Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Bisphenol-A And The Great Divide: A Review Of Controversies In The Field Of Endocrine Disruption, Laura Vandenberg, Maricel V. Maffini, Carlos Sonnenschein, Beverly S. Rubin, Ana M. Soto

Laura Vandenberg

In 1991, a group of 21 scientists gathered at the Wingspread Conference Center to discuss evidence of developmental alterations observed in wildlife populations after chemical exposures. There, the term “endocrine disruptor” was agreed upon to describe a class of chemicals including those that act as agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, and others. This definition has since evolved, and the field has grown to encompass hundreds of chemicals. Despite significant advances in the study of endocrine disruptors, several controversies have sprung up and continue, including the debate over the existence of nonmonotonic dose …

Innovation Powered By Partnerships To Transform Health Professions Education In American Indian And Alaska Native Communities - Community/Public Health Education In Native Communities, Round Table Discussion, Tim Dunnagan

Tim Dunnagan

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Prenatal Lead Exposure On Genomic Methylation Of Cord Blood Dna, Richard J. Pilsner, Howard Hu, Adrienne Ettinger, Brisa N. Sánchez, Robert O. Wright, David Cantonwine, Alicia Lazarus, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Adriana Mercado-García, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Mauricio Hernández-Avila

J. Richard Pilsner

Background

Fetal lead exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and developmental and cognitive deficits; however, the mechanism(s) by which lead-induced toxicity occurs remains unknown. Epigenetic fetal programming via DNA methylation may provide a pathway by which environmental lead exposure can influence disease susceptibility.

Objective

This study was designed to determine whether prenatal lead exposure is associated with alterations in genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA levels from umbilical cord samples.

Methods

We measured genomic DNA methylation, as assessed by Alu and LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element-1) methylation via pyrosequencing, on 103 umbilical cord blood samples from the biorepository of the …

Optimizing Business Performance In Tough Times (Keynote), Tim Dunnagan

Tim Dunnagan

No abstract provided.

When Every Drops Counts: The Public Health Impact Of Drought, R. Konkel, Mark Miller, Robert Blake, Valeria Carlson

Steve Konkel

What are the public health effects of drought? What is the role of public health and environmental health in planning for drought? What are the political implications of drought and need for public health to be involved in drought planning? How can we reshape environmental health involvement in drought planning?

Using An Innovative Electronic Interface To Develop A Public Health Guidance Document, R. Konkel

Steve Konkel

This is part of a presentation given at the NEHA (National Environmental Health Association) 2009 conference in the Atlanta Enterprise Center June 21-24 in Atlanta Georgia.

Why Public Health Agencies Cannot Depend On Good Laboratory Practices As A Criterion For Selecting Data: The Case Of Bisphenol A, John Peterson Myers, Frederick S. Vom Saal, Benson T. Akingbemi, Koji Arizono, Scott Belcher, Theo Colborn, Ibrahim Chahoud, D. Andrew Crain, Francesca Farabollini, Louis J. Guillette Jr., Terry Hassold, Shuk-Mei Ho, Patricia A. Hunt, Taisen Iguchi, Susan Jobling, Jun Kanno, Hans Laufer, Michele Marcus, John A. Mclachlan, Angel Nadal, Jörg Oehlmann, Nicolás Olea, Paola Palanza, Stefano Parmigiani, Beverly S. Rubin, Gilbert Schoenfelder, Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana M. Soto, Chris E. Talsness, Julia A. Taylor, Laura Vandenberg, John G. Vandenbergh, Sarah Vogel, Cheryl S. Watson, Wade V. Welshons, R. Thomas Zoeller

Laura Vandenberg

BACKGROUND: In their safety evaluations of bisphenol A (BPA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a counterpart in Europe, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have given special prominence to two industry-funded studies that adhered to standards defined by Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). These same agencies have given much less weight in risk assessments to a large number of independently replicated non-GLP studies conducted with government funding by the leading experts in various fields of science from around the world. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed differences between industry-funded GLP studies of BPA conducted by commercial laboratories for regulatory purposes and …

Antioxidant Responses And Nrf2 In Synergistic Developmental Toxicity Of Pahs In Zebrafish, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Lindsey A. Van Tiem, Elwood A. Linney, Richard T. Di Giulio

Alicia R. Timme-Laragy

Early piscine life stages are sensitive to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, which can cause pericardial effusion and craniofacial malformations. We previously reported that certain combinations of PAHs cause synergistic developmental toxicity, as observed with coexposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist b-naphthoflavone (BNF) and cytochrome P4501A inhibitor a-naphthoflavone (ANF). Herein, we hypothesized that oxidative stress is a component of this toxicity. We examined induction of antioxidant genes in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) exposed to BNF or ANF individually, a BNF 1 ANF combination, and a prooxidant positive control, tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH). We measured total glutathione (GSH) and attempted to modulate …