Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Fy 2015 Community Benefit Summary, Children's Mercy Hospital

Community Benefits

Fiscal year report on the community benefits provided by Children's Mercy Kansas City to the communities in the Kansas City region.

Quit4baby: Results From A Pilot Test Of A Mobile Smoking Cessation Program For Pregnant Women, Lorien C. Abroms, Judy M. Van Alstyne, Christina L. Heminger, Leah E. Leavitt, Jennifer M. Schindler-Ruwisch

GW Research Days 2015

Background: Text messaging programs have been shown to be effective in helping adult smokers quit smoking. This study describes the results of a pilot test of Quit4baby, a smoking cessation text messaging program for pregnant smokers that was adapted from Text2quit.

Objective: The study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of Quit4baby for women currently enrolled in Text4baby, a perinatal health text messaging program.

Methods: Pregnant women enrolled in Text4baby and who were current smokers or had quit within the last 4 weeks (N=20) were enrolled in Quit4baby. Those under age 18, not pregnant, not current smokers, …

Tracking Global Fund Hiv/Aids Resources Used For Sexual And Reproductive Health Service Integration: Case Study From Ethiopia, Sangeeta Mookherji, Samantha Ski, Dale Huntington

Global Health Faculty Publications

Objective/Background

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria (GF) strives for high value for money, encouraging countries to integrate synergistic services and systems strengthening to maximize investments. The GF needs to show how, and how much, its grants support more than just HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria.

Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) has been part of HIV/AIDS grants since 2007. Previous studies showed the GF PBF system does not allow resource tracking for SRH integration within HIV/AIDS grants. We present findings from a resource tracking case study using primary data collected at country level.

Methods

Ethiopia was the study …

Dose-Response Effects Of The Text4baby Mobile Health Program: Randomized Controlled Trial, William Douglas Evans, Peter E. Nielsen, Daniel R. Szekely, Jasmine W. Bihm, Elizabeth A. Murray, Jeremy Snider, Lorien C. Abroms

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Mobile health (mHealth) is growing rapidly, but more studies are needed on how to optimize programs, including optimal timing of messaging, dose of exposure, and value of interactive features. This study evaluates final outcomes of text4baby (a text message service for pregnant and postpartum women) from a randomized trial performed in a population of pregnant female soldiers and family members.

OBJECTIVE:

The study aims were to evaluate (1) treatment effects and (2) dose-response effects of text4baby on behavioral outcomes compared to control (no text4baby) condition.

METHODS:

The study was a randomized trial of text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. …

Cost Effectiveness Of A Mail-Delivered Individually Tailored Physical Activity Intervention For Latinas Vs. A Mailed Contact Control, Britta Larsen, Todd Gilmer, Dori Pekmezi, Melissa A. Napolitano, Bess H. Marcus

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Physical inactivity is high in Latinas, as are chronic health conditions. There is a need for physical activity (PA) interventions that are not only effective but have potential for cost-effective widespread dissemination. The purpose of this paper was to assess the costs and cost effectiveness of a Spanish-language print-based mail-delivered PA intervention that was linguistically and culturally adapted for Latinas.

Methods

Adult Latinas (N = 266) were randomly assigned to receive mail-delivered individually tailored intervention materials or wellness information mailed on the same schedule (control). PA was assessed at baseline, six months (post-intervention) and 12 months (maintenance phase) …

Interpersonal Communication As An Agent Of Normative Influence: A Mixed Method Study Among The Urban Poor In India, Rajiv N. Rimal, Pooja Sripad, Ilene S. Speizer, Lisa M. Calhoun

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Although social norms are thought to play an important role in couples’ reproductive decisions, only limited theoretical or empirical guidance exists on how the underlying process works. Using the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB), through a mixed-method design, we investigated the role played by injunctive norms and interpersonal discussion in the relationship between descriptive norms and use of modern contraceptive methods among the urban poor in India.

Methods

Data from a household survey (N = 11,811) were used to test the underlying theoretical propositions, and focus group interviews among men and women were then conducted to obtain …

Assessing Seasonality Of Travel Distance To Harm Reduction Service Providers Among Persons Who Inject Drugs., Sean T. Allen, Monica S. Ruiz, Amira Roess, Jeff Jones

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Prior research has examined access to syringe exchange program (SEP) services among persons who inject drugs (PWID), but no research has been conducted to evaluate variations in SEP access based on season. This is an important gap in the literature given that seasonal weather patterns and inclement weather may affect SEP service utilization. The purpose of this research is to examine differences in access to SEPs by season among PWID in the District of Columbia (DC).

FINDINGS: A geometric point distance estimation technique was applied to records from a DC SEP that operated from 1996 to 2011. We calculated …

Changes In Malaria Prevention And Incidence Due To Political Restructuring Of Mozambique And South Africa, Nirmala K. Shivakumar

UROP Posters

The UN’s current Millennium Development Goal puts pressure on many countries to decrease malaria incidence by 2015, including Mozambique and South Africa. While Mozambique and South Africa have continually worked to decrease malaria incidence for the last five decades, neither country can claim elimination of disease by UN standards. This study analyzes the changes in political structure and the simultaneous changes in the malaria prevention programs of Mozambique and South Africa after the end of their respective civil wars in 1992 and 1994. This study analyzed public health, historical, and social science journal articles. This study examined political power distribution, …

The Metabolism Of Alcohol: Risk And Protective Factors, Sydney E. Levan, Amy Adkins, Danielle Dick, Karen G. Chartier

UROP Posters

Purpose: Abstract for poster submission to VCU Poster Symposium for

Undergraduate Research and Creativity

Title: The Metabolism of Alcohol: Risk and Protective Factors

Background: In 2002, it was reported by the National Institutes of Health that

60.3% of college aged students (18-22) drank alcohol in the past month of being

asked, as compared to 51.9% of those not in college. They also found that 20% of

college students met the criteria for at least one alcohol use disorder (AUDs)1.

Many genes have been linked to an increased risk for AUDs and how individuals

with various ethnic backgrounds respond to alcohol. …

Introducing Antiretroviral (Arv)-Based Prevention Products For Women: A Guide To Strategic Decisionmaking And Planning, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

As evidence mounts that antiretrovirals (ARVs) are effective for HIV prevention, policymakers and program managers will need to determine whether and how best to introduce specific products into health care systems. Determining the most appropriate users within a particular country will depend on the overall context, the nature of the HIV epidemic within the country, and the opportunities available to reach and serve HIV-negative women with ARV-based prevention products and services. This toolkit was developed by the Population Council for use by governments, organizations, and donors who are in a position to support or add new HIV-prevention products into programs. …

Burundi Program Implementation Workshop, 3–5 June 2014: Link Up Meeting Report, Population Council, Alliance Burundaise Contre Le Sida

HIV and AIDS

Link Up is a global consortium of international and local nongovernmental organizations led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance. Link Up aimed to improve the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people in Bangladesh, Burundi, Ethiopia, Myanmar, and Uganda who are living with HIV or are affected by the HIV pandemic. At a workshop held in Burundi, 3–5 June 2014, the Population Council, Alliance Burundaise contre le SIDA, and local partners in Burundi identified successful activities, highlighted important challenges and best practices, and found innovative ways to improve Link Up programming. This document contains a selection of the most …

The Role Of Occupational Therapy In Primary Care, Priti Patel

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

The Capstone Project is focused on communicating, influencing and educating other health care professionals regarding the role of occupational therapy in the future model of primary care delivery initiated by the adoption of the Affordable Care Act and the Triple Aim Initiative. Currently, primary care, the largest health care platform in United States, is not inclusive of occupational therapy services. Occupational therapists have the scope, knowledge and understanding to be part of the redesigned team model of primary care. Educating those currently working in primary care about adding occupational therapy services can have a significant impact on the profession of …

Adhd Versus Ptsd In Preschool-Aged Children: Implications For Misdiagnosis, Klaudette D. Stewart

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been one of the most diagnosed disorders in children since it was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders−III (DSM−III) in 1980. The number of children who have been diagnosed since that time has grown significantly, raising concerns about the overwhelming number of young children being diagnosed and prescribed medication. According to the literature, young children are diagnosed at a higher rate by pediatric primary care physicians (PCPs) than clinical child psychologists (CCPs) because they are taken to a PCP’s office by a parent, rather than referred from a school environment, …

Physical Activity And African American Women At High Risk For Coronary Heart Disease: A Worksite Wellness Program Perspective, John Cenarosa Paguntalan

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Physical activity (PA) is a major indicator of health and a strong predictor of risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). The high mortality and morbidity from CHD is associated with high prevalence of risk factors including sedentary lifestyle. As one of the most sedentary among ethnic groups, African American (AA) women are at high risk for CHD and interventions to improve health outcomes need to be identified. A crucial gap exists in understanding the impact of PA as it pertains to the experience of AA women in identifying the most effective interventions to address specific needs of this high-risk population. …

Motivational Interviewing Targeting Risky Sex In Hiv-Positive Young Thai Men Who Have Sex With Men, Chokechai Rongkavilit, Bo Wang, Sylvie Naar-King, Torsak Bunupuradah, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Apirudee Panthong, Juline Koken, Pichai Saengcharnchai, Praphan Phanuphak

Publications and Research

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to reduce sexual risks among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HMSM) in the US. We conducted a randomized trial of Healthy Choices, a 4-session MI intervention, targeting sexual risks among 110 HIV-positive youth ages 16–25 years in Thailand. Risk assessments were conducted at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post-intervention. This report presents the analysis of 74 HMSM in the study. There were 37 HMSM in the Intervention group and 37 in the control group. The proportions of participants having anal sex and having sex with either HIV-uninfected or unknown partners in …

Patterns Of Client Behavior With Their Most Recent Male Escort: An Application Of Latent Class Analysis, Christian Grov, Tyrel J. Starks, Margaret Wolff, Michael D. Smith, Juline Koken, Jeffrey T. Parsons

Publications and Research

Research examining interactions between male escorts and clients has relied heavily on data from escorts, men working on the street, and behavioral data aggregated over time. In the current study, 495 clients of male escorts answered questions about sexual behavior with their last hire. Latent class analysis identified four client sets based on these variables. The largest (n = 200, 40.4 %, labeled Typical Escort Encounter) included men endorsing behavior prior research found typical of paid encounters (e.g., oral sex and kissing). The second largest class (n = 157, 31.7 %, Typical Escort Encounter + Erotic Touching) included men reporting …

Use Of A Novel Imaging Technology For Remote Autism Diagnosis: A Reflection On Experience Of Stakeholders, Uwe Reischl

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Timely diagnosis and early interventions are critical to improving the long term functioning of a child with ASD. However, a major challenge facing parents is difficulty in obtaining on-time access to appropriate diagnostic services. To address this need, an imaging technology, NODA® (Naturalistic Observation Diagnostic Assessment), has been successfully developed and field-tested. NODA® includes 1) NODA SmartCapture; a smart-phone based recording system for parents to capture and share inhome video evidence of their child behavior and 2) NODA Connect; a HIPPA compliant web-platform for diagnosticians to conduct remote autism diagnostic assessments based on in-home video evidence of behavior, developmental history …

Oral Health And The Elderly Talking Points, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Kidquest Childhood Obesity Prevention Program: Analysis Of Its Influence On Health Of Rural South Dakota 5th And 6th Grade Children, Nayef Bumaryoum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a growing problem throughout the developed world. This project will focus on obesity in rural children by studying those living in an area of South Dakota. Research shows high levels of overweight and obese children in this demographic. The two major objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy of the KidQuest (KQ) nutrition and physical activity curriculum in reducing the proportion of children and adolescents who are overweight and obese within participating South Dakota 5th and 6th grade children using baseline/post-intervention data and to determine which KQ teacher type is most effective as evaluated by anthropometric, …

Photovoice: Engaging School Communities In Wellness Efforts, Hilary J. Overby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Currently there are no interactive tools that allow school communities to assess their school wellness needs and foster interest in wellness efforts. PhotoVoice is a participatory action research methodology commonly used in public health that utilizes photography to document and showcase community strengths and weaknesses in order to promote change. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gather perceptions of a school community after using PhotoVoice to document school wellness efforts 1. Participants: High school students (n=103) and school community members (i.e., residents of community, school faculty) (n=188) were recruited across three school districts. Methods: High school students …

Caribbean Heat Threatens Health, Well-Being, And The Future Of Humanity, Cheryl C. Macpherson, Muge Akpinar-Elci

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Climate change has substantial impacts on public health and safety, disease risks and the provision of health care, with the poor being particularly disadvantaged. Management of the associated health risks and changing health service requirements requires adequate responses at local levels. Health-care providers are central to these responses. While climate change raises ethical questions about its causes, impacts and social justice, medicine and bioethics typically focus on individual patients and research participants rather than these broader issues. We broaden this focus by examining awareness among health-care providers in the Caribbean region, where geographic and socioeconomic features pose particular vulnerabilities to …

Evaluation Of An Assertive Continuing Care Program For Hispanic Adolescents, Eric Strunz, Joanna Jungerman, Juliet Kinyua, Paula M. Frew

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

PURPOSE: This study evaluated an Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) and Assertive Continuing Care (ACC) program targeting Hispanic adolescents at risk for substance abuse.

Researchers Hopkins, Mcbride, Randall Given Adventist Health Ministries Medal Of Distinction, Ansel Oliver

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Er Referral Models: Dental Intercept “Pay It Forward” Model — Calhoun County, Michigan, American Dental Association, Samanta Pearl

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Sexual Behaviors And Biomarkers: Baseline Findings, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program (AGEP) is a program for girls ages 10–19 in rural and urban Zambia that aims to find the best ways to improve their social, health, and economic resources. More than 10,000 girls participated in weekly girls’ group meetings, received health vouchers, and opened savings accounts. More than 5,000 girls, unmarried at baseline, were enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial and followed over four years—two years in the program and two years after the program ended. This brief describes the characteristics of enrolled girls at baseline.

Should Educators Be ‘Wrapping School Playgrounds In Cotton Wool’ To Encourage Physical Activity? Exploring Primary And Secondary Students’ Voices From The School Playground, Brendon P. Hyndman, Amanda Telford

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Physical activity in school playgrounds has changed considerably over recent decades to reflect a climate of ‘surplus safety’. A growing culture of surplus safety can be attributed to a desire of parents and teachers responsible for children to protect school students from danger. The aim of this research was to examine students’ perceptions of playground safety influences on physical activity during school breaks from the perspectives of the ‘users’ of school playgrounds. Data collection consisted of seven focus groups (4 primary school & 3 secondary school) conducted across four schools (2 primary & 2 secondary). During this study, the focus …

Strategy For Improvement Of Maternal Health In Nepal, Gehendra Mahara, Xiuhua Gua, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Maternal death is a public health problem in like Nepal. Still women have been facing the pregnancy related problems due to inaccessible and poor quality health service as well as a less available health service from skilled health workers. This is due to lack of essential knowledge about pregnancy and its complications. The main aim of this article is to evaluate and synthesize the current public health issues of maternal health of women in Nepal. Syntheses the problems, challenges and issues regarding maternal health and what can be done for the improvement of those problems with the evidence base practice. …

Overview Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Status 2015, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The main purpose of the Overview is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health and current health status of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people. It has been prepared by Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet staff as part of our contribution to supporting those who work in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health sector. The Overview is a key element of the HealthInfoNet commitment to authentic and engaged knowledge development and exchange. The initial sections of this Overview provide information about the context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, population, and various measures …

Employees' Interests And Preferences Regarding Worksite Exercise Programs, Amber Butcher

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

In order to address the problem of an unhealthy workforce, employers often implement disease prevention and health promotion strategies, referred to as worksite wellness programs. The purpose of this study was to examine employees' interests and preferences regarding worksite exercise programs. To collect data, a 12 item survey was developed and administered to employees from a company based in Rochester, Minnesota. A total of 21 participants completed the survey (66.7% male, 28.6% female). The mean age was 51 years old. The findings of the study indicated an interest in worksite exercise programs and that incentives may motivate employees to participate …

La Paradoja Hispana Epidemiológica: Investigando Las Preconcepciones Y Generalizaciones, Maya H. Sandalow

CMC Senior Theses

En los Estados Unidos, los latinos suelen tener menos acceso a la educación, el trabajo, y el seguro médico en comparación con los blancos no-latinos, pero aun así el grupo parece superar ciertos obstáculos de la salud. Las estadísticas de la población latina muestran mayor longevidad y otras tasas favorables en comparación con los blancos no-latinos. Los expertos han titulado esta contradicción “La Paradoja Hispana Epidemiológica”.

Desafortunadamente, la investigación de la paradoja está llena de generalizaciones y presuposiciones erróneas sobre la población latina diversa. Esta tesis investiga los participantes que producen generalizaciones sobre la supuesta paradoja para mostrar que estas …