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2017

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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 2464

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy And Prenatal Care Attendance In Abuja, Nigeria., Dorothy Ijeoma Ezekwe-Anya Jan 2017

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy And Prenatal Care Attendance In Abuja, Nigeria., Dorothy Ijeoma Ezekwe-Anya

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among women poses a significant threat to maternal mortality during pregnancy in Nigeria with a prevalence rate of 14% in the southern region versus 43% in the northern region. Early and adequate prenatal care is essential for improving pregnancy outcomes and the reduction of the maternal mortality rate. Previous studies in several countries have demonstrated a unique barrier to healthcare access among women exposed to IPV. This study assessed the association between IPV during pregnancy and prenatal clinic attendance, using a cross-sectional quantitative study design guided by the social learning theory. The modified Conflict Tactile Scale …


Health Literacy, Availability, And The Need For Educational Resources On Infertility, Amber Louise Dessellier Jan 2017

Health Literacy, Availability, And The Need For Educational Resources On Infertility, Amber Louise Dessellier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a gap in infertility research regarding resource availability within rural communities, yet existing research declares infertility a public health concern. This qualitative study was grounded in the Heggerian phenomenological framework by way of assessing participants' perceptions of and experiences with infertility resources in a rural community. The purpose was to analyze the meaning of those experiences within their world. To accomplish this, Antonovsky's salutogenic theory was applied to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of infertility resources including the availability of resources, participant understanding of, and participants' experiences. Purposive sampling was used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 …


Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices And Styles, And Obesity In Mexican American Children, Maria Carmen Goodwin Jan 2017

Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices And Styles, And Obesity In Mexican American Children, Maria Carmen Goodwin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood obesity rates among Mexican Americans have risen along with the concerns of public health professionals. The purpose of this cross-sectional study, based on social cognitive theory, was to investigate the relationships among parental self-efficacy, parental feeding practices and styles, and childhood obesity, as measured by the parental perception of child weight, among Mexican Americans in Texas. Mothers and fathers (n=83; 33 males, 64 females), with at least 1 child between 8 and10 years, formed the sample. Relationships were assessed using the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy questionnaire, the Parental Feeding Practices Questionnaire for Mexican American parents, the Parenting Dimensions …


Quantifying The Quality Of Antimalarial Drugs In Ghana, Felix Boakye-Agyeman Jan 2017

Quantifying The Quality Of Antimalarial Drugs In Ghana, Felix Boakye-Agyeman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Malaria is still an epidemic in many parts of the world-about 220 million people are still infected with malaria worldwide and about 700 thousand people die from this disease per year. Most of the drugs used to treat malaria work well if they are used as required and they contain the right amounts of the active ingredient; however, it is estimated that more than 10% of drugs traded worldwide are counterfeits including 38% to 53% of antimalarial tablets produced in China and India. Due to the lack of data covering the extent of counterfeit antimalarial drugs in Ghana, the purpose …


Assessment Of Anxiety And Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment In Ghana, Kofi Adesi Kyei Jan 2017

Assessment Of Anxiety And Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment In Ghana, Kofi Adesi Kyei

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy often experience severe levels of anxiety and depression. There is a gap in the research literature from Africa, particularly from Ghana, with few studies focusing on the assessment of anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment. A better understanding was essential to promote efforts to help breast cancer patients cope with their diagnosis and treatment and increase their overall quality of life. This mixed method study examined breast cancer patients in Ghana undergoing radiotherapy and their responses related to anxiety and depression through a concurrent triangulation involving an interview with selected professional …


Self-Reported Health Status, Perceived Risk For Developing Breast Cancer, And Mammography Screening Use, Idara Sylvanus Mcpartling Jan 2017

Self-Reported Health Status, Perceived Risk For Developing Breast Cancer, And Mammography Screening Use, Idara Sylvanus Mcpartling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer is a widespread public health issue in the United States which affects all women. Although mammography is a proven screening tool, screening rates vary widely. Self-reported health status may play a role in how women perceive their risks for developing breast cancer, which may affect mammography use. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to assess the association between self-reported health status and perceived risk for developing breast cancer, as well as perceived barriers towards mammography screening and use. Social action theory, which holds that social and the psychological factors influence health behaviors, served as the theoretical …


Individual And Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Childhood Immunization Coverage In Nigeria, Obinna Ositadimma Oleribe Jan 2017

Individual And Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Childhood Immunization Coverage In Nigeria, Obinna Ositadimma Oleribe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Immunization remains one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual and socioeconomic factors that influence childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria. The health belief model and the social ecological model were used as the theoretical framework for the study, which examined the effects of individual, parental, and socioeconomic factors on complete immunization among Nigerian children. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests were conducted within a secondary analysis of 2013 Nigerian National Demographic and Health Survey was done. Of 27,571 children aged 0 to 59 months, 22.1% had full vaccination …


A Comparative Study Of Cervical Cancer Among Indigenous Amerindian, Afro-Guyanese, And Indo-Guyanese Women In Guyana, Carol Jones-Williams Jan 2017

A Comparative Study Of Cervical Cancer Among Indigenous Amerindian, Afro-Guyanese, And Indo-Guyanese Women In Guyana, Carol Jones-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in developing countries. In Guyana, factors associated with increasing cervical cancer cases among Indigenous Amerindian women (IAW), Afro- women (AGW), and Indo-Guyanese women (IGW) have not been fully examined. In this comparative cross-sectional study, 5,800 cervical cancer cases were selected from Guyanese women age 13 and above for ethnicity (Indigenous Amerindian, Afro- and Indo Guyanese women), geographical region, marital status, and year and stage at diagnosis. Secondary data from Guyana Cancer Registry for the 2000-2012 study periods were analyzed using chi-square test, multinomial logistic regression, poisson regression, and relative risk. Geographical region …


Impact Of Plans, Finance, And Zoning Policies On What Developers Choose To Build, Michele Ann Williams Jan 2017

Impact Of Plans, Finance, And Zoning Policies On What Developers Choose To Build, Michele Ann Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While there is considerable academic research on the intersection of comprehensive plans, finance policies, zoning policies and how these factors influence real estate developers' choice of what land to develop and what buildings to construct on that land, little is understood about whether these three variables promote or hinder real estate developers' choice of whether to build communities that promote healthy living. Using urban planning theory as the foundation, the purpose of this correlational study was to determine how real estate developers' decisions are made to support healthy New Urbanism development in the United States. Secondary data from the Urban …


Homelessness In Calgary From The Perspectives Of Those Experiencing Homelessness, Edith N. Ahajumobi Jan 2017

Homelessness In Calgary From The Perspectives Of Those Experiencing Homelessness, Edith N. Ahajumobi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Since the 1990s, homelessness has increased in Canada. The existing strategies of the government and public health service providers to manage the situation have had limited success. Researchers have noted the lack of including those experiencing homelessness to better understand and find a solution to homelessness. The purpose of this phenomenological study, driven by the social cognitive theory, was to understand homelessness from the perspectives of people who do not have homes. Data were collected from open-ended interviews with a purposeful sample of 15 individuals who are homeless. Summarizing and analyzing the interviews, several themes emerged after interview data were …


Perceived Parental Barriers To Preventive Dental Care Programs For Children, Kim Attanasi Jan 2017

Perceived Parental Barriers To Preventive Dental Care Programs For Children, Kim Attanasi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dental caries is the most prevalent childhood illness and disproportionately affects children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Dental organizations are collaborating within communities to decrease oral health disparities among children by offering free preventive oral health events. These programs face the problem of low enrollment due to lack of informed parental consent. Also, gaps in the literature indicated the need to examine oral health perceptions and dental-care-seeking practices of culturally diverse low-income parents regarding preventive care for their children. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the reasons why parents are not allowing their children to participate in …


Non Medical Prescription Drug Use In Rural Communities And Social Work, Izetta Mounice Briggs-Bolling Jan 2017

Non Medical Prescription Drug Use In Rural Communities And Social Work, Izetta Mounice Briggs-Bolling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study explored the roles and responsibilities of social workers providing services to nonmedical prescription drug users (NMPDU). Researchers have indicated NMPDU disproportionately affects people living in rural communities. The overarching research question sought to explore the concerns of social workers when providing services to patients coping with NMPDU in the rural community of Ulster County, New York. The intention was to examine systemic challenges facing rural social workers when attempting to decrease morbidity risks and increase the health of Ulster County residents. A total of 7 social workers participated in 3 focus groups to explore their ideas for defining, …


Effect Of Home Telemonitoring On Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Among Adult Hispanics, Priscilla Liza Caban Jan 2017

Effect Of Home Telemonitoring On Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Among Adult Hispanics, Priscilla Liza Caban

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Heart failure is ranked as one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among adults of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Telemonitoring, as a homecare intervention for heart failure management, has been used across all groups although the benefit for Hispanics not established. The purpose of this retrospective, quantitative study was to determine the differences in hospital readmission between Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White patients with heart failure disease who either received or did not receive home telemonitoring services from a homecare agency in Connecticut. The research questions for this study examined the effect of home …


'Stand By Me' Designated Tobacco Areas On U.S. Military Installations, Robert Thomas Gobble Jan 2017

'Stand By Me' Designated Tobacco Areas On U.S. Military Installations, Robert Thomas Gobble

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

U.S. Air Force (USAF) active duty Airmenshowunusually high tobacco prevalence rates (TPR); i.e., smoke, smokeless, both(SSL-B), when compared to civilian publics in the United States. Tobacco control efforts have proven largely ineffective inlowering nicotine habits among Airmen, while outdoor designated tobacco areas (DTAs) sited near worksites and popular localeson USAF bases (USAFBs) likelyswayAirmen to continue riskynicotine habits. The aim of this inquiry was to assess whetherquantities of DTAs on USAFBs and U.S. airbases (USABs) with 4 mediator variables(quality of DTAs,sites of DTAs, execution of a tobacco cessation program, and types of tobacco cessation programs) wereassociated with TPR (SSL-B) among Airmen …


Influence Of Psychological Empowerment, Leadership, And Climate On Safety Outcomes, Christine Healy Jan 2017

Influence Of Psychological Empowerment, Leadership, And Climate On Safety Outcomes, Christine Healy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research has demonstrated that safety outcomes are impacted by workplace risk factors, but also supervisory practices and employee actions. An area that has not been explored is the impact of employee cognitions on safety outcomes defined as work-related injuries. Based on the conceptual framework of psychological empowerment (PE), the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of employee cognitions as measured by PE as related to leadership and safety climate and the occurrence of work-related injury. The research examined the mediating effect of (PE) on the factors of leadership and safety climate and their relationship to work-related injury. …


Factors Affecting Inadequate Growth During Early Childhood In Guyana, South America, Valescia Xenobia John Jan 2017

Factors Affecting Inadequate Growth During Early Childhood In Guyana, South America, Valescia Xenobia John

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Children under 5 years of age in Guyana are at an increased risk for inadequate growth. According to the United Nations Development Programme, 1 out of 3 children of preschool age are undernourished globally. This is a major public health concern as undernourishment in children under 5 years can lead to lifelong health complications. The study assessed the relationship between inadequate growth and urban classification in children under 5 years in Guyana, South America, after controlling for the following variables: mother's level of education, mother's age at birth of the child, household size, wealth, and marital status. The study framework …


Obstetric Fistula: The Experiences Of Patients And Medical Personnel In Sierra Leone, Sheku Samba Jan 2017

Obstetric Fistula: The Experiences Of Patients And Medical Personnel In Sierra Leone, Sheku Samba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Women face great risks in pregnancy and childbirth, especially in developing countries where there are very few skilled birth attendants and negligible government investments in maternal health programs. As a result, obstetric fistula (OF), a potentially fatal but preventable and treatable condition, affects some 3 million women and girls globally. In Sierra Leone, the prevalence of OF is extremely high, but the absence of quality data to inform decision-making, both on prevalence and risk factors, is a barrier to creating an environment for OF prevention and care. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and document the barriers …


Night Shift Work And Weight Gain Among Female Filipino Nurses, Raymundo Mintac Apellido Jan 2017

Night Shift Work And Weight Gain Among Female Filipino Nurses, Raymundo Mintac Apellido

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The research problem is the increasing numbers of overweight and obese nurses working the night shift. Study on overweight and obesity among female Filipino nurses has not been conducted. It was important to conduct a research study among female Filipino nurses to find out if there are statistically significant associations between night shift work and weight gain. The purpose of this correlational and cross-sectional study was to determine if there are statistically significant associations between insufficient sleep, abnormal eating patterns, working 12-hour shifts, years of working night shift, age, stress, marital status, nursing units, decreased physical activity, and level of …


Dietary Acculturation And Obesity In African Immigrant Adults, Stella Chinyere Onuoha-Obilor Jan 2017

Dietary Acculturation And Obesity In African Immigrant Adults, Stella Chinyere Onuoha-Obilor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial/ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by obesity and other risk factors for chronic diseases. African immigrants are an increasing segment of the U.S. population at greater risk for obesity than other immigrants living in the United States. Public health organizations that aid immigrants could benefit from information about changing dietary patterns. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between dietary acculturation and obesity among African immigrant adults living in the United States, controlling for length of stay, English proficiency, region of residence, and other sociodemographic factors. Acculturation theory guided this study. The research design was quantitative cross-sectional …


Coping Mechanisms Of Sub-Saharan African Female Immigrants With Breast Cancer, Ernest Opoku Agyeman Jan 2017

Coping Mechanisms Of Sub-Saharan African Female Immigrants With Breast Cancer, Ernest Opoku Agyeman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Coping mechanisms of breast cancer is a public health problem among African females, particularly, the Sub-Saharan African female immigrants. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the coping mechanisms of the research group that could be used to develop and implement an intervention program to promote the quality of adaptation to improve the quality of life. The study achieved the objective by the use of 1-to-1 interviews of purposive samples of 2 and 12 using Roy Adaptation Model. Interviewed data were collected from females diagnosed with breast cancer, in treatment, and with remissions. The pilot study (n = …


Decreasing Primary-Care-Related Emergency Department Visits In The Hispanic Population Using Patient Navigators, Arthur Dominguez Jr. Jan 2017

Decreasing Primary-Care-Related Emergency Department Visits In The Hispanic Population Using Patient Navigators, Arthur Dominguez Jr.

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Primary-care-related emergency department (PCR-ED) visits by Hispanic patients enrolled in a not-for-profit Medi-Cal and Medicare health plan resulted in longer wait times in the emergency department (ED) at a regional medical center in Southern California. This congestion decreased access for those with true emergencies, created capacity issues, increased ED length of stay, and resulted in potential safety risks. This project focused on decreasing PCR-ED visits in the Hispanic population using patient navigators in Southern California. Applying the health belief model and Lippitt's theory of change, this doctoral project involved the creation and implementation of a culturally appropriate, population-specific patient navigator …


Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On The Hiv Care Continuum, Ebere Erugo Jan 2017

Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On The Hiv Care Continuum, Ebere Erugo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; PLWHA) are at increased risk of insufficient medical care due to lack of insurance. Inadequate medical care for PLWHA contributes to increases in HIV transmission rates. The U.S. Surveillance Report noted that in 2015, over 1.2 million people were living with HIV infection, and there were approximately 50,000 new infections every year. The report further stated that about 675,000 people have died from HIV-related illnesses since its discovery in 1981. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014 was intended to provide Americans, including people at …


Postpartum Mothers' Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding, Jackie Denise Jones Jan 2017

Postpartum Mothers' Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding, Jackie Denise Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast milk is the optimal source of nourishment for babies, providing positive nutritional and psychosocial benefits for infants' growth and development. Rates for initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months in the United States are well below the target rates for the Healthy People 2020 Maternal, Infant, and Children's Health objectives. Using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this project was to ascertain how knowledge and attitudes influenced a mother's intent to breastfeed during her hospital stay and the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding continuing after discharge. A convenience sample of 68 postpartum mothers was recruited from …


Hpv Vaccination, Sociodemographic Variables, And Physician Recommendation In Select U.S. Areas, Rebecca Marie Jungbauer Jan 2017

Hpv Vaccination, Sociodemographic Variables, And Physician Recommendation In Select U.S. Areas, Rebecca Marie Jungbauer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus, and is causally related to several cancers. HPV vaccination rates are far below HealthyPeople 2020 targets and vary across geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic populations. The purpose of this research was to test the relationships among socioeconomic and demographic variables, HPV vaccination, social vulnerability, and physician recommendation within select local areas in the United States. Fundamental cause theory and behavioral economics informed this quantitative secondary analysis of National Immunization Survey-Teen and Social Vulnerability Index data (n = 43,271). Statistical analyses included chi-square and binomial logistic regression. Teens whose mothers had less …


The Association Between Child Abuse And Attempted Suicide In Hong Kong, Hing Sang Wilfred Wong Jan 2017

The Association Between Child Abuse And Attempted Suicide In Hong Kong, Hing Sang Wilfred Wong

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Children are the cornerstone of the community as well as the future of society. Child abuse and suicide among the young population is a serious and prevalent problem. Through a number of survey studies undertaken in other countries including Canada, United States, and Australia, researchers demonstrated that child abuse was related to suicidal behavior. However, this association had not been examined in Hong Kong. However, the number of hospital admissions for child abuse in Hong Kong had increased from 15.6 to 61.9 per 100,000 between 1995 and 2015 and 3.7% of child abuse cases had previously recorded suicide attempts. This …


The Association Between Neighborhood Factors And Mexican Americans’ Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Kai Wei, Jaime Booth Jan 2017

The Association Between Neighborhood Factors And Mexican Americans’ Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Kai Wei, Jaime Booth

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This systematic review seeks to elucidate the association between neighborhood factors and Mexican American mental health outcomes. We searched PsycINFO and Academic Search Premier for studies related to neighborhood factors and mental health. Google Scholar was used to identify additional studies, followed by a manual inspection of the related work. Eleven studies were identified. Nine studies found that neighborhood factors had a significant impact on mental health among this group. Neighborhood compositional factors influenced mental health directly, among which minority concentration was found to be protective for Mexican American mental health. Neighborhood contextual factors influenced mental health directly and indirectly …


When ‘Places’ Include Pets: Broadening The Scope Of Relational Approaches To Promoting Aging-In-Place, Ann M. Toohey, Jennifer A. Hewson, Cindy L. Adams, Melanie J. Rock Jan 2017

When ‘Places’ Include Pets: Broadening The Scope Of Relational Approaches To Promoting Aging-In-Place, Ann M. Toohey, Jennifer A. Hewson, Cindy L. Adams, Melanie J. Rock

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Aging-in-place is a well-established concept, but discussions rarely consider that many older adults live with pets. In a ‘pet-friendly’ city, we conducted semi-structured interviews to explore perspectives of community-based social support agencies that promote aging-in-place, and those of animal welfare agencies. Applying a relational ecology theoretical framework, we found that pets may contribute to feeling socially- situated, yet may also exacerbate constraints on autonomy experienced by some older adults. Pet-related considerations at times led to discretionary acts of more-than-human solidarity, but also created paradoxical situations for service-providers, impacting their efforts to assist older adults. A shortage of pet-friendly affordable housing …


Hygiene Beliefs, Attitudes, And Practices Of Suya Producers In Nigeria, Vivian Iwar Jan 2017

Hygiene Beliefs, Attitudes, And Practices Of Suya Producers In Nigeria, Vivian Iwar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The street food sector continues to grow in Nigeria in a largely unregulated environment. The lack of regulation poses a significant public health risk for consuming unsafe street foods such as suya. Quantitative research has revealed high levels of microbiological contamination of suya, despite qualitative findings that suggest that food handlers are knowledgeable about safe food handling practices. This discrepancy reveals a gap in understanding about what influences safe food handling practices besides knowledge. This qualitative study was therefore designed to gain a deeper understanding of the beliefs and attitudes that influence hygienic practices among suya producers. Guided by the …


The Meaning Of Feeling Fearful For New Community/Public Health Nurses, Demetrius Ann Jones Jan 2017

The Meaning Of Feeling Fearful For New Community/Public Health Nurses, Demetrius Ann Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the meaning of feeling fearful for nurses entering community/public health (C/PH) nursing. Nurses are entering the C/PH workforce with less experience and education than ever before, and may feel afraid or fearful in their jobs. Additionally, the autonomous nature of C/PH nursing poses significant challenges for this population such as fear of isolation and/ or abandonment. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explicate the meaning of feeling fearful for new C/PH health nurses. Ten nurses with up to 2 years of C/PH experience volunteered for this study. The research questions were guided by …


Translation And Validation Of The Spanish Version Of The Rapid Estimate Of Adult Literacy In Dentistry-30, Wilma Luquis Jan 2017

Translation And Validation Of The Spanish Version Of The Rapid Estimate Of Adult Literacy In Dentistry-30, Wilma Luquis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Low or marginal health literacy affect nearly 90 million citizens in the United States, compromising health outcomes, including oral health. Oral health literacy has been studied in diverse populations, yet the assessments used were developed and validated for English-speaking populations. A validated Spanish-language oral health literacy assessment was needed to help researchers and practitioners evaluate oral health literacy in the Hispanic population. Using the oral health literacy framework, the purpose of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate a Spanish version of a previously validated English-language oral health literacy. A translation-back-translation process was applied to the English version …