Public Health Commons^™

Tumor Biology And Racial Disparities In Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Seer Database Analysis, Sarah J. Ullrich, Michael C. Smith, Paul J. Chung, Sara Y. Kim, Gainosuke Sugiyama

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction:

Significant disparities in immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy have persisted, and may even be increasing, despite large-scale efforts to minimize them, such as the Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998. Immediate breast reconstruction has been shown to lead to higher rates of surgical satisfaction, minimize delay in post-operative cancer treatment, and improve the quality of life and overall well-being of mastectomy patients. However only 25-40% of eligible women in the United States receive reconstruction. The rate of reconstruction is even lower in African American and Hispanic women compared to White women. To better understand this disparity, …

Children As Agents Of Change: Parent Perceptions Of Child-Driven Environmental Health Communication In The Apsáalooke (Crow Indian) Community, Jessica Milakovich, Vanessa W. Simonds, Frances L. Kim, Deborah Laveaux, Velma Pickett, Suzanne Held, Christine Martin, Jason Cummins, Lynn Kelting-Gibson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

While previous research suggests children have successfully acted as health change agents, no studies have examined the role of children in promoting environmental health knowledge and awareness. This study describes parent perceptions of the impact of a five-day water-focused environmental health summer camp on elementary school children in an American Indian community. We interviewed parents about their perception of changes in their child's environmental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Parents in this study confirmed that their child had shared information related to the camp activities. In addition, parents perceived that their children had increased knowledge and positive changes in attitudes …

An Examination Of Active Commuting By Race/Ethnicity, Income And Location, Dangaia Sims, Melissa Bopp

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction

Active commuting (AC; walking and biking to work) is associated with a number of positive health outcomes, low participation remains low in the USA. Our objective was to examine the multi-level influences on AC considering social determinants of health: race/ethnicity, income level and location.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey examining correlates of AC in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The sample consisted of 1,310 adults over the age of 18 who were employed part- or full-time outside of the home and physically able to walk and bike. One-way ANOVAs, t-tests, and Pearson correlation analyses were run …

Racial Disparities In Breast Cancer Survival: The Mediating Effects Of Macro-Social Context And Social Network Factors, Ganga Vijayasiri, Yamile Molina, Ifeanyi B. Chukwudozie, Silvia Tejeda, Heather Pauls, Garth Rauscher, Richard T. Campbell, Richard B. Warnecke

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to clarify the associations between macro-social and social network factors and continuing racial disparities in breast cancer survival. The study improves on prior methodologies by using a neighborhood disadvantage measure that assesses both economic and social disadvantage and an ego-network measurement tool that assesses key social network characteristics. Our population-based sample included 786 breast cancer patients (nHWhite=388; nHBlack=398) diagnosed during 2005-2008 in Chicago, IL. The data included census-derived macro-social context, self-reported social network, self-reported demographic and medically abstracted health measures. Mortality data from the National Death Index (NDI) were used to determine 5-year survival.

Based on …

Promoting Community And Population Health In Public Health And Medicine: A Stepwise Guide To Initiating And Conducting Community-Engaged Research, Scott D. Rhodes, Amanda E. Tanner, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Jorge Alonzo, Florence Siman, Eunyoung Y. Song, Jonathan Bell, Megan B. Irby, Aaron T. Vissman, Robert E. Aronson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Various methods, approaches, and strategies designed to understand and reduce health disparities, increase health equity, and promote community and population health have emerged within public health and medicine. One such approach is community-engaged research. While the literature describing the theory, principles, and rationale underlying community engagement is broad, few models or frameworks exist to guide its implementation. We abstracted, analyzed, and interpreted data from existing project documentation including proposal documents, project-specific logic models, research team and partnership meeting notes, and other materials from 24 funded community-engaged research projects conducted over the past 17 years. We developed a 15-step process designed …

Estimates Of Female Breast Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratio (Mir) Of The Counties And The Senatorial Districts Grouped To County Boundaries (Sdgcs) In Missouri 2008 - 2012, Awatef A. Ben Ramadan, Jeannette Jackson-Thompson, Chester L. Schmaltz

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: To measure Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios (MIRs) on Senatorial Districts Grouped to County Boundaries (SDGCs) to explore the female breast cancer (FBC) racial and age disparities in Missouri.

Methods: The MIRs and their 95% CI by age and race were calculated for the 20 SDGCs for the period from 2008-2012.

Results: For the 65+ years old FBC cases, the MIRs for whole Missouri and the 20 SDGCs were typically twice the MIR for thewhites.

Conclusions: FBC MIRs can be used as a measure of cancer inequalities in Missouri. These measures might be informative for policy makers to assess the existing policies …

The Switch From Patented Medicine To The Generic One: An Option Or A Necessity?, Păduraru Dan Nicolae, Ion Daniel, Nica Adriana Elena, Coman Florentina, Coțofană Marius, Badiu Dumitru Cristinel, Grigorean Valentin Titus, Bolocan Alexandra, Andronic Octavian

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

This paper assesses the influence of a number of factors taken into account when a brand name drug is replaced by a generic one. It also evaluates responses of health professionals – physicians and pharmacist—and patients regarding the issue of switching. We compared and contrasted their responses in order to identify new points of cooperation for the intended benefit of the patient. Thus, the sample drew from all three groups, consisting of 50 doctors, 50 pharmacists, and 50 patients. We collected information regarding the age, residence, income level, and education level for the patients, and age and experience for the …

Increase Referrals To Medaccess At The Smhc Pharmacy, Sarah Jones, Kim Beaudoin

Southern Maine Health Care

Problem/Impact Statement: The MedAccess Program is losing referrals at point of sale in the SMHC Pharmacy.

Scope: Patients who are currently serviced by the SMHC Pharmacy that are uninsured or under insured and meet the % Federal Poverty Level for prescription assistance.

Concentrations Of Nicotine, Nitrosamines, And Humectants In Legal And Illegal Cigarettes In Mexico, Ariela Braverman-Bronstein, James F. Thrasher, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Mauricio Hernández-Ávila, Tonatiuh Barrientos Gutierrez

Faculty Publications

Background: Article 10 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control states the need for industry disclosure of tobacco contents and emissions. Currently, the profiles of key tobacco compounds in legal and illegal cigarettes are largely unknown. We aimed to analyze and compare concentrations of nicotine, nitrosamines, and humectants in legal and illegal cigarettes collected from a representative sample of smokers.

Methods: Participants of the International Tobacco Control cohort provided a cigarette pack of the brand they smoked during the 2014 wave. Brands were classified as legal or illegal according to the Mexican legislation. Nicotine, nitrosamines, glycerol, propylene …

“I'M Gonna Get Me A Loosie” Understanding Single Cigarette Purchases By Adult Smokers In A Disadvantaged Section Of New York City, Klaus Von Lampe, Marin Kurti, Jacqueline Johnson

Publications and Research

This study seeks to update and expand our understanding of the perceptions and purchasing patterns of smokers of single cigarettes (‘loosies’) in disadvantaged urban areas. Semi-structured guides were used in thirteen focus groups with 67 self-identified adult smokers from the South Bronx section of New York City in summer 2013. There is wideavailability ofsingle cigarettes inthe South Bronx, withlegitimate stores overwhelmingly being the preferred venue for purchases. Single cigarettes are sold at higher per-unit prices than illicit packs. However, buyers of single cigarettes can achieve cost savings compared to legal, fully taxed cigarette packs. Apart from cost-savings, smokers opt for …

Guide Lines Vol. I, Issue 18 - October 2018, College Of Health And Human Services

GUIDE Lines

Periodic Newsletter of the Governors State University - University of Illinois, Chicago - Disparities Education Cancer research training and education project (The GUIDE Project).

La Asociación Entre La Contaminación Del Agua Y La Salud En Los Niños Menores De Cinco Años En Villa Garrote, Partido De Tigre / The Association Between Water Pollution And Health In Children Under Five In Villa Garrote, Tigre Party, Morgan Whyte

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

La intersección entre el medio ambiente y la salud es un tema central en el estudio de la salud pública porque el acceso a un medio ambiente seguro es esencial para los resultados positivos en la salud. Este tema es particularmente relevante al considerar a Villa Garrote, una pequeña villa situada en el río Reconquista en el municipio de Tigre. Para abordar este tema dentro de esta villa, esta investigación pretende explorar la asociación entre la contaminación del agua y la salud de los niños. Además, los objetivos específicos de este estudio incluyen: investigar los principales elementos que contaminan el …

Atvs And Agriculture: A Review Of The Literature, Hali Neves, William Brazile, David P. Gilkey

Safety Health & Industrial Hygiene

The purpose of this article was to provide a review of the published literature pertaining to agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) use and injury, fatality, exposure assessment, risk estimation and interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique was used to identify high quality relevant articles pertaining to ATV-related injury, fatality, exposure assessment, risk estimation, and interventions in an agricultural setting. Inclusion criteria for articles included publications from January 1, 2000 through August 31, 2016, use of injury epidemiology assessment tools, NIOSH hierarchy of controls and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide. Thirty-four articles met …

Effect Of N-Nitrosoatrazine On Embryogenesis In Avian Embryos, Nur Firyal Roslan, Moses New-Aaron, Martha Rhoades, Kent Eskridge

Posters and Presentations: College of Public Health

Preliminary studies suggest that the nitrosamine N-nitrosoatrazine (NNAT) is teratogenic and mutagenic. We hypothesized that the embryos exposed to NNAT would have higher mortality and lower growth rate compared to unexposed embryos. In this study, we evaluated growth and mortality in chick embryos after exposure to NNAT dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The study was divided into three experiments depending treatment design. First, the effect of DMSO on embryo growth and survival was tested. Second, we compared growth and survival between embryos treated with DMSO, 50:50 DMSO:water and NNAT at 0.245 µmol/l. Finally, we compared growth and survival between …

Safety & Risk Management News October 2018, Tara Chinn

Otterbein Police Department

No abstract provided.

Discutiendo Desde El Interior: La Marginación De Los Hombres Trans Dentro Del Movimiento Por El Aborto Legal En Argentina / Arguing From Within: The Marginalization Of Trans Men Within The Movement For Legal Abortion In Argentina, Olivia Nichols

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

En la actualidad, el color verde lleva con ello una asociación casi indudable al movimiento por el aborto legal en Argentina. A pesar de este alto perfil del movimiento conocido como la marea verde, una recorrida por la historia del movimiento revela una gran brecha en el diálogo en relación con la inclusión de personas que no son mujeres cis, como los hombres trans que también abortan.

Informada por entrevistas con activistas trans argentinos y la observación de un encuentro de la Campaña Nacional por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito, esta investigación considera la inclusión (o falta …

Kisumu County Hospital Patient Demographic Analysis: Looking Toward Universal Health Coverage, Lauren Scheffey

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Universal health coverage is priority sought after by developed and developing nations alike, and Kenya sits on the list of countries seeking to achieve this goal in the coming years. The definition of “coverage” can vary by country, but three criteria are commonly found in the discussion of UHC globally: access, affordability, and quality. Affordability is determined by the state’s healthcare financing system; quality refers to the services provided by health facilities; and access, at least in part, concerns the geographic placement of health services providers in relation to the population they intend to serve. This geographic element is the …

Older Adults' Health Care Utilization A Year After Experiencing Fear Or Distress From Hurricane Sandy, Laura P Sands, Yimeng Xie, Rachel Pruchno, Allison Heid, Yili Hong

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether self-reports of disaster-related psychological distress predict older adults' health care utilization during the year after Hurricane Sandy, which hit New Jersey on October 29, 2012.

METHODS: Respondents were from the ORANJ BOWL Study, a random-digit dialed sample from New Jersey recruited from 2006 to 2008. Medicare hospital, emergency department (ED) and outpatient claims data from 2012 and 2013 were matched to 1607 people age 65 and older in 2012 who responded to follow-up surveys conducted from July 2013 to July 2015 to determine their hurricane-related experiences.

RESULTS: In total, 7% (107) of respondents reported they experienced …

Evaluating The Kentucky Association Of Extension 4-H Agents Annual Conference Using The Re-Aim Framework, Michael Elijah Wilson

Dissertations

The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (REAIM) evaluation framework, as first introduced by Glasgow, Vogt, and Boles (1999), offers a straightforward method for evaluating Extension related programs. In this study, the RE-AIM framework is used to evaluate the Kentucky Association of 4-H Extension Agents (KAE4-HA) annual conference by examining pre-existing organizational data and records that include the results from KAE4-HA post-conference surveys that had never been reviewed as part of a comprehensive program evaluation.

This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter I provides an overview of the study. Chapter II reviews the history of Extension in Kentucky, program …

Integration Of A Pharmacist In A Pediatric Medical Home For Children With Medical Complexity, Alannah K. Yoder, Richard K. Ogden Jr., Ingrid A. Larson, Emily J. Goodwin

Pharmacy Posters

Background/Objectives

Children with medical complexity require unique care, specialized attention, and a dedicated team to meet the needs of the patient & caregivers. Drug-therapy related problems in complex, chronic conditions influence financial, institutional, and patient outcomes. The addition of a pharmacist allows for collaboration and delivery of comprehensive medication management in order to provide value-added medication services to optimize complex therapeutic regimens and patient outcomes through evidence-based practice, medication adherence, medication use coordination, and medication safety processes.

Description

Our program provides a pediatric medical home for hundreds of children with medical complexity. Families are cared for by a comprehensive …

Substance Use Patterns Among Women Living With Hiv Compared With The General Female Population Of Canada, Mostafa Shokoohi, Greta R Bauer, Angela Kaida, Ashley Lacombe-Duncan, Mina Kazemi, Brenda Gagnier, Alexandra De Pokomandy, Mona Loutfy

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

BACKGROUND: HIV infection and substance use synergistically impact health outcomes of people with HIV. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of substance use among women living with HIV (WLWH) and compared them with expected values from general data.

METHODS: Cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol consumption, last-month non-prescribed cannabis use (vs. last-year use), and last 3 months regular (≥once/week) and occasional (

RESULTS: Compared to expected estimates from general population women, a higher proportion of WLWH reported daily cigarette smoking (SPD: 26.8% [95% CI: 23.9, 29.7]), smoking ≥20 cigarettes/day (SPD: 11.6% [9.8, 13.6]), regular non-prescribed cannabis use (SPD: 8.0% [4.1, …

Family Physician Remuneration Schemes And Specialist Referrals: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Ontario, Canada., Sisira Sarma, Nirav Mehta, Rose Anne Devlin, Koffi Ahoto Kpelitse, Lihua Li

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Understanding how family physicians respond to incentives from remuneration schemes is a central theme in the literature. One understudied aspect is referrals to specialists. Although the theoretical literature has suggested that capitation increases referrals to specialists, the empirical evidence is mixed. We push forward the empirical research on this question by studying family physicians who switched from blended fee-for-service to blended capitation in Ontario, Canada. Using several health administrative databases from 2005 to 2013, we rely on inverse probability weighting with fixed-effects regression models to account for observed and unobserved differences between the switchers and nonswitchers. Switching from blended fee-for-service …

Associations Between Environmental Quality And Adult Asthma Prevalence In Medical Claims Data, Christine L. Gray, Danelle T. Lobdell, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Yun Jian, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Lynne Messer Phd, Mph, Achal P. Patel, Stephanie A. Deflorio-Barker, Christopher Lyttle, Julian Solway, Andrey Rzhetsky

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

As of 2014, approximately 7.4% of U.S. adults had current asthma. The etiology of asthma is complex, involving genetics, behavior, and environmental factors. To explore the association between cumulative environmental quality and asthma prevalence in U.S. adults, we linked the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Quality Index (EQI) to the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. The EQI is a summary measure of five environmental domains (air, water, land, built, sociodemographic). We defined asthma as having at least 2 claims during the study period, 2003–2013. We used a Bayesian approach with non-informative priors, implementing mixed-effects regression modeling with a Poisson …

Birth Outcomes And Water: A Multidisciplinary Study, Moses New-Aaron, Jane L. Meza, Patrick J. Shea, Martha Rhoades

Posters and Presentations: College of Public Health

Evidence that agrichemicals are associated with the incidence of birth defects is inconsistent. We examined whether nitrate and nitrosatable agrichemicals present in well water are associated with birth defect rates in Nebraska counties. Birth defect data from the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, 2005-2014, were merged with well data obtained from the Quality-Assessed Agrichemical Contaminant Database for Nebraska Ground Water (1977-2014). Nebraska counties with higher rates of birth defects had a greater prevalence of agrichemicals in well water. Of the 33 contaminants sampled from different well types, nitrate and atrazine were of interest. Birth defect rates were negatively …

Proposing A Transactional Model Of Ehealth Literacy: Concept Analysis, Samantha R. Paige, Michael Stellefson, Janice L. Krieger, Charkarra Anderson-Lewis, Jeewon Cheong, Christine Stopka

Faculty Publications

Background: Electronic health (eHealth) literacy was conceptualized in 2006 as the ability of internet users to locate, evaluate, and act upon web-based health information. Now, advances in eHealth technology have cultivated transactional opportunities for patients to access, share, and monitor health information. However, empirical evidence shows that existing models and measures of eHealth literacy have limited theoretical underpinnings that reflect the transactional capabilities of eHealth. This paper describes a conceptual model based on the Transactional Model of Communication (TMC), in which eHealth literacy is described as an intrapersonal skillset hypothesized as being dynamic; reciprocal; and shaped by social, relational, and …

The Challenges Of India’S Rising Breast Cancer Epidemic, Brigette Stickney

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

India is currently undergoing rapid urbanization, which is greatly impacting Indian citizens’ health. One of the rising concerns due to the drastic lifestyle and environmental changes that are results of urbanization is the issue of breast cancer. Breast cancer diagnosis rates are rising exponentially, and breast cancer has moved its way up to be the most common cancer in India. Breast cancer mortality rates in India are also some of the worst in the world. This paper analyses the social, mental, economic, geographic, and physical challenges that are present for women diagnosed with cancer in India. It assesses how they …

Analyse Du Potentiel D’Application Des Textiles Intelligents En Santé Et En Sécurité Au Travail, Patricia Dolez, Justine Decaens, Thibault Buns, Dominic Lachapelle, Olivier Vermeersch, Jacek Mlynarek

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les textiles intelligents sont des structures capables de détecter, de réagir et de s’adapter à un grand nombre de stimuli : électriques, magnétiques, thermiques, optiques, acoustiques, mécaniques, chimiques, etc. Ils offrent potentiellement des perspectives très intéressantes dans le domaine de la santé et de la sécurité au travail, par exemple, pour des systèmes de localisation intégrés, le suivi des conditions physiologiques des travailleurs, des systèmes chauffants et refroidissants intégrés, des dispositifs de communication, la captation d’énergie, etc. Cette étude avait pour objectif de réaliser une synthèse des connaissances tirées de la littérature technique et scientifique et d’identifier les technologies, solutions …

Health Implications In Regards To The Changing Nature Of Work, Carly E. Kalis

Student Publications

This theoretical paper is relevant to nontraditional workers, traditional employees, and businesses searching for ways to enhance workers’ health and well-being. Businesses should also find this information helpful if they are aiming to increase their bottom line. The changing nature of work has health implications for both nontraditional workers and traditional employees; however, it has not been readily studied. I review the current literature available and analyze the health implications for both nontraditional workers and traditional employees. After reviewing a variety of literature I propose two theoretical propositions. My first proposition is that the changing nature of work, specifically the …

Male-Female Differences In The Prevalence Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma And Residential Proximity To Superfund Sites In Kentucky, Ramona Stone, W. Brent Webber

Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a category of cancers that arise from lymphocytes. Previous work by the authors demonstrated a significant association between residential proximity to Superfund sites in Kentucky and cumulative incidence rates of NHL. In both the U.S. and Kentucky, age-adjusted NHL rates in males consistently exceed rates in females, despite NHL often arising later in the lifespan when females outnumber males. The current investigation sought to determine whether the NHL rate difference by sex is associated with proximity to environmental toxicants. Cancer data for a period of 18 years were obtained from the Kentucky Cancer Registry. Superfund geospatial …

Reducing O Negative Blood Product Usage In A Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center, Wendy Weiler, Tracy Cook, Mmc Blood Bank, Mark Parker, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Ruth Hanselman, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

MANAGEMENT OF O NEGATIVE BLOOD USE

O registered blood cells are the universal donor but it comprises only 7% of the blood supply. As a result, inappropriate use can result in shortages.

At an academic tertiary care medical center, a performance improvement goal was established that O negative blood cells would make up less than 12% of all blood type transfused by the end of their fiscal year.

A root cause analysis established reasons for the use of O negative blood cells. A number of countermeasures were initiated using the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) problem solving model. Using newly …