Clinical Epidemiology Commons^™

The Association Of Long Working Hours And The Use Of Prescription Sedatives Among U.S. Workers., Emmanuel Ezekekwu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Meeting the needs of a round-the-clock and globalized society has led to an increase in long working hours. This trend has been accompanied by a corresponding rise in sleep disorders and subsequent use of sedating medications. Overtime hours have been associated with adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases, symptoms of psychological distress, and health behaviors, including risky intake of alcohol and smoking. Hence, the main objectives of this three-paper dissertation were to examine the multi-faceted relationship between working hours, the use of prescription sleep aids, the onset of psychological distress, and the use of health care services. METHODS: …

Covid-19 Coagulopathies: Highlights Of 2020–2021 Reported Data, Shreya Anil Kumar, Anushka Pradhan, Abdelrahman Elsebaie, Karina Fainchtein, Abdelrahman Noureldin, Yousra Tera, Sajida Kazi, Maha Othman

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved dramatically over the past two years, and literature on COVID-19 coagulopathy has been overwhelming, which complicates the process of understanding the literature or assessing the quality of the data available. The objective of this narrative review was to highlight and analyze data reported on COVID-19-induced coagulopathy and its outcomes in patients with severe or critical disease over two years of the pandemic.

Methods: Studies published in high-impact journals reporting on hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients, their coagulation parameters, and their thrombotic complications were included. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Ovid between Dec 1, 2019 and …

Validation Of The Occupational Depression Inventory In Brazil: A Study Of 1,612 Civil Servants, Renzo Bianchi, Danísio Calixto Cavalcante, Cristina Queirós, Blezi Daiana Menezes Santos, Jay Verkuilen, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Objective: The Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI) assesses work-attributed depressive symptoms. The ODI has demonstrated robust psychometric and structural properties. To date, the instrument has been validated in English, French, and Spanish. This study examined the psychometric and structural properties of the ODI's Brazilian-Portuguese version.

Methods: The study involved 1612 civil servants employed in Brazil (MAGE = 44, SDAGE = 9; 60% female). The study was conducted online across all Brazilian states.

Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis indicated that the ODI meets the requirements for essential unidimensionality. The general factor accounted for 91% of the common variance extracted. …

The Top 50 Most Cited Articles On The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (Mpfl): A Bibliometric Analysis, Varag Abed, Alex Duvall, Jonathan D. Rexroth, Alyssa Goodwin, Joseph Liu, Austin Stone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To determine which original articles on the topic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been cited the most in the literature utilizing a bibliometric approach. Secondarily, to determine temporal trends between article types.

Methods: Articles on the topic of the MPFL were identified by utilizing the Web of Science Database. The search yielded 1,596 results and the top 50 cited original articles were collected for further analysis. The following information was gathered for all included articles: title, first author's name, journal name, year of publication, impact factor of the journal in 2021, total number of citations of the …

Childhood-Onset Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Exacerbates Opioid Use Disorder Consequences: Mediation By Impulsive Phenotypes, Liam R. Browning, Ciara Cannoy, Tabitha E. H. Moses, Leslie H. Lundahl Phd, David M. Ledgerwood Phd, Mark K. Greenwald Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent and associated with opioid use disorder (OUD). Yet, little is known about the mechanisms by which ADHD (which is a heterogeneous construct/diagnosis) might alter the trajectory of OUD outcomes.

Aim: This cross-sectional study examines relationships between childhood ADHD (inferred as predating substance use) and the extent to which the effects of ADHD on lifetime heroin-use consequences are mediated by foreshortened time perspective and drug-use impulsivity.

Methods: Individuals who report heroin use (N=214) were screened using the Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention (AHA), Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire (IRQ), Stanford Time Perception Inventory (STPI), …

Residential Racial Segregation And Neighborhood Adversity: Associations With Hemoglobin A1c In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Zechariah Jean, April Carcone, Deborah Ellis

Medical Student Research Symposium

Black adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for disparities in health outcomes. More research is necessary on the effects of neighborhood characteristics such as residential racial segregation (RRS) and neighborhood adversity on health.

149 Black youth with T1D were recruited from seven pediatric diabetes clinics in Detroit and Chicago to participate in a clinical trial to improve diabetes management. RRS was calculated at the census block group level based on US census data using Location Quotients. LQs represented the ratio of patients to total population in the block group compared to the same ratio in the …

Effects Of Michigan Opioid Laws On Prescriber Practices In The Emergency Department, Lydia Ross, Gary Kanner, Claire Pearson

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Opiate analgesics (OA) are responsible for more overdose deaths than any other medication class. Michigan is among the states most greatly affected by the opioid epidemic, and in late 2017, the Michigan Opioid Laws were passed in efforts to decrease opioid associated addiction and overdose deaths. This set of laws provides regulation of OA prescriptions and to increase patient awareness of the associated risks of opioid use. These laws collectively require a physician to educate the patient on harms of opiates, provide substance abuse disorder services in the setting of an overdose, establish a relationship with the patient, obtain …

Effects Of Covid-19 On Various Socioeconomic Strata In Nyc, Steven Tung

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review: Rural Health Disparities During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United States, Brittney Harrell

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Serum Cotinine As A Predictor Of Lipid-Related Indices In Turkish Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinic-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Gustavo G. Zarini, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Avinash R. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Publications and Research

Background: Turkish immigrants form the largest ethnic minority group in the

Netherlands and show a higher prevalence of (i) cardiovascular disease (CVD),

(ii) cigarette smoking, and (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the native

Dutch. This study examines the association of CVD risk factors: serum cotinine, as

an indicator of cigarette smoke, and lipid-related indices among first-generation

(foreign-born) Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the

Netherlands.

Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years

and older, were recruited by convenience sampling from the Schilderswijk

neighbourhood of The Hague in a clinic-based …

Cross Cultural Adaptation And Validation Of A Self-Reporting Tool To Assess Health-Related Quality Of Life For Egyptians With Extremity Bone Sarcomas In Childhood Or Adolescence, Nesma Farid

Theses and Dissertations

Validated self-reporting tools are required to evaluate the functional outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for Egyptians who had extremity bone sarcomas in their childhood or adolescence. Thus, we pursued cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the pediatric Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (pTESS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) to assess the physical function of children and adult survivors following surgeries of extremity bone sarcomas. Modified versions of pTESS and TESS, which contain additional mental domains, were developed to allow the evaluation of HRQOL using a specific instrument for childhood bone cancer. The internal consistency of the original pTESS and …

Neighborhood Condition Prevalence Rates Correlate With Covid-19 Mortality In Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, George L. Morris Iii

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: We sought to determine if census tract-level (ie, neighborhood) COVID-19 death rates in Milwaukee County correlated with the census tract-level condition prevalence rates (CPRs) for individual COVID-19 mortality risk.

Methods: This study used Milwaukee County-reported COVID-19 death rates per 100,000 lives for the 296 census tracts within the county to perform a linear regression with individual COVID-19 mortality risk CPR, mean age, racial composition of census tract (by percentage of non-White residents), and poverty (by percentage within census tract), followed by multiple regression with all 7 CPRs as well as the 7 CPRs combined with the additional demographic variables. …

The Psychology Of Science Denialism And Lessons For Public Health Authorities, Brenna Moreno, Molly J. Walker Wilson

All Faculty Scholarship

As it wreaked tragedy on the world, the outbreak of COVID-19 helped expose a pandemic of a different kind, one steeped in distrust and contrarianism. This movement, termed science denialism, has been lurking and undermining public health efforts for decades. Specifically, it is “the employment of rhetorical arguments to give the appearance of legitimate debate where there is none, an approach that has the ultimate goal of rejecting a proposition on which a scientific consensus exists.” Unlike skepticism, which is “doubt as to the truth of something” and works to progress both science and society, denialism is characterized by individuals’ …

Parental Instincts: The Neurological And Biological Factors Associated With Parenthood, Jared Reeder

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The following project involves a systematic review of the scientific literature on neural and biological changes of mothers and fathers in parenthood. Until very recently, little scientific research was devoted to studying how bearing children affects a man or woman’s long-term biology. Over the last twenty years, studies of neuroplastic changes in new mothers show specific neural mechanisms responsible for altering the behaviors of mothers during and after pregnancy. These changes in neuroplasticity alter behavior in such a way that led to mothers requiring less sleep and being more prone to hearing the cries of their children. In addition to …

Physical Activity Promotion, Assessment, And Engagement In Clinical Settings In The United States, Kristin A. Grogg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Physical inactivity is an important contributor to morbidity and all-cause mortality and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended that physicians increase their role in physical activity assessment and promotion to combat physical inactivity and related comorbidities. Healthcare providers are increasingly called upon to initiate physical activity promotion with their patients to manage conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Still, recent reports indicate that less than half of primary care visits include some type of physical activity promotion. Although the National Physical Activity Plan includes some recommendations for clinicians and the healthcare sector on physical activity promotion, it …

Support Their Sleep: Enhancing Nurses' Knowledge And Implementation Of Non-Pharmacological Sleep Protocols To Improve Patient Rest, Recovery, And Reduce Cognitive Impairment., David C. Barry

Master's Theses and Capstones

Background: Sleep and rest play an influential role in promoting recovery and healing in humans. Hospitalized patients are at risk for altered sleep from hospitalization, illness, and stimulation from a hospital environment. Non-pharmacologic interventions preformed by nurses can help to improve sleep and sleep environment for patients.

Local problem: There was no protocol or available information regarding patient sleep promotion for nurses to references when caring for patients.

Methods: Nurses in the microsystem (n=8) were administered a pre/post questionnaire containing Likert scales and a short quiz containing knowledge-based questions. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses prior to and after …

The Effect Of An Educational Handout On Knowledge, Awareness And Attitudes Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Participants At A Needle And Syringe Exchange Site, Mckenzie Buckel

DNP Projects

Background: In 2018, the total number of HIV cases in the United States was 1.2 million. Almost 186,500 of these cases were attributed to intravenous drug use. With the adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) there is approximately a 49% decrease in the rates of HIV among people who inject drugs and the most significant barrier to PrEP among this population is a lack of awareness and knowledge.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine participants’ of a needle and syringe exchange site knowledge, awareness and attitudes of PrEP after reviewing an educational handout about PrEP.

Methods: A quasi …

Changes In Severity Of Diabetes At Diagnosis Following The Onset Of The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic, Annelise King

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic it was seen that diabetes was a risk factor for severe COVID-19. The objective of this study is to assess the severity of diabetes at diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic to see how the pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 infection impacted the severity of diabetes. This study used University of Kentucky electronic health records of 13,794 patients who developed diabetes. The majority of patients were female, white non-Hispanic, 65+, and living in an urban area. There were differences seen between the COVID-19 positive and negative cohorts in the DKA and HbA₁c variables, with …

Registry-Based Cohort Study Of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Prevalence, Incidence And Mortality In Denmark 2000-2018, John Acquavella, Emese Vágó, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Gregory P. Hess

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (dAATD) in Denmark as of 31 December 2018, and dAATD incidence and mortality from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used the Danish National Patient Registry to identify patients with dAATD based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code E88.0A and the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) for population counts and vital status. We estimated dAATD prevalence, incidence and mortality. We compared mortality among patients with dAATD and an age-matched and sex-matched cohort extracted from the Danish CRS. We conducted a …

Occupational Depression In Italy: Associations With Health, Economic, And Work-Life Characteristics, Renzo Bianchi, Caterina Fiorilli, Giacomo Angelini, Nicoletta Dozio, Carlo Palazzi, Gloria Palazzi, Benedetto Vitiello, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Background: The Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI) reflects a new approach to job-related distress centered on work-attributed depressive symptoms. The instrument was developed with reference to the characterization of major depression found in the DSM-5. The ODI has been validated in English, French, and Spanish. This study (a) investigated the psychometric and structural properties of the ODI’s Italian version and (b) inquired into the nomological network of occupational depression. Methods: A convenience sample of 963 employed individuals was recruited in Italy (69.9% female; mean age = 40.433). We notably relied on exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor analysis, common-practice …

Monkeypox: Facts For Faith Community Nurses, Melissa K. Travelsted

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

Faith community nurses provide services to diverse populations and should be aware of the recent monkeypox outbreak. The 2022 outbreak is dissimilar from previous as cases are occurring in non-endemic countries with no travel connections to endemic countries. Cases in the United States are mostly identified in the gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Symptoms of monkeypox begin with flu-like symptoms progressing to a sequential rash (macule, papule, vesicles, pustules, scabs). The distinguishing characteristic of monkeypox from other Orthopoxviruses is lymphadenopathy. There is no FDA approved treatment for monkeypox as most cases are mild and self-limiting, …

Alternative Precautionary Measures Yielding Lower C. Diff Infection Rates In Healthcare Facilities, Matthew Kramer

Symposium of Student Scholars

Background: An international healthcare concern is the persistent spread of Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive spore forming bacterium that is responsible for the most common hospital-acquired infection, amongst patients.

Objective: A systematic review was performed to summarize evidence that the interventions utilized in healthcare facilities which indicate a patient’s precautionary status are insufficient, outdated, and commonly lead to infection in neighboring patient rooms. Databases such as PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, and APHA’s Medical Care were searched, covering the period from 2017-2022. Studies were included if their focus concentrated on C. diff and the precautionary measures taken by employees at healthcare …

A Descriptive Analysis Of Patients With Attempted Suicide At A Rural Level I Trauma Center, Evelyn Coile, Tatiana Eversley-Kelso, Eric K. Shaw, Cynthia Ponir, Mickey M. Ott

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Objectives

For patients with self-harm, suicide attempt, or suicide completion, the trauma bay is often the single point of contact. Regional differences and patterns exist for suicide that should be studied to enhance preventive strategies. Our goal was to critically evaluate the suicidal population of Southeast Georgia over a 9-year period.

Methods

A retrospective review of our trauma database from January 2010 through December 2019 was conducted at a Level I Trauma Center. All ages were included. All patients arriving with attempted suicide or death due to a suicidal complication were included. Patients with deaths highly suspicious for suicide were …

Should Health Systems Share Genetic Findings With At-Risk Relatives When The Proband Is Deceased? Interviews With Individuals Diagnosed With Lynch Syndrome, Jessica Ezzell Hunter, Jennifer L. Schneider, Alison J. Firemark, James V. Davis, Sara Gille, Pamala A. Pawloski, Su-Ying Liang, Victoria Schlieder, Alanna Kulchak Rahm

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Genetic information has health implications for patients and their biological relatives. Death of a patient before sharing a genetic diagnosis with at-risk relatives is a missed opportunity to provide important information that could guide interventions to minimize cancer-related morbidity and mortality in relatives.

Methods: We performed semi-structured interviews with individuals diagnosed with Lynch syndrome at 1 of 4 health systems to explore their perspectives on whether health systems should share genetic risk information with relatives following a patient’s death. An inductive, open-coding approach was used to analyze audio-recorded content, with software-generated code reports undergoing iterative comparative analysis by a …

How Close Is Close Enough: Home As A Proxy For Incident Location In Trauma Systems, Jamison Beiriger, David Silver, Joshua Brown

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

A Novel Approach To Assessment Of Us Pediatric Trauma System Development., Mary E. Fallat, Colin Traeger, Sophie Humphrey, Lindsey Gumer, Kahir Jawad, Elissa Butler, Frederick B. Rogers, Frederick P. Rivara, Amelia T. Collings

Faculty Scholarship

Importance Mature trauma systems are critical in building and maintaining national, state, and local resilience against all-hazard disasters. Currently, pediatric state trauma system plans are not standardized and thus are without concrete measures of potential effectiveness.

Objective To develop objective measures of pediatric trauma system capability at the state level, hypothesizing significant variation in capabilities between states, and to provide a contemporary report on the status of national pediatric trauma system planning and development.

Design, Setting, and Participants A national survey was deployed in 2018 to perform a gap analysis of state pediatric trauma system capabilities. Four officials from each …

¿Existe Asociación Entre La Multimorbilidad Y La Mortalidad De Pacientes Con Covid-19? Análisis De Una Submuestra De Una Cohorte Colombiana., Silvia Villabona Flórez Dr, Mariam Beatriz Posso-Paz Dr, Catalina Cáceres Ramírez Dr, Alvaro José Lora Mantilla Dr, Andrea Karin Riaño Duarte Dr., Laura Alejandra Parra-Gómez Dr, Valentina Ortegón Vargas Dr, María Catalina Rocha Lezama Dr, Paul Anthony Camacho López Dr

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación la multimorbilidad y la mortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico por COVID-19.

Metodología: Estudio observacional de cohorte ambispectiva de pacientes con infección por COVID-19 que acudieron a urgencias de la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga en el periodo entre agosto de 2020 y junio 2021. Se realizó un análisis de una submuestra de pacientes fallecidos, divididos en tres grupos según sus antecedentes; pacientes sin comorbilidades, pacientes con ≤2 comorbilidades y pacientes con multimorbilidad (>2 comorbilidades). Finalmente se analizó el consumo de 14 medicamentos.

Resultados: Se analizaron 1509 participante con una edad media de 58.3±19.8 años. La …

Antidepressant Effect Of Ketamine On Inflammation-Mediated Cytokine Dysregulation In Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Rapid Systematic Review, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Grozdena Yilmaz, Jianying Gu

Publications and Research

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represent a global source of societal and health burden. To advise proper management of inflammation-related depression among TRD patients, it is important to identify therapeutic clinical treatments. A key factor is related to proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. Ketamine may provide an anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy by targeting proinflammatory pathways associated with depressive disorders, which may be exacerbated in the ageing population with TRD.

Objective. Despite a burgeoning body of …

The Association Between Race And Diagnostic Delay Of Retinoblastoma In Us Children, Alexander K. Black, Amanda E. Kahn, Roberto Warman, Noël C. Barengo

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

The Association Between Race and Diagnostic Delay of Retinoblastoma in US Children

Alexander K. Black¹, Amanda E. Kahn², Roberto Warman³, Noël C. Barengo⁴

1 Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, ablac045@med.fiu.edu, ORCID: 0000-0003-1688-5109

2 Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, akahn010@med.fiu.edu, ORICD: 0000-0002-8045-4576

3 Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, rwarman@eyes4kids.com.

4 Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, nbarengo@fiu.edu, ORCID: 0000-0003-0660-3091

Objective: Explore associations between race and age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children in the United States between 1988-2018. …

Hipertensión Arterial No Diagnóstica En Adultos De Sabaneta, Un Enemigo Silencioso, Ángela P. Echeverri Rendón Estudiante De Medicina, Luz S. Giraldo Cardona Msc Epidemiología, Jorge E. Salazar Flórez Msc Epidemiología

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico que pretendía determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial no diagnosticada y sus factores ascociados en Sabaneta, Antioquia (2021-2022) con el fin de comprobar la hipótesis de que gran parte de la población sufre esta patología pero no lo sabe debido a que es asintomática en la mayoría de los casos.