: Food Safety Efforts For The Hajj Pilgrims, Fauziah Hayati, Al Asyary, Bambang Wispriyono, Harunor Rashid, Z Memish

Kesmas

Several health risks are associated with performing Hajj pilgrimage. Food poisoning is a major cause of diarrhea and vomiting during Hajj. Food hygiene is an effort to control aspects of food, people, places, and equipment that could cause disease or health problems. This study aimed to describe food hygiene and sanitation efforts implemented in 2023 at the Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory in Jakarta, implemented in 2023 to safeguard foods for the Hajj pilgrims. Using a descriptive qualitative design with a document analysis approach, this study examined activities during the pre-embarkation and embarkation periods. Pre-embarkation efforts included inspecting the …

The Open Defecation Free Program Evaluation Using The Context, Input, Process, And Product Model In Jambi, Indonesia, Guspianto Guspianto, Willia Novita Eka Rini, Rizalia Wardiah, Susi Desmaryani, Herlina Herlina

Kesmas

The Open Defecation Free (ODF) program was initiated by the government to increase access to healthy latrines. This study aimed to evaluate the ODF program using the CIPP evaluation model. A qualitative and exploratory descriptive method was adopted to investigate informants' experiences regarding the program's implementation. Data was explored through semi-structured interviews with 17 informants and analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the program was crucial as numerous people engaged in open defecation due to economic, geographical, cultural, and knowledge factors. The absence of ODF policy was due to lack of priority, limited government and private support, insufficient …

Economic Loss Of Leptospirosis: Is It Still Appropriate To Be Tropical Neglected Zoonosis Disease?, Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni, Sinta Dewi Lestyoningrum, Ristiyanto Ristiyanto, Wahyu Gito Putro, Indah Pawitaningtyas, Syarifah Nuraini, Linta Meyla Putri, Debri Rizki Faisal, Adhista Eka Noveyani, Muhammad Agus Mikrajab

Kesmas

Leptospirosis is a tropical endemic disease that can reduce the productivity of sufferers. However, research on economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis is rare. This study aimed to determine economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis in the Banyumas District, Indonesia, as an endemic area. This study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative methods conducted in October 2022. Secondary data of medical records and billing information from 73 inpatients receiving treatment at a Public Hospital in the Banyumas District from February 2021 to September 2022 obtained from the hospital’s archives were used. This study examined the actual costs (direct …

Ammonia Exposure Based On The Length Of Work To Lung Function Abnormalities Among Traditional Scavengers, Maulyda Shakeela Jasmine, Fajaria Nurcandra, Nayla Kamilia Fithri, Arga Buntara

Kesmas

Lung function abnormalities can be caused by smoking habits or air pollution. Sanitary landfills can produce ammonia, which can cause lung function abnormalities. This study aimed to determine a relationship between ammonia exposure based on the length of work and lung function abnormalities among traditional scavengers at the Sumur Batu Landfill, Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia. This analytical observational study applied quantitative methods and cross-sectional design. A total of 85 scavengers were selected using purposive sampling from March to May 2023. Data was obtained using a respondent characteristics questionnaire, spirometry, and spectrophotometer and analyzed using the Cox Regression Model. …

Systematic Review Of Factors Related To Pm2.5 Exposure On The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Rifka Putri Salma, Laila Fitria

Kesmas

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in many countries, and most of them are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Air pollution is thought to contribute to the T2DM incidence, and one of the most important pollutants is PM2.5. This study aimed to determine factors related to PM2.5 exposure and individual factors in increasing the risk of T2DM based on a systematic review. The PRISMA was used as a method of data collection and selection. Of 176 relevant articles identified and screened, 12 articles from various countries published in 2013-2021 were synthesized in this study. Results showed that long-term …

Ambient Particulate Matter With Blood Pressure In Adult Women Living In Urban City, Nurusysyarifah Aliyyah, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Bambang Wispriyono, Laila Fitria

Kesmas

Ambient air pollution, especially from fine particles, contributes to human mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, for which high blood pressure (BP) is a major modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) on the risk of high BP leading to hypertension. This study used a cross-sectional design on 118 adult women living in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants were selected from a 1-km radius of the nearest air quality monitoring station with available data PM2.5. Linear regression was analyzed to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and systolic and diastolic BPs adjusted for potential …

Prevention Of Tuberculosis Transmission Through Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection In The Air, Ni Njoman Juliasih, Eko Budi Koendhori, I Nyoman Semita

Kesmas

Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous and highly contagious disease. Global cases have increased since, and Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of TB cases. This study aimed to prevent TB transmission by analyzing air contamination. Air samples were taken from three primary health cares (PHCs) in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, and cultured in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) media. Of the 108 air samples collected, 36 came from the waiting room, 36 from the examination room, and 36 from the laboratory room. As a result, the waiting room (50%), examination room (16.7%), and laboratory …

Environmental Health Risk Analysis Of So2 And No2 In Kemiri Muka Village, Depok City, Indonesia, Nuansa Dwika Aulia, Budi Hartono

Kesmas

Kemiri Muka is a village in Beji Subdistrict, Depok City, Indonesia. Based on a preliminary survey conducted in one of the neighborhood units of Kemiri Muka Village, the residential had a high density of houses and was close to traditional markets, toll roads, the main road of Depok City, and landfills. This caused the air quality in the village area to decline. This study aimed to analyze risks to public health and the environment from exposure to toxic substances, SO2 and NO2, which are high in the air due to transportation on the highway and population density. The sample from …

Smoking Habit At Home And Upper Respiratory Infection In Infants Aged 6-12 Months, Musfardi Rustam, Nur Pelita Sembiring, Taswir Effendy

Kesmas

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) is an acute infection caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Smoking habit at home is a risk factor for URI in infants. This study aimed to determine a relationship between smoking at home and the incidence of URI in infants. This study was conducted the fourth week of February 2010 until the third week of April 2010 in Kampar District, Indonesia. This analytical study used a case-control design and cluster random sampling. The samples comprised 162 cases and 162 controls, infants aged 6-12 months. The cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI …

New Approach To Mapping Regional Vulnerability In Controlling Tuberculosis Disease In Indonesia, Maria Holly Herawati, Asep Hermawan, Dasuki Dasuki, Hadi Supratikta, Al Asyary, M Rokhis Khomarudin, Muhammad Priyatna, Raflizar Raflizar, Kristina Kristina, Noer Endah Pracoyo, Dina Bisara, Cahya Tri Purnami, Mentari Nur Farida Suteja, Yusrial Bachtiar, Noor Edi Widya Sukoco, Doni Lasut

Kesmas

Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is still a health problem. The TB prevalence in Indonesia ranks second in the world after India in 2023. Regional factors, inadequate healthcare facilities, and limited resources (financial, human, and infrastructure) are challenges requiring innovation to help the government control TB. TB eradication efforts need to be made with a comprehensive and effective approach. One method used is to look at the vast territory of Indonesia, therefore, mapping the TB disease vulnerability is a highly recommended method. The use of a Geographic Information System is expected to help map the TB vulnerability areas in Indonesia. Given …

Differences In Active Ingredients Of White Chicory Leaves (Brassica Pekinensis L) As A Bio-Larvicidal Against Aedes Aegypti Larvae, Marlik Marlik, Dhea Stya Okta, Ngadino Ngadino, Demes Nurmayanti, Irwan Sulistio, Aries Prasetyo

Kesmas

Continuous chemical dengue control can cause vector resistance and environmental pollution. Developing natural larvicides (bio-larvicides) from plant toxins like white chicory, which can poison Aedes aegypti larvae, is necessary for a sustainable alternative. This study aimed to analyze differences in active ingredients in white chicory leaves (Brassica pekinensis L) as bio-larvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae. This study was a pure experiment using a post-test-only control design using 1,225 Aedes aegypti instar III larvae with extracts of alkaloid active ingredients, flavonoids, and concentrations of 0%, 24%, 34%, and 40% with 3 times replication. Data were analyzed using a probit test, one-way …

The Effects Of Environmental Noise On Annoyance, Stress, And Urine Cortisol Levels Among Residents Living Near Industrial Sites In Bangkok, Thailand, Nutthajit Onmek, Narisa Kengtrong Bordeerat, Supat Wangwongwatana

Kesmas

People are exposed to environmental noise each day. It may be annoying, cause stress, induce hormonal changes, and negatively affect long-term health. This study aimed to determine the effects of environmental noise on annoyance, perceived stress, stress symptoms, and urine cortisol in people living in a selected area. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2022 on 142 participants. Urine samples were collected to determine cortisol levels, and perceived stress, stress symptoms, and environmental noise annoyance were evaluated using questionnaires. Stress symptoms correlated with traffic, industrial, and community noise, but not aircraft noise. Community noise correlated most strongly …

Editorial: The Public Health Scholars As The Health Leaders, Al Asyary, Meita Veruswati, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Indri Hapsari Susilowati

Kesmas

1. Achmadi UF. Kesehatan Masyarakat: Teori dan Aplikasi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers; 2014.

2. Asyary A. Editorial. Kesmas. 2023; 18 (Special Issue 1): 1-3. DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v18isp1.7201

3. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Pembangunan Kesehatan di Indonesia melalui Kesinambungan Finansial Jaminan Kesehatan serta Meningkatkan Kualitas Layanan dengan Integrasi Data. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2023.

Evaluation Of Solid Medical Waste Management In Bogor Regional Public Hospitals, Silvia Khansa, Agustin Kusumayati, Dewi Susanna, Uli Tiarma Sinaga

Kesmas

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste may damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities inthe hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in allhospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. …

Analysis Of Climate And Environmental Risk Factors On Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence In Bogor District, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Tria Rahmawati, Al Asyary, Fajar Nugraha

Kesmas

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and is still becoming endemic in Bogor District. This quantitative correlation study with an ecological approach aimed to analyze how DHF incidence is influenced by climate factors, population density, Larvae Free Rate (LFR), and the area altitude factor. Secondary data were obtained from the Bogor Regency Health Office; the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bogor District; and the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency. In this study, the spatial analysis method was also used, but only on the area altitude factor. The study’s results showed …

The Influence Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Physical Growth And Personal Hygiene Of Adolescents, Ruslan Halifu, Ahmad Amiruddin, Wa Ode Nesya J Samrida, Wa Ode Sitti Justin, Selvi Mayang Sari, Sudirman Pabokori

Kesmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the community's lifestyle, including adolescents’ behavior. One aspect majorly affected was physical growth, which encompasses several areas, including nutritional status and personal hygiene. Maintaining the quality of physical growth is very important, even beyond the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' nutritional status and personal hygiene. A literature review method was used through a bibliometric and content analysis of publications obtained from databases such as Google Scholar. The articles obtained were classified by publication year, study location, keywords, and journal titles. Based on the literature search, …

Workers’ Characteristics Of Hearing Loss At Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia, Andrew Ebeneizer Timanta, Budi Haryanto, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari

Kesmas

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and factors of worker behavior, including age, the use of ear protection, work duration, a record of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, work rotation, and noise hazards involved in hearing loss in PT. X at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study from May 2017 to June 2017 involved 73 workers in the power service area (TZ Unit) exposed to noise levels ≥85 dBA, using an audiometry test for hearing loss and Sound Level Meter for noise hazards was conducted. The Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between age (OR 8.4, 95% Cl = …

Editorial, Al Asyary

Kesmas

No abstract provided.