Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Nepal's Response To Contain Covid-19 Infection, Rano Mal Piryani, Suneel Piryani, Jay Narayan Shah

Community Health Sciences

Nepal is a landlocked country bordering two most populous countries, India and China. Nepal shares open border with India from three sides, east, south and west. And, in north with China, where the novel coronavirus infection (CVOVID-19) began in late December 2019. The first confirmed imported case in Nepal was reported in 2nd week of January 2020. The initial response of Nepal to COVID-19 were comparably slow but country geared efforts after it was declared a 'global pandemic' by WHO on 11 March, 2020. Government of Nepal's steps from 18 March, 2020 led to partial lock down and countrywide lockdown …

Mobile Consulting (Mconsulting) And Its Potential For Providing Access To Quality Healthcare For Populations Living In Low-Resource Settings Of Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Frances Griffiths, Jocelyn Anstey Watkins, Caroline Huxley, Bronwyn Harris, Jonathan Cave, Senga Pemba, Beatrice Chipwaza, Romaina Iqbal, Saleem Sayani, Komal Tabani

Community Health Sciences

Objective: The poorest populations of the world lack access to quality healthcare. We defined the key components of consulting via mobile technology (mConsulting), explored whether mConsulting can fill gaps in access to quality healthcare for poor and spatially marginalised populations (specifically rural and slum populations) of low- and middle-income countries, and considered the implications of its take-up.
Methods: We utilised realist methodology. First, we undertook a scoping review of mobile health literature and searched for examples of mConsulting. Second, we formed our programme theories and identified potential benefits and hazards for deployment of mConsulting for poor and spatially marginalised populations. …

Lifestyle Changes And Glycemic Control In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Trial Protocol With Factorial Design Approach, Sobia Sawani, Amna Siddiqui, Syed Iqbal Azam, Khadija N Humayun, Asma Ahmed, Aysha Habib, Sabahat Naz, Mayera Tufail, Romaina Iqbal

Community Health Sciences

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing globally over the past three decades. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a challenge in both developed as well as developing countries. Self-management guidelines include maintaining logbooks for blood glucose, physical activity, and dietary intake that affect glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a multitude of life-threatening acute complications. Innovative, cost-effective interventions along with beneficial lifestyle modifications can improve home-based self-monitoring of blood glucose in T1D patients. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between maintaining log books for blood glucose levels, reinforcement by e-messages, and/or daily step count and changes …

The Population Health Outcomes And Information Exchange (Phoenix) Program - A Transformative Approach To Reduce The Burden Of Chronic Disease, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Carla Bezold, Jason T. Carbone, Shooshan Danagoulian, Bethany Foster, Dawn Misra, Maher M. El-Masri, Dongxiao Zhu, Robert Welch, Lauren Meloche, Alex B. Hill, Phillip Levy

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This concept article introduces a transformative vision to reduce the population burden of chronic disease by focusing on data integration, analytics, implementation and community engagement. Known as PHOENIX (The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information EXchange), the approach leverages a state level health information exchange and multiple other resources to facilitate the integration of clinical and social determinants of health data with a goal of achieving true population health monitoring and management. After reviewing historical context, we describe how multilevel and multimodal data can be used to facilitate core public health services, before discussing the controversies and challenges that lie ahead.

Community Cooking Course To Combat Nutritional Knowledge Deficit, Heather R. Bohman

MSN Capstone Projects

More than two-thirds of American adults and almost one-third of American children are overweight or obese. Not only are the statistics alarming, the cost of obesity is staggering. Obesity robs an individual of their quality of life and costs the U.S. healthcare system an estimated $147 billion a year in obesity-related illness (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen, & Dietz, 2009). The need to find solutions to improve the health of Americans is clear and communities are called to respond. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2018) recommends partnership with local agencies to promote obesity prevention initiatives and create a healthier …

A Comparative Policy Analysis Of The United Kingdom And India Regarding The Reuse Of Medical Devices., Shamaa Vora

Galileo-W Conference

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Outcomes Of Neuropace Rns Vs Surgery Among Patients With Epilepsy In Eloquent Foci, Erica Hartmann

Galileo-W Conference

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The Effect Of Peer Mentoring On Certified Peer Specialists’ Own Recovery: A Health Belief Model Approach., Eli Feathers

Galileo-W Conference

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Hospital Characteristics And Hospital Acquired Infections In The United States, Cassidy Prewitt

Galileo-W Conference

Cassidy Prewitt's Oral Presentation given at the 2020 APHA Annual Meeting

"APHA's Annual Meeting and Expo is the largest and most influential annual gathering of public health professionals."

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Associations Between Delivery Location With Early Breastfeeding Initiation And Support In Three West African Countries, A-Mac Harris

Galileo-W Conference

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Comparisons Of Maryland County Green Space To Responses About Depression And Physical Activity On The 2016 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Erin Kenny

Galileo-W Conference

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Impact Of Cognitive Distraction On Six-Minute Walk Test And Gait Mechanics In A Patient With Functional Movement Disorder: A Case Report., Erin Kenny

Galileo-W Conference

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Say What You Mean To Say: Unpacking The Complexities Of Communication Between Patients And Their Providers, Kate Timony

Galileo-W Conference

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Skin Cancer And Uv Exposure-Related Behaviors Among Appalachian And Non-Appalachian Adults, Minal Patel, Katrina Serrano, Elise Rice, Chan Thai, Kelly Blake, Robin C. Vanderpool

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Appalachian communities experience elevated rates of cancer incidence and mortality relative to other regions in the U.S. Specifically, melanoma mortality rates are higher in Appalachia compared to the national average, despite comparable incidence rates.

Purpose: To examine differences in self-reported history of skin cancer and prevalence of two UV exposure behaviors between Appalachian and non-Appalachian adults in a nationally representative sample.

Methods: Data are from four cross-sectional cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey (2011–2014) (N=14,451). We examined sunscreen use and tanning bed use, and self-reported history of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Descriptive and weighted …

Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On Referral To Care For People Living With Hiv In Appalachia, Cameron A. Wade, Timothy N. Crawford, Nicole Leedy, Alice C. Thornton

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted on March 23, 2010 significantly impacted access to healthcare for people living with HIV (PLWH). Expansion of care was accomplished in three areas: eliminating exclusions for pre-existing conditions, elimination of lifetime caps on healthcare expenditures, and expansion of Medicaid eligibility.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of state implementation of the ACA Medicaid expansion on referral to HIV care at a Ryan White federally funded clinic in Kentucky (University of Kentucky Bluegrass Care Clinic [UK BCC]).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all newly enrolled patients at the UK BCC between March 2010 and …

A Nutritional And Environmental Analysis Of Local Food Pantries Accessible To College Students In Rural North Carolina, Emily E. Frymark, Jonathon Stickford, Alisha Farris

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Food insecurity is a growing concern among college students and is especially prevalent in rural areas. Food pantries often serve as a resource to food insecure individuals yet, their policies, standards, and nutritional quality vary due to the unpredictability of food donations.

Purpose: To examine the nutritional quality of food items and adherence of best practices at local food pantries accessible to college students near a university in rural Appalachia.

Methods: Three food pantries in North Carolina were selected due to their proximity to a local, rural university. Food items were analyzed for nutrient and food …

Wildfire Smoke Worsens Coronavirus Risk, Putting Firefighters In Extra Danger, Luke Montrose

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

As summer approaches, two forces of nature are on a collision course, and wildland firefighters will be caught in the middle.

New research suggests that the smoke firefighters breathe on the front lines of wildfires is putting them at greater risk from the new coronavirus, with potentially lethal effects.

At the same time, firefighting conditions make precautions such as social distancing and hand-washing difficult, increasing the chance that, once the virus enters a fire camp, it could quickly spread.

As an environmental toxicologist, I have spent the last decade expanding our understanding of how wood smoke exposure impacts human health. …

Socio-Ecological Nature Of Drowning In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Review To Inform Health Promotion Approaches, Muthia Cenderadewi, Richard Charles Franklin, Susan Devine

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Most deaths by drowning (91%) have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Southeast Asia (35%) and Africa (20%), in proportion to total drowning deaths worldwide. Poor data collection in LMICs hinders the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to review the rates and risk factors of unintentional drowning in LMICs and to identify drowning prevention strategies within a socio-ecological health promotion framework. A systematic search, guided by PRISMA, was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Informit health, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, SafetyLit, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central databases for all relevant studies …

School-Based Interventions To Promote Personal And Environmental Hygiene Practices Among Children In Pakistan: Protocol For A Mixed Methods Study, Nousheen Pradhan, Waliyah Mughis, Tazeen S. Ali, Maleeha Naseem, Rozina Karmaliani Professor

Community Health Sciences

Background: Poor personal hygiene and inadequate sanitation practices among young children leads to communicable diseases. There remains a gap in the holistic assessment of school children's hygiene literacy, practices and effectiveness of school-based hygiene interventions in Pakistan. Therefore, a school-based intervention protocol has been designed to promote personal and environmental hygiene practices for primary school children. Towards improving children's hygiene behaviors, the study will also focus on enhancing mothers' hygiene knowledge and practices.
Methods: Using quasi-experimental design with mixed methods data collection approaches, this study will be conducted in schools located in an urban squatter settlements in Pakistan. To assess …

Evaluation Of A Drowning Prevention Campaign In A Vietnamese American Community, Linda Quan Md, Elena Shephard Md, Elizabeth Bennett Ches, Mph

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

To address Washington State’s high pediatric fatal drowning rates in Asian children, especially Vietnamese, we conducted and evaluated a community water safety campaign for Vietnamese American families. Working with community groups, parks departments and public health, we disseminated three messages (learn to swim, swim with a lifeguard, and wear a life jacket) in Vietnamese media and at events, increased access to free/low cost swim lessons and availability of lifeguarded settings and life jackets in the community. Parents completed 168 pre- and 230 post-intervention self-administered, bilingual surveys. Significantly more post-intervention compared to pre-intervention respondents had heard water safety advice …

Copd Exacerbation Caused By Sars-Cov-2: A Case Report From The Louisville Covid-19 Surveillance Program, Forest W. Arnold, Kamran Mahmood, Angeline Prabhu, Darmaan Aden, Anupama Raghuram, Mark Burns, Leslie A. Beavin, Donghoon Chung, Kenneth E. Palmer, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A 53-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on home oxygen presented to the hospital with worsening shortness of breath plus cough. He was admitted to the intensive care unit for COPD exacerbation and respiratory failure. A routine evaluation was performed, including a nasopharyngeal swab for a respiratory viral panel, which was negative. His symptoms improved over 48 hours, after which time a surveillance test for SARS-CoV-2 returned as positive. After clinical improvement, he was discharged to home isolation.

How To Prevent Covid-19 In Nurses And Physicians In The Hospital Setting: Universal Test-And-Isolate For All Patients Admitted To Hospitals, Julio A. Ramirez, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold, Paul Schulz

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Normative Does Not Mean Inclusive: A Diverse Approach To Size In Public Health Training, Courtney Boggs, Melinda Rule

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Western cultures, like the United States, typically adhere to the medicalized model of weight and weight loss (Kasardo, 2018; Matacin & Simone, 2019). The medicalized model upholds a Weight Normative Approach which assumes that: weight and disease are positively and causally related, weight loss correlates to better health, bodyweight is controllable, and significant weight loss is possible and sustainable for the majority of people (Calogero, Tylka, Mensinger, Meadows, & Danielsdotir, 2018). This model stigmatizes fat people in order to promote health; it may also create socialized internal weight stigmas (Calogero et. al., 2018). Internalized weight stigma is associated with stagnate …

Democratic Governors Are Quicker In Responding To The Coronavirus Than Republicans, Luke Fowler, Jaclyn Kettler, Stephanie Witt

Public Policy and Administration Faculty Publications and Presentations

While the coronavirus pandemic is a national and international concern, state and local officials find themselves on the front lines of the public health battle.

Governors, in particular, have been in the spotlight in recent weeks. New York’s Andrew Cuomo has been praised by news outlets for his leadership at the epicenter of the U.S. outbreak, while others have been criticized for slow responses.

A clear partisan gap has emerged in how quickly governors have declared emergencies and issue stay-at-home orders. Democratic governors have issued orders three to four days sooner than Republican governors, on average.

Love In The Time Of Covid-19: Negligence In The Nicaraguan Response, Thais P. Salazer Mather, Benjamin Gallo Marin, Giancarlo Medina Perez, Briana Christophers, Marcelo L. Paiva, Rocío Oliva, Baraa A. Hijaz, Andrea M. Prado, Mateo C. Jarquín, Katelyn Moretti, Catalina González Marqués, Alejandro Murillo, Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler

History Faculty Articles and Research

"The response of the Nicaraguan government to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been perhaps the most erratic of any country in the world to date. Directly contradicting mitigation strategies recommended by WHO, President Daniel Ortega has refused to encourage any physical distancing measures. Vice President Rosario Murillo (Daniel Ortega's wife) instead called on thousands of sympathisers to congregate in street marches under the slogan 'love in the time of COVID-19'. By downplaying the danger of the pandemic and increasing the risk of community transmission in the second-poorest country in the western hemisphere, the Nicaraguan government is violating the …

Home-Based Learning Of A Covid-19 Work-From-Home Parent, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

After three months of managing a seven-year-old’s home-based learning, one parent discovered the secret of making it work: Cut your kid some slack

Circuit Breaker: Working From Home, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

How one company's early efforts to accomodate employees' work-life needs primed it for COVID-19-triggered work from home requirements

Hpv Knowledge, Attitudes, And Vaccination Among Hispanic/Latino College Students In The Usa, Itzel Corral Gonzalez, Wei-Chen Tung, Ho-Jui Tung, Wing Lam Tock

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated Human Papillomavirus-related knowledge and attitudes, vaccination practices, and explored associated factors among Hispanic/Latino college students in the United States of America. Using a self-administered survey, a descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in 2018 at colleges and universities in the United States of America. Our results indicate that Hispanic/Latino college students had a low level of HPV-related knowledge, a moderately positive attitude, and a moderate rate of HPV vaccination. Students who were in a health-related major, married/divorced, and had health insurance had greater knowledge and more positive attitudes towards HPV and its vaccines. This study is important …

Factors Associated With Tobacco Smoking Among Saudi College Students: A Systematic Review, Saad A. Alotaibi, Praveen Durgampudi

College of Health Sciences Posters

Introduction: There has been an increase in tobacco smoking among Saudi college students in recent years. However, no study has examined, with a systematic approach, the extent to which specific factors are associated with tobacco smoking among this population.

Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Web of Science were utilized to retrieve studies addressing risk factors associated with tobacco smoking among Saudi college students between 2010 and 2019. After confirming their eligibility criteria, studies were imported to the NVivo software for data collection and synthesis. All included articles were critically appraised, based on a modified STROBE.

Results: Twenty-one out of 300 …

Liposomal Bupivacaine Results In Cost Savings While Managing Post-Operative Pain In Fragility Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures, Nainisha Chintalapudi, Avinesh Agarwalla Md, Joana Lu Pa, Hrayr G. Basmajian Md, Joseph N. Liu Md, Nirav H. Amin Md

Annual SHSP Student Research and Scholarship Day

No abstract provided.