Public Health Commons^™

From The Legal Literature: Covid And The Criminal Law, Francesca Laguardia

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Ideology Of Baby-Mama Phenomenon: Assessing Knowledge And Perceptions Among Young People From Educational Institutions, Opeyemi S. Adeojo, Daniel Egerson, Gabriel Mewiya, Rowland Edet

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This study investigated the knowledge and perception of the ideology of baby-mama concept among the youths. Particularly, this paper assessed the knowledge of the concept of baby mama among youths and also their opinion on the acceptability of this style of family structure. The study employed a qualitative approach through an in-depth interview research method. Forty respondents between the ages of 16 and 40 years were selected across three educational institutions in Oyo state, south-west Nigeria. The participants of the study voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and everything said during the course of the interview was transcribed and …

Cross-National Attitudes About Paid Parental Leave Offerings For Fathers, Qi Li, Chris Knoester, Richard J. Petts

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Using cross-national data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme (N = 33,273), this study considers institutional, self-interest, and ideational factors in analyzing public opinions about the provision, length, and source of paid parental leave offerings for fathers. We find substantial support for generous leave offerings. Multilevel regression results reveal that being a woman, supporting dual-earning expectations, and realizing more family strains lead to support for more generous leave offerings. Endorsing separate spheres and intensive mothering attitudes reduces support for more generous leave offerings; although, gendered attitudes interact with one another in predicting leave preferences, too. Finally, country-level indicators …

Attitudes About Paid Parental Leave: Cross-National Comparisons And The Significance Of Gendered Expectations, Family Strains, And Extant Leave Offerings, Chris Knoester, Qi Li, Richard J. Petts

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Using data on paid parental leave preferences from 35,488 adults situated within 26 different OECD countries, and multilevel modeling, this study examines public opinions about the provision of paid parental leave, some government funding of leave offerings, and preferred lengths of leave offerings. We consider how attitudes may be similar or different across social contexts and then focus upon the extent to which gender, gendered parenting role attitudes, family strains, and country-level institutionalized leave offerings are associated with leave preferences. The findings indicate that the vast majority of respondents are in favor of rather widespread and generous paid parental leave …

Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Obesity, Elizabeth Ann Pettifor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity has become an epidemic in the United States (U.S.) population. Obesity is a risk factor for many health problems that ultimately lead to death or disability. Nurses in the U.S have a higher-than-average rate of overweight and obesity. The purpose of this exploratory, qualitative case study was to identify and recommend areas for change in the hospital environment to assist bedside nurses in the U.S to have a healthier lifestyle. Social media was used to conduct a purposeful sampling technique and recruit 10 registered nurses working full time at the bedside in the U.S who struggle with obesity. Semi …

Physicians’ Perceptions And Intent To Use Mcdonald Guidelines For Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, Daniel E. O'Brien

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects close to 400,000 patients in the United States and roughly 2.3 million people around the world. Because this is a growing global public health concern, researchers and clinicians are calling for a more efficient adoption of these McDonald MS guidelines in clinical practice as outlined in newly diagnosed guidelines. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the independent variables gender, guidelines knowledge, years in practice and intent to use the McDonald MS guidelines for diagnosing MS among physicians. …

Marital Status And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mortality In A Southern County, Javis Nkwanwoh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a substantial cause of mortality, particularly among U.S. segments of the population. Marriage is protective of HIV/AIDS mortality due to monogamy; however, the increased risk of HIV/AIDS mortality among other marital subgroups is understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between marital status and HIV/AIDS mortality among a cohort of HIV infected individuals in a southern county. Mills' behavior theory guided this research as it posits that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which occurs through the interaction with the environment. The study had a quantitative research design …

Search Strategies For "A Review Of Bidimensional Acculturation And Sti/Hiv-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Hispanic Youths", Mariam Taiwo, Melissa Tibbits, Cynthia M. Schmidt

Search Strategies: Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library

No abstract provided.

Mental Health Risks & Patterns Among On-Campus Resident Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Brooke Writer

All Master's Theses

Objective: This study examined the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the mental health and well-being of college students residing in a rural community. Eligible students reported on their mental health statuses, coping strategies, distresses, demographics, and original items to capture students’ experiences. Participants: Participants were 372 undergraduate and graduate student's living in residence halls or on-campus housing enrolled in a public university between January and March 2021. Methods: Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were utilized. Open-text responses about navigating mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized. Results: Students who identified as LGBTQ+ (pp=0.0022) scored …

The Development Of A Survey Instrument To Assess Racial And Cultural Inclusiveness: A Case Study Of Staff, Jolene Rios

All Master's Theses

Background:

The hierarchy of the medical system and its lack of racial and cultural inclusiveness has created systematically inequitable healthcare with direct outcomes to health disparities. Inequitable non-inclusive healthcare perpetuated and negatively impacted health disparities among minorities and has been a major preventable public health problem. Research studies have established a correlation between racism and various adverse health outcomes, including higher mortality, lower rates of cancer screening, elevated blood pressure, higher C-reactive protein levels, substance use, and mental health conditions (Shavers et al, 2012). Measuring exposure to racism has been essential to establishing racism’s influence on equitable, inclusive healthcare and …

Risk Factors For Poor Outcomes Among Patients With Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (Xdr-Tb): A Scoping Review., Karan Varshney, Beverly Anaele, Matthew Molaei, Rosemary Frasso, Vittorio Maio

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

In recent years, there has been an upsurge in cases of drug-resistant TB, and strains of TB resistant to all forms of treatment have begun to emerge; the highest level of resistance is classified as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). There is an urgent need to prevent poor outcomes (death/default/failed treatment) of XDR-TB, and knowing the risk factors can inform such efforts. The objective of this scoping review was to therefore identify risk factors for poor outcomes among XDR-TB patients. We searched three scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, and identified 25 articles that examined relevant risk factors. Across the included …

Amplifying Community Voice In Multi-Sector Health Collaboration: Case Study Exploring Meaningful Inclusion, Rachel Lucy

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

There has been recognition in a consistent and long-term way that the most complex health issues of our time cannot be solved by one sector alone. Actions of funders and new policy spanning the last two decades have successfully attracted a diversity of sectors into planning circles. Many multi-sector collaborations (MSCs) aiming to improve community health have the desire to include the voices of those with lived experience in collaborative efforts, but they are challenged by conditions that are inevitably disengaging because of continued power imbalances, excessive bureaucratic process, and lack of action for change. A collaboration operating in the …

Health Systems Approach To Ensure Quality And Safety Amid Covid-19 Pandemic In Pakistan, Nousheen Pradhan, Anam Shahil Feroz, Syed Mairajuddin Shah

Community Health Sciences

Ensuring quality and safe care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic offers a challenge to already strained health systems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Pakistan with less shock-absorbing capacities. There is a dearth of evidence on mechanisms to provide optimum quality care to COVID-19 patients in the resource-constrained healthcare environment. The lessons learned from the Ebola virus outbreak for the deficient health systems and quality improvement are considered to propose strengthening the health systems response to deliver quality-assured care to patients during the current pandemic. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) health systems framework …

Effect Of Mutation And Vaccination On Spread, Severity, And Mortality Of Covid-19 Disease, Dr Hossam Zawbaa, Hasnaa Osama, Ahmed El‐Gendy, Haitham Saeed, Hadeer S. Harb, Yasmin M. Madney, Mona Abdelrahman, Marwa Mohsen, Ahmed M.A. Ali, Mina Nicola, Marwa O. Elgendy, Ihab A. Ibrahim, Mohamed E.A. Abdelrahim

Articles

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had different waves within the same country. The spread rate and severity showed different properties within the COVID-19 different waves. The present work aims to compare the spread and the severity of the different waves using the available data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and death cases. Real-data sets collected from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science were used to perform a comparative study between COVID-19 different waves in 12 countries with the highest total performed tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the world (Italy, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Spain, India, …

Visualizing The Impact Of Europe’S Slow Covid-19 Vaccine Rollout, Mathias Beck, Gail Sheppard

Articles

On 31 March 2021, the WHO Regional Office for Europe issued a formal statement of concern regarding the slow vaccine rollout across Europe [1]. The WHO noted that the “Region remains the second most affected by SARS-CoV-2 of all the world’s regions” which was worrying, especially because the more transmissible B.1.1.7 was now dominant in the region [1]. It further contrasted this with the experiences of the UK, by noting that according to data from Public Health England, “COVID-19 vaccines have saved, at the very least, over 6,000 lives among people over 70 since vaccination started in December 2020”. Beyond …

Comparison Between The Prevalence Of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Different Flood Types In Thailand, Natakorn Ritbunyakorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters in Thailand. Floods may have a long-term psychological impact on survivals. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) usually diagnosed among flood victims. However, there is limited information on PTSD from different flooding events in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of having probable PTSD among different flood types in Thailand. A secondary data analysis was performed using a dataset from previous cross-sectional survey conducted from 2019 to 2020 in Nakhon Sawan and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces selected from the expert reviews’ discussion. The analysis was performed on 376 …

Age-Dependent Chronic Lung Injury And Pulmonary Fibrosis Following Single Exposure To Hydrochloric Acid, Ruben M.L. Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel Solopov, Christiana Dimitropoulou, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) represents a threat to public health. Children may inhale higher doses and develop greater injury because of their smaller airways and faster respiratory rate. We have developed a mouse model of pediatric exposure to HCl by intratracheally instilling p24 mice (mice 24 days old; 8–10 g) with 2 µL/g 0.1 N HCl, and compared the profile of lung injury to that in HCl-instilled adults (10 weeks old; 25–30 g) and their age-matched saline controls. After 30 days, alveolar inflammation was observed with increased proteinosis and mononuclear cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in both …

Electromyographical Assessments Of Recommended Neck And Trunk Positions For Dental Hygienists, Margaret F. Lemaster, Kyle J. Kelleran, Maryam Moeini, Daniel M. Russell

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose: Dental professionals are recommended to limit neck and trunk flexion to within 20° of a neutral (0°) body posture, however empirical support for the recommendations is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in muscle workload between a range of neck and trunk postures in a population of dental hygiene students.

Methods: Fifteen first semester senior dental hygiene students with no history of neck and trunk injury volunteered to participate. Surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity from two neck extensors muscles, cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius (UT), and two …

Association Between Prepregnancy Obesity And Health Behaviors, Adverse Conditions, And Birth Outcomes In South Dakota, Lily Sanderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Prepregnancy obesity is associated with an increased risk for various adverse outcomes for mother and fetus. These adverse associations exist within the realms of preconception health, prenatal health, birth outcomes, and postnatal health.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (SD PRAMS) survey, which is an ongoing statebased surveillance system of maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. The 2017 and 2018 SD PRAMS sampled a total of 3,805 mothers who were randomly selected from birth certificate records to be representative of all South Dakota women …

Examining The Factors That Lead To Latinas Stopping Breastfeeding Across The United States, Dulce Ruelas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for an infant, yet only 25.4% of women in the United States decide to breastfeed. A Latina's choice for infant feeding must be made with accurate information as breastfeeding may reduce infant mortality and decrease chronic conditions such as obesity, depression, and diabetes. The study's purpose was to examine if Latinas are influenced by suggestions to not breastfeed by family members and health care providers or by events that may have happened at the hospital. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study reviewed if social influences, marital status, and maternal education link to …

Multimorbidity, Healthcare Processes, And Mortality Among Tb/Hiv Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Therapy In Uganda, Abel Nkolo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Globally, Uganda is one of the 30 tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) high burden countries with high antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, yet mortality is still high among TB/HIV patients on ART. The reasons for the high mortality have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between multimorbidity, age, sex, marital status, phase of TB treatment, timing of initiation for ART, and type of TB and mortality among TB/HIV patients on ART in Uganda. The health outcomes conceptual framework with 3 domains that directly or indirectly affect the outcome domain was used …

Exploring The Relationship Between Antenatal Care And Postnatal Care To Newborn Outcomes In Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria, Adebe Gabriel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Newborn outcomes (morbidity or mortality) have been on the increase in Borno State. This study explores the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) and newborn outcomes among women in Mafa local government area, Borno State. Also examined were the relationships between transportation and newborn outcomes, women’s knowledge of illness during pregnancy and ANC attendance, availability of staff/health workers, availability of supplies/equipment relations with ANC and PNC attendance. The three delays model was used as theoretical framework. The research will be useful for government and program-implementing partners to guide quality reproductive maternal newborn child adolescent health and nutrition …

Risk Factors For Foodborne Illness Outbreaks In Retail Food Establishments, Brendalee Viveiros

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite policies and interventions over the last two decades, foodborne illness remains a significant public health concern. According to the CDC’s Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System, 60% of reported foodborne illness outbreaks involved food that was prepared at a restaurant. Reducing foodborne illness outbreaks that occur at restaurants would have a significant impact on the overall number of foodborne illnesses that occur each year. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the differences in risk factors in food establishments that have had a foodborne illness outbreak compared to food establishments that have not. This study used Reckwitz’s theory …

Breastfeeding Information And Breastfeeding Duration Among African American Women With A Family History Of Breast Or Ovarian Cancer, Aleatha Johnson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Decades of research supports the notion that breastfeeding may help prevent breast and ovarian cancer in women. Women with a family history of these cancers are at greater risk. African American women have the lowest breastfeeding rates, yet the highest breast and ovarian cancer mortality rates. No studies have been conducted exploring the impact of being informed about breastfeeding from health care providers, breastfeeding support services, or family and friends and the relationship between their knowledge of family history of breast or ovarian cancer and breastfeeding duration for African American women. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine …

Disparities In The Use Of Radiation Therapy For Postlumpectomy Breast Cancer, Deborah Rothley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Early-stage breast cancer can be highly curable when properly treated using national standards of care. However, disparities in treatment, including radiation therapy after lumpectomy, may result in disproportional mortality rates in African American women. The purpose of this study was to add to the body of research to help determine the reasons for an underutilization of radiation therapy among African American women and whether the disparity has continued by analyzing recent patient data. Anderson’s behavioral model was used to frame the study and help determine the associations between the predisposing and enabling independent variables of race, age, health insurance status, …

Workplace Bullying/Interpersonal Conflict, Job Stress, Coworker Support And Hypertension Among Women, Kia Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Interpersonal conflict in the workplace, such as workplace bullying, is recognized as a growing public health issue that could lead to poor health outcomes like hypertension among women workers. However, there is limited research on the role that interpersonal conflict, as well as other job-related factors such as job stress and coworker support, may collectively have on hypertensive outcomes among minority women workers, specifically in younger age groups. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to examine the extent to which certain job risk factors (interpersonal conflict, job stress and coworker support) were associated with being treated for hypertension …

Diabetes Self-Management Of Adults With Diabetes In Grenada During The Covid-19, Pauline Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes self-management involves several behaviors to prevent complications and ensure a good quality of life. Several studies addressed how the COVID-19 lockdown impacted diabetes self-management practices worldwide, yet little was known about self-management experiences in Grenada and the Caribbean region. The purpose of this phenomenological and directed content analysis study was to gain insight into the lived diabetes self-management experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown in Grenada. The theory of planned behavior was used as the theoretical framework for this study. The research questions addressed lived self-management experiences and attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward diabetes self-management. Semistructured interviews …

Parents’ Decision Making And Uptake Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adolescent Males, Franklyn Penn

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections account for most oropharyngeal, anal, and penile cancers among men. Two vaccines have been recommended for boys 11 years of age or older to prevent HPV infection, but HPV vaccination rates are far below the Healthy People 2030 target goal. Some research indicates the role of the parent is vital in HPV vaccine uptake, but to what extent is unclear. Through quantitative secondary data analysis of the National Immunization Survey-Teen 2016 (NIS-Teen) data set (n = 43,271) that was grounded in the health belief model, chi-square, and logistic regression analyses revealed three key findings. First, male …

The Causes And Control Measures Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae In Long-Term Care Facilities, Ismaila Olatunji Sule

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), infections among residents are increasing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), resulting in high rate of morbidity and healthcare costs. ESBL-PE resists empirical antibiotics and reduces treatment options, and a designated infection control team is unavailable to prevent the prevalence of the disease. Ecological theory guided this study. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to characterize the causes of ESBL-PE and evaluate the infection control strategies within LTCFs. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was included as supplementary statistical analysis to identify relationships between LTCFs, geographical locations, infection control measures (ICMs), and ESBL-PE. A systematic search …

Psychosocial Factors And Physical Health In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients, Olulana Bamiro

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The research problem identified was poor physical health in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The problem is important because poor physical health yields unsuccessful aging. The current research aimed to identify psychosocial factors that improve self-evaluated physical health in the study population as a proxy to overall health; the research questions helped identify these factors. The first research question assessed the association between health locus of control and self-evaluated physical health. The second research question evaluated the association between family support and self-evaluated physical health. A final research question assessed the association between health locus of control, …