Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Program Langit Biru : Kontribusi Kebijakan Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara Kota Terhadap Penurunan Penyakit Pernapasan Pada Anak, Laila Fitria

Kesmas

Pencemaran udara perkotaan yang berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan masyarakat sering dikaitkan dengan PM 10, NO2, dan ozon, polutan reaktif yang memicu kerusakan jaringan dalam saluran napas melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif dan inflamasi saluran napas. Pajanan jangka panjang polutan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pernapasan, penurunan fungsi paru, asma, serta penyakit sistem pernapasan kronik lain seperti penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik. Program Langit Biru merupakan salah satu upaya mengurangi pencemaran udara dari sektor transportasi yang dicanangkan sejak tahun 1996. Hingga kini, kontribusi Program Langit Biru terhadap penurunan kasus gangguan pernapasan pada anak belum dapat diperkirakan, antara lain disebabkan oleh karena pelaksanaan program melalui …

Environmental Health Service Learning And Water Quality In Gales Point, Belize, Ritchie D. Taylor, Shabbar Ranapurwala, Matthew Hill

Impact Belize

Belize is a country in Central America, formerly British Honduras, located south of Mexico and east of Guatemala on the Yucatan Peninsula. As part of the WKU International Health and Human Service Learning Program, an assessment of the local water supply in Gales Point, Belize was conducted. Gales Point is a small rural village located on the Caribbean Sea coast of Belize. Belize is a developing country thus access to safe drinking water can be problematic, as was observed on the local scale. The lack of technical, managerial and financial capacity coupled with the rural location of the village, create …

A Study Among Community Living Underneath Sutet About The General Health Condition And The Electromagnetic Fields Exposures, Corrie Wawolumaya, Djoko Darwanto

Kesmas

Jaringan SUTET Perusahaan Listrik Negara banyak melalui daerah pemukiman. Tujuan penelitian mendapatkan gambaran kesehatan penduduk yang bermukim di bawah SUTET dan di daerah urban miskin Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Penelitian disain kroseksional ini dilakukan pada sample 1200 kepala keluarga yang ditarik secara stratifikasi proportional purposif berdasarkan zona kuat medan elektromagnet. Data dikumpulkan dengan metoda observasi, wawancara dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Kuat medan listrik dan medan magnet diukur terpisah di luar rumah, dan di dalam rumah. Ditemukan kuat medan listrik tertinggi pada ketinggian 1 meter di atas tanah 3,1 kV/m. Kuat medan magnet 550 mA/m atau 687,5.10-3µT diidentifikasi dalam zona 1 0-20 m …

Human Health Risk To Ultrafine Particles In Jakarta, Budi Haryanto

Kesmas

Perhatian terhadap pencemaran udara ini menjadi semakin meningkat ketika banyak diketemukan dampaknya pada anak-anak, terutama kaitannya dengan insidens dan prevalens asma. Sumber utama pencemaran udara di Jakarta adalah dari kendaraan bermotor dan industri, dimana transportasi berkontribusi terhadap 71% NOX, 15% SO 2, dan 70% partikel debu kurang dari 10 mikronmeter (PM 10). Tujuan penelitian mengetahui jumlah partikel debu berdiameter ultrafine (partikel berukuran <0,1 mm) yang terhirup oleh anak sekolah dasar, pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi dan kendaraan umum. Studi ini menggunakan desain crosssectional dan dilakukan di Jakarta tahun 2005. Sebanyak 30 responden anak sekolah dasar, pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi dan kendaraan umum dipilih secara purposif sebagai subyek penelitian. Jumlah partikel ultrafine terhirup secara individu diukur selama 3 x 24 jam menggunakan Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) real time personal exposure measurement (jumlah ultrafine partikel per cm 3). Rerata konsentrasi partikel ultrafine terhirup pada anak sekolah dasar di rumah, di perjalanan, dan di sekolah adalah berurutan sebagai berikut: 29.254/cm 3, 147.897/cm 3 dan 61.033/cm 3. Pada pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi di rumah, di perjalanan, dan di kantor diperoleh rerata konsentrasi secara berurutan sebagai berikut: 29.213/cm 3, 310.179/cm 3 dan 42.496/cm 3. Sedangkan pada pekerja pengguna kendaraan umum adalah: 35.332/cm 3 di rumah, 453.547/cm 3 di perjalanan, dan 69.867/cm 3 di kantor. In Jakarta, the main pollution sources are vehicles and industry, with motorized traffic accounting for 71% of the oxides of nitrogen (NOX), 15% of sulphur-dioxide (SO2), and 70% of particulate matter (PM 10 ) of the total emission load. Both urban population size and the fraction of the population that owns a private vehicle are increasing. The study objective is to determine the numbers of ultrafine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 mm or less, or PM0.1 inhaled by elementary school children, commute workers with private car and commute workers with public transport. A cross-sectional study design is implemented in Jakarta 2005. Ten elementary school children, ten commuters with private car and ten commuters with public transports are purposively selected as subjects and measured personally for 3 x 24 hours using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) real-time personal exposure measurement (measured in terms of the number of particles per cubic centimeter, or # cm-3). The average concentration of ultrafine particulate matter of elementary school children at home, on the road and at school is 29,254/cm3, 147,897/cm3 and 61,033/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with private car at home, on the road and at office is 29,213/cm3, 310,179/cm3 and 42,496/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with public transport, the concentration average of at home, on the road and at office is found higher: 35,332/cm3, 453,547/cm3, and 69,867/cm3, respectively.

Agenda: World Energy Justice Conference And Appropriate Technology Arcade, University Of Colorado Boulder. Center For Energy & Environmental Security, University Of Colorado Boulder. School Of Law

World Energy Justice Conference (October 23-24)

The 2009 CEES Energy Justice Conference took place at the University of Colorado Law School on October 23rd and 24th, 2009. It featured 11 sessions, more than 40 speakers, and attracted over 200 attendees. The Conference brought together leading international and U.S. decision-makers in politics, engineering, public health, law, business, economics, and innovators in the sciences to explore how best to address the critical needs of the energy-oppressed poor (EOP) through long-term interdisciplinary action, information sharing, and deployment of appropriate sustainable energy technologies (ASETs).

The Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy (CJIELP) at the University of Colorado Law …

Bridging The Care Continuum: Patient Information Needs For Specialist Referrals., Carol L. Ireson, Svetla Slavova, Carol L. Steltenkamp, F. Douglas Scutchfield

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Information transfer is critical in the primary care to specialist referral process and has been examined extensively in the US and other countries, yet there has been little attention to the patient's perspective of the information transfer process. This cross-sectional study examined the quality of the information received by patients with a chronic condition from the referring and specialist physician in the specialist referral process and the relationship of the quality of information received to trust in the physicians.

METHODS: Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of 250 patients who had experienced a referral to a …

Characteristics Of A Healthy Environment, Saima Khalid

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

Urogenital Abnormalities In Men Exposed To Diethylstilbestrol In Utero: A Cohort Study, Julie R. Palmer, Arthur L. Herbst, Kenneth L. Noller, Deborah A. Boggs, Rebecca Troisi, Linda Titus-Ernstoff, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Lauren A. Wise, William C. Strohsnitter, Robert N. Hoover

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely prescribed to pregnant women during the 1940s70s, has been shown to cause reproductive problems in the daughters. Studies of prenatally-exposed males have yielded conflicting results.

Methods: In data from a collaborative follow-up of three U.S. cohorts of DES-exposed sons, we examined the relation of prenatal DES exposure to occurrence of male urogenital abnormalities. Exposure status was determined through review of prenatal records. Mailed questionnaires (1994, 1997, 2001) asked about specified abnormalities of the urogenital tract. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated by Cox regression with constant time at risk and control for year of …

Weathering The Storm: Climate Change, Vulnerability, And Adaptation In Bangladesh, Justin Guay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The world is guaranteed a certain level of climate change due to the emissions already released into the atmosphere. Therefore, adaptation to climate change is necessary. Increases in diarrheal disease and malnutrition due to climate change are analyzed for Bangladesh. Relative risks determined by the World Health Organization, estimates obtained from agricultural models, and migration estimates are utilized to determine the costs associated with each of these diseases, as well as reductions in rice production and increases in urban migration. It is found that climate change will create additional costs for treating each of these diseases that equal .05% of …

Rainwater Harvesting Pilot Project Report, Liam Mccarton, Sean O'Hogain, Anna Reid, Niamh Mcintyre, Jenny Pender

Reports

The rainwater harvesting pilot project was commissioned by the National Rural Water Monitoring Committee in 2005 to assess the feasibility of supplementing treated mains water used for non-potable purposes. The project involved the design, installation, commissioning and monitoring of rainwater harvesting facilities in a rural housing development in County Carlow and in a 250-acre livestock farm in County Meath. Construction was carried out between 2005-2007.

Public Health Systems And Services Research: Dataset Development, Dissemination, And Use, F. Douglas Scutchfield, Nikki Lawhorn, Rick Ingram, Debra Joy Pérez, Rick Brewer, Michelyn Bhandari

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Public health systems and services research (PHSSR) is defined as "a field of study that examines the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services within communities and the impact of those services." PHSSR is a relatively young field and suffers from a paucity of research resources. In this article, we describe the development and utility of a data resource, housed on the Health Services and Sciences Research Resources website maintained by the National Library of Medicine, which provides easy access to instruments, indices, and datasets that are relevant to PHSSR researchers. We also investigate efforts to promote the use …

Predictors Of Hpv Knowledge And Awareness In Rural America, Melanee Dulfon

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Prior research has shown that overall awareness of HPV is low among women in America. Yet limited research exists as to the awareness of HPV among rural U.S. women. The goal of this study was to determine the factors that predict women's knowledge and awareness of HPV in rural America. Secondary data was utilized from the National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of 2005. The sample consisted of 788 adult women over the age of 18 from rural areas of the U.S. Results indicated younger age, increased education, receipt of a Pap exam in over three years, …

An Evaluation Of Plastic Toys For Lead Contamination In Day Care Centers In The Las Vegas Valley, Joseph Alan Greenway

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The harmful effect of childhood exposure to environmental lead continues to be a major health concern. This study examined lead contamination within the plastic of children's toys. It was also hypothesized that the use of lead as a stabilizer would result in higher incidents of elevated lead (> 600 ppm) in polyvinyl chloride plastics (PVC) than non-PVC plastics. It was also hypothesized that, due to the use lead chromate, yellow toys would have higher incidents of elevated lead (> 600 ppm) than toys of other colors. Toy samples were limited to those found in day care centers in Las Vegas, …

Evaluation Of X-Ray Fluorescence (Xrf) Lead Detection Method For Candy, Ashley Marie Phipps

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The harmful effects of childhood exposure to environmental lead continue to be a major health concern. Due to the significance of this hazard, a Healthy People 2010 objective was set to reduce all young children's blood lead levels to less than 10 micrograms per deciliter. Identification and removal of lead-contaminated candies is an integral part of the primary prevention of lead poisoning in children.

This research examined the efficacy of a protocol to use a portable XRF to screen candies for lead contamination. Method Detection Limits (MDLs) of 5.45 ppm and 7.05 ppm were determined in the Bulk Sample and …

The Effect Of Concurrent Cell Phone Use And Walking On Gait Characteristics, Jennifer Marie Aldridge

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined the effects that cell phone use has on gait and situation awareness. Subjects (n=18; 24.67±3.60 yrs) completed three five-minute treadmill walking conditions (self-selected speed): (1) CONTROL (walking only), (2) TALK (walking and talking), and (3) TEXT (walking and texting). The number of detected lights presented in the visual field was recorded, as were kinematic data of the feet. Using a one-way repeated measure ANOVA it was determined light detection (F _(2,17) =39.777, p<0.001) and TC_min (F_(2,17) =8.574, p=0.001) were different between conditions. Specifically, light detection decreased during TEXT (2.6±2.2 lights) versus TALK (5.8±0.05 lights, p<0.001) or CONTROL (5.9±0.05 lights, p<0.001); TC_min decreased …

Mercury Concentrations In Muscle Tissue From Sportfish In Lake Mead, Nevada, Joanna L. Kramer

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Lake Mead is the largest reservoir by volume in the United States and provides fishing opportunities for numerous anglers. Considerable attention has been given to the bioaccumulation of methylmercury in fish tissues, however, no formal study utilizing approved USEPA methodology has been conducted to quantify the amount of mercury present in fish tissue from Lake Mead. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of mercury present in the most commonly consumed fish from Lake Mead and to identify if any of the 4 major basins contain fish with elevated concentrations of mercury. Largemouth bass (n=49), striped bass …

Kinerja Sanitarian Puskesmas, Ardinal Ardinal

Kesmas

Program penyehatan air bersih dilaksanakan untuk pemenuhan akses masyarakat terhadap air bersih yang mencakup aspek jumlah dan kualitas. Untuk itu, perlu kerja keras pemegang program penyehatan air, khususnya sanitarian puskesmas yang merupakan ujung tombak pelaksanaan program di puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran kinerja petugas sanitasi Puskesmas dan faktor-faktor yang berperan di Kabupaten Solok Tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, Diskusi Kelompok Terarah dan observasi, dengan informan sanitarian puskesmas dilanjutkan triangulasi sumber dengan Kepala Puskesmas dan Kepala Bidang PL & PKM Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Solok. Kinerja sanitarian puskesmas dalam pelaksanaan program penyehatan air bersih yang rendah …

Partisipasi Masyarakat Menanggulangi Lingkungan Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makasar, Sri Syatriani, Esse Puji, Andi Susilowati

Kesmas

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) menjadi wabah nasional pada tahun 2006, termasuk Makassar dan beberapa kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan. Jumlah kasus DBD di kecamatan Rappocini tahun 2006 adalah 160 kasus tanpa kematian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai bentuk partisipasi masyarakat untuk menciptakan lingkungan sehat dalam upaya penanggulangan DBD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kecamatan Rappocini yang merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel adalah kepala keluarga yang ada di Kelurahan Bonto Makkio dan Kelurahan Gunung Sari sebesar 300 KK. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dari setiap variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat terhadap upaya …

La Calidad Del Agua Potable En Arica, Con Respecto A La Salud, Emily Lubell

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Water is essential to sustain life, and the availability of safe drinking water is a concern throughout the world. This study examines the potential negative health effects related to drinking the potable water in Arica, Chile. It also looks at who has access to purified water. This study was implemented over a span of four weeks in which information was collected from different local resources including, the potable water distributor, private water vendors, professors, and public health service workers. In comparison with 2001, 2009 levels of boron, total hardness and total dissolved solids are higher in concentration. In both 2001 …

Closing The Food Gap In Adams County: A Proposal For Comprehensive Solutions Through Community Action, Vickie Corbett, Rayna Cooper, Kim Davidson, Kathy Gaskin, Kathy Glahn, Aimee S. George, Audrey Hess, Gretchen Natter, Christine Nemetz, Megan Shreve, Sara W. Tower

Center for Public Service Research

Today, in Adams County, we have two food systems. The 20% who live in poverty survive on food stamps, the food pantry, church donations, and trips to discount food vendors. Those with more financial stability could choose from an abundance of healthy, sustainably produced, local and international foods. We have come to accept these two food systems as the norm without critically analyzing how it is affecting individuals and the health of our communities.

In addition to reducing the disparity and closing the food gap, this initiative is focused on building our local economy and educating our community about nutrition …

Manajemen Penyakit Berbasis Wilayah, Umar Fahmi Achmadi

Kesmas

Secara universal, kejadian penyakit merupakan inti permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang harus dicegah guna menampilkan wilayah yang sehat dan negara yang kuat. Kejadian penyakit merupakan fenomena yang bersandar pada basis wilayah yang mencakup ekosistem dalam dimensi ruang dan waktu Tulisan ini membahas kepentingan, makna, lokasi dan metoda manajemen penyakit berbasis wilayah. Asumsi dasar yang dianut adalah bahwa keberhasilan mengendalikan faktor risiko dan kejadian penyakit akan mampu meningkatkan dan memelihara kualitas kehidup masyarakat. Pembangunan kesehatan Wilayah dapat dilakukan dengan merujuk konsep MPBW dan rancangan SKK setiap wilayah pemerintahan otonom. Secara lebih terperinci, perlu disusun suatu pedoman MPBW kabupaten dan kota yang dapat …

Gambaran Spasial Diare Untuk Upaya Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini Kota Tangerang, Yunita Yunita

Kesmas

Kota Tangerang berkembang cepat dengan angka pertumbuhan (1,94%) dan tingkat urbanisasi yang tinggi serta angka kejadian diare setiap tahun yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerawanan diare berdasarkan faktor fasilitas air bersih yang tersedia, rumah tangga sehat dan berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), tempat umum dan pengelolaan makanan (TPUM) yang sehat, kepadatan penduduk, dan cakupan pelayanan kesehatan. Kerentanan diare dinyatakan dalam kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis spasial yang merupakan analisis berdasarkan wilayah kecamatan. Secara umum, status kerentanan diare pada wilayah kecamatan di Kota Tangerang yang berada pada kategori rendah adalah Kecamatan Tangerang …

The Not-So-Safe Drinking Water Act: Why We Must Regulate Hydraulic Fracturing At The Federal Level, Angela C. Cupas

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Dodge This: Do Environmental Chemicals Impact Your Health?, Gale B. Carey

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

Reasons For Urban Trail Use Predict Levels Of Trail-Related Physical Activity, Genevieve Dunton, Donna Spruijt-Metz, Jennifer Wolch, Chih-Ping Chou, Michael Jerrett, Jason Byrne, Susan Weaver, Kim D. Reynolds

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Background:

Efforts to increase community levels of physical activity through the development of multiuse urban trails could be strengthened by information about factors predicting trail use. This study examined whether reasons for trail use predict levels of physical activity on urban trails.

Methods:

Adults (N = 335) living within a 1-mile buffer zone of urban trails in Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles completed a self-report measure assessing demographics, reason for trail use, and physical activity on the trail. Accelerometers measured total daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Environmental features of the urban trail were assessed with the Systematic Pedestrian and Cyclist …

Induction Of Endogenous Γ-Globin Gene Expression With Decoy Oligonucleotide Targeting Oct-1 Transcription Factor Consensus Sequence, Xiaoxin S. Xu, Xin Hong, Gan Wang

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Human β-globin disorders are relatively common genetic diseases cause by mutations in the β-globin gene. Increasing the expression of the γ-globin gene has great benefits in reducing complications associated with these diseases. The Oct-1 transcription factor is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the γ-globin gene. The human γ-globin genes (both Aγ and Gγ-globin genes) carry three Oct-1 transcription factor consensus sequences within their promoter regions. We have studied the possibility of inducing γ-globin gene expression using decoy oligonucleotides that target the Oct-1 transcription factor consensus sequence. A double-stranded 22 bp decoy oligonucleotide containing the Oct-1 consensus sequence was …

A Look At Customer Attitudes, Influences Of Subjective Norms, And Behavioral Intention Regarding Second Hand Smoke And Smoking In Public, Tanya Marie Dubay

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study is an assessment of customer’s attitudes, influences of subjective norms, and behavioral intention regarding exposure to secondhand smoke and smoke free policy at a small family owned and operated restaurant. Research questions address relationships between customer attitudes and smoke free policy as well as likelihood of customers supporting a smoke free policy in an establishment where there is currently no law that prohibits smoking. Methodology included a voluntary self administered survey questionnaire given to a convenience sample of patrons who were dining out. The results show; (a) a significant relationship between attitude about second hand smoke and choosing …

When Every Drop Counts: The Public Health Impact Of Drought, Steven Konkel

Environmental Health Planning and Policy

No abstract provided.

Children's Exposure To Lead And Nickel In Esperance - A Case Study, Matthew Tristan Winters

Theses : Honours

This is a cross-sectional study of lead and nickel exposure of children aged 2-12 years living at varying distances from a point source of pollution in Esperance. Esperance was an ideal case study location because of previous environmental contamination with lead and nickel above background levels. Non-invasive biological samples of hair, toenails and urine were collected from participating children, and environmental samples, including house dust, soil and drinking water were also sampled from each participant household. Exposure was assessed by measuring the concentration of metals found in the biological samples, and determining their relationships with the environmental samples from each …

Animal Helminths In Human Archaeological Remains: A Review Of Zoonoses In The Past, Luciana Sianto, Marcia Chame, Cassius S. P. Silva, Marcelo L. C. Gonçalves, Karl Reinhard, Martín Horacio Fugassa, Adauto Araújo

Karl Reinhard Publications

The authors present a review of records of intestinal parasitic helminths from animals in human archaeological remains, reported since the emergence of paleopathological studies. The objective was to relate paleoparasitological findings to geographic, biotic, and abiotic factors from the environment in which the prehistoric populations lived, and understand some aspects related to the process of human dispersion and biological and cultural evolution. Modification of eating habits and the incorporation of new cultural practices are analyzed from the perspective of zoonoses from prehistory to the present day, especially in Brazilian indigenous populations. Three tables identifying the helminths, their natural hosts, dates, …