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2017

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Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Childhood Obesity Comorbitities Awareness Hospital-Based Education, Sandra Mcgrath Mcgrath Jan 2017

Childhood Obesity Comorbitities Awareness Hospital-Based Education, Sandra Mcgrath Mcgrath

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As childhood obesity continues to increase, so do the comorbidities and related health issues, putting youth at a greater risk of developing adult-related diseases such as hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Current literature indicates that healthcare organizations have a significant role in the fight against this epidemic, yet most children's hospitals have no policy to accomplish this task. The purpose of this project was to develop a program proposal for a hospital-based, sustainable obesity program that will aid in improving patient and family awareness of the importance of maintaining an ideal body weight to decrease the incidences of …


Assessing Nurses' Demographic Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Pharmacogenetic Testing Knowledge And Acceptance, Stella Chibuzor Ohanuka Jan 2017

Assessing Nurses' Demographic Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Pharmacogenetic Testing Knowledge And Acceptance, Stella Chibuzor Ohanuka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of knowledge of pharmacogenetic testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD), coupled with their increased risk for CVD, may impair nurses' cognitions and attitudes toward pharmacogenetic testing for CVD. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional correlational study, conducted with 230 RNs without CVD who worked in acute-care settings in Georgia, was to determine if their years of education, years of experience, and gender significantly influenced their perceived risk for CVD (Questions 1-3) and their perceived knowledge of pharmacogenetic testing for CVD (Questions 4-6), and if their perceived risk for CVD significantly influenced their acceptance of pharmacogenetic testing for CVD (Question …


Wellness Education And Job-Related Injuries And Illnesses For Federal Employees, Eunice Scott Jan 2017

Wellness Education And Job-Related Injuries And Illnesses For Federal Employees, Eunice Scott

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Work-related injuries and illnesses may lead to absenteeism, which affects the level of productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of an employee workplace training program on work-related injury and illness rates at selected federal districts within a federal organization. Newman's model, which describes internal and external factors that may have an effect on an individual's health, was the framework that guided this project. A pre-post design was used to compare data from 2 publically available data sets, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Illness and Injury and the Voice of the Employee Survey, for the …


The Influence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors On Exercise Participation, Chadrick Cooper Jan 2017

The Influence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors On Exercise Participation, Chadrick Cooper

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The study's purpose was to analyze whether the control (sustained healthy level) of independent cardiovascular disease risk factors could be used to significantly predict aerobic exercise status. The health belief and ecological model helped describe health awareness, autonomy, and ecological influences that could also influence the control of each risk factor. Multiple logistic regression analysis of behaviors and demographics was utilized to assess relationships of met aerobic recommendations to hypertension, diabetes, obesity, tobacco/alcohol use, diet, physical activity limitations, mood, and socio-economic status. The study consisted of 340 African American participants (37% male 63% female), between the ages of 30-64 who, …


The Relationship Between Hispanics/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men And Women Cultural Beliefs, Risk Behaviors And Self-Disclosure, Donnalee Maria Lawson-Williams Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Hispanics/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men And Women Cultural Beliefs, Risk Behaviors And Self-Disclosure, Donnalee Maria Lawson-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behaviors, and disclosure among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Minority men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV, in particular MSM who are Hispanic/Latino or African American. Limited research is available on the link between Hispanic/Latino MSMW, their cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behavior, and disclosure about risk behaviors to friends and family. The data were obtained from the SJS Project, which used survey methods to gather data on participants from all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Among the participants …


The Relationship Between Youths' Risky Sexual Behavior And Race/Ethnicity, William Patrick Odhiambo Okello Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Youths' Risky Sexual Behavior And Race/Ethnicity, William Patrick Odhiambo Okello

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to the CDC, young people, aged 15-24 years, share the greatest risk of new sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and the negative impact of alcohol and drug use. The purpose of this quantitative study, based on the theory of social-psychological problem-behavior, was to analyze the 2013 YRBSS secondary data and document if a relationship existed between race/ethnicity and youth sexual behavior, alcohol consumption, and drug use for the 13,583 survey participants. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi-Square were conducted to answer the research questions. Results indicated that American Indian/Alaskan Natives were most likely to report first sexual activity before 11 years …


Perceived Barriers To Lifestyle Change In Obese, Low-Income Hispanic Women, Mariana Daniela Torchia Jan 2017

Perceived Barriers To Lifestyle Change In Obese, Low-Income Hispanic Women, Mariana Daniela Torchia

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Low-income Hispanic women are the fastest growing minority population in the United States, and they have increased risks of obesity and secondary health issues, such as diabetes, related to their obesity. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the barriers to lifestyle change among obese, low-income Hispanic women (OLHW). A health belief model lens was used. The study sample consisted of 15 OLHW who were clinic patients and ranged in age from 20-59. Recruitment occurred in a low-income, Southern California, outpatient clinic setting through volunteer participation from recruitment flyers. Fifteen women took part in 1-hour, in-depth interviews, which …


Parental Perspectives On Vaccinating Children Against Preventable Childhood Diseases, Karen Charles Jan 2017

Parental Perspectives On Vaccinating Children Against Preventable Childhood Diseases, Karen Charles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood immunization has been one of the most important public health measures in the 20th century. In the United States, 95% of avoidable childhood diseases have been prevented through vaccinations. However, there have been growing concerns around the safety of vaccines, and this increased uncertainty has led to decreases in vaccination participation and increases in cases of preventable diseases. As such, is it important to understand why parents are not vaccinating their children. A qualitative approach was utilized to conduct this study. Flyers to recruit participants were distributed by healthcare providers and were posted in church facilities. Ten parents of …


Racial Ethnic Health Disparities: A Phenomenological Exploration Of African American Adults With Diabetes Complications., Florence A. Okombo Jan 2017

Racial Ethnic Health Disparities: A Phenomenological Exploration Of African American Adults With Diabetes Complications., Florence A. Okombo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial/ethnic minority groups experience a higher mortality rate, a lower life expectancy, and worse mental health outcomes than non-Hispanic in the United States. There is a scarcity of qualitative studies on racial/ethnic health disparities. The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore the personal experiences, attitudes, and perspectives of 6 African American adults with chronic health issues related to diabetes through a face-to-face interview. Social cognitive theory and health belief model guided the study. The participants were recruited through purposeful sampling. The data were coded using axial and thematic coding and subsequently analyzed through phenomenological interpretive inquiry. The …


Patient Characteristics And Treatment Outcomes Among Tuberculosis Patients In Sierra Leone, Mohamed Lamin Sesay Jan 2017

Patient Characteristics And Treatment Outcomes Among Tuberculosis Patients In Sierra Leone, Mohamed Lamin Sesay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite decades of the implementation of the directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS), Sierra Leone is ranked among the 30 highest TB-burdened countries. Several factors account for unfavorable treatment outcomes, among which are patient characteristics. Previous studies have only focused on treatment compliance without any consideration for the factors that lead to noncompliance to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient characteristics that are associated with treatment noncompliance (treatment not completed) among TB patients undergoing the DOTS program in Sierra Leone. A retrospective longitudinal quantitative design was used to analyze secondary data from the completed records of 1,633 …


Social Workers' Perceptions Of A Rural Emergency Mental Health Trauma Service, William L. Getz Jan 2017

Social Workers' Perceptions Of A Rural Emergency Mental Health Trauma Service, William L. Getz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Studies have shown that emergency mental health trauma (EMHT) services can significantly reduce the long-term effects of trauma after a disaster. However, rural municipalities may find they do not have the capacity to create such a service, or may not realize that their disaster planning includes no provision for emergency mental health care. Such was the case in a rural island community in the state of Washington, where, in 2014, several residents initiated a discussion that helped to identify the community's lack of EMHT services. This project, framed by action research and based on collaboration theory, sought to advance the …


Assessing Teachers' Confidence In Implementing Food Allergy Emergency Plans, Keturah Elizabeth Hawkins Jan 2017

Assessing Teachers' Confidence In Implementing Food Allergy Emergency Plans, Keturah Elizabeth Hawkins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Food allergies are an increasing health concern in the United States, affecting nearly 6 million children under the age of 18 years. Research has suggested that 18% of school-age children will have their first allergic reactions at school. Life-threatening allergic reactions experienced by children in the school setting are on the rise; however, little is known about how schools implement policies and practices in response to this issue. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to narrow the knowledge gap by examining teachers' knowledge, ability, and confidence level caring for students with food allergies. Bandura's social cognitive theory, which …


The Impact Of Maternity Healthcare Employees Professional Development On Pregnant Teen Health, Patricia.Kelley Kelley Jan 2017

The Impact Of Maternity Healthcare Employees Professional Development On Pregnant Teen Health, Patricia.Kelley Kelley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Knowledge gaps exist related to the care and education of pregnant teens. This project study addressed the problem of an inadequate amount of professional development (PD) and training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for pregnant teens at a maternity clinic in the Southeastern United States. Unless HCPs are appropriately trained, the ability to meet the needs of pregnant teens is deficient and negative health outcomes for these patients are likely to be exacerbated. The humanistic learning theory was used in this phenomenological exploratory study to explore perception of 9 HCPs who had the responsibility for patient teaching, clinical care, and …


Measuring Determinants Of Oral Health Behaviors In Parents Of Low-Income Preschool Children, Josefine Ortiz Wolfe Jan 2017

Measuring Determinants Of Oral Health Behaviors In Parents Of Low-Income Preschool Children, Josefine Ortiz Wolfe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dental decay is a preventable disease, but it remains the most unmet healthcare need of American children. Untreated dental decay has adverse and long-lasting effects on a child's quality of life. Healthy oral habits among preschool children are essential for a healthy permanent dentition and are achieved primarily by 3 oral health related behaviors: proper dental hygiene, a healthy noncariogenic diet, and regular dental visits. This quantitative study, based on the theory of planned behavior, explored the relationship between these 3 oral health behaviors and 4 determinants: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, using a 71-item questionnaire. The …


Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, And Pregnancy Outcomes In Lagos, Nigeria, Olubunmi Adanri Jan 2017

Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, And Pregnancy Outcomes In Lagos, Nigeria, Olubunmi Adanri

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. One of the Millennium Development Goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. These goals were not met in Nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Education has been shown to have positive impact on pregnancy outcomes; however, the characteristics of pregnant women, their health literacy level, their usage of antenatal care services and how these impact pregnancy outcomes are yet to be analyzed in Lagos, Nigeria. Guided by …


Gender Inequality In Women's Knowledge And Awareness Of Hiv/Aids In Port Harcourt, Maureen A. Wagbara Jan 2017

Gender Inequality In Women's Knowledge And Awareness Of Hiv/Aids In Port Harcourt, Maureen A. Wagbara

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Nigeria, gender inequality significantly impacts women's knowledge and awareness of the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the proliferation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Early marriage, traditional beliefs, religion, and polygamy all contribute to gender inequality. This study explored the role of these and other sociocultural practices in the gender inequalities that increase vulnerability of contracting HIV/AIDS among women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study employed a phenomenological design, collected data through a semistructured interview approach, which was managed using NVivo software. The purposive sample comprised 20 female students from a college in Port Harcourt. …


Arizona's Mentally Ill And Their Use Of The Emergency Department, Charlalynn Harris Jan 2017

Arizona's Mentally Ill And Their Use Of The Emergency Department, Charlalynn Harris

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Emergency departments (ED) are an integral component of the United States' health care system. The underlying factors related to ED use among Arizona's mentally ill are not fully understood and the patterns necessary to classify patients as frequent users have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of frequent users and further examine the conditions by which they present to the ED. The theoretical foundation for this study was the fourth version of Andersen's behavioral model (1995) and this model's use to frame this study allowed for an objective analysis of ED use among …


Public Health Implications Of Oil Pollution In Koluama: Nigeria, Esther Bridget Sako Jan 2017

Public Health Implications Of Oil Pollution In Koluama: Nigeria, Esther Bridget Sako

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As the global demand for oil increases, human health implications related to its discovery and transport remain a serious concern. The Niger Delta has been the site of severe environmental degradation since the oil boom of the 1970s. While some researchers have examined the environmental effects of oil procurement, few have explored human health implications in this region. This phenomenological study investigated the human physical and mental health consequences of oil-related environmental degradation through the perceptions and lived experiences of villagers in Koluama, Nigeria. The conceptual framework for the study was based on research conducted by Morello-Frosch, Zuk, Jerrett, Shamasunder …


Caregiver Burden And Emergency Room Utilization For Enhanced Recovery Surgery Cancer Patients, Mindy Sovel Jan 2017

Caregiver Burden And Emergency Room Utilization For Enhanced Recovery Surgery Cancer Patients, Mindy Sovel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Advances in surgical technique and medical management have led to fundamental changes in surgical care allowing for a paradigm shift from inpatient to outpatient surgery. Enhanced recovery pathways have moved surgical recovery from inpatient to outpatient settings requiring informal caregiver support. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of caregiver burden in this patient population and to explore whether caregiver burden contributes to preventable use of emergency room services. The conceptual framework supporting this retrospective cross-sectional study was Andersen's behavioral model of health services utilization. Data collected from 28 urologic patient/caregiver pairs were analyzed using descriptive statistics …


Relationship Between Quality Of Life For Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors And Novel Biomarkers, Stephanie L. Ford-Scheimer Jan 2017

Relationship Between Quality Of Life For Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors And Novel Biomarkers, Stephanie L. Ford-Scheimer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research in the field of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has increased over the last decade, including studies focused on biochemical markers (biomarkers) of the disease. There is also growing interest in how NETs impact patients' quality of life (QOL). Consequently, there is a paucity of information about whether the expression of the specific disease biomarkers affects QOL as well as whether the primary tumor site impacts QOL. Using the explanatory model of health promotion and quality of life in chronic disabling conditions as the theoretical framework and data collected with the Norfolk QOL-NET instrument, this study's purpose was to fill that …


Demographic Factors Associated With Consistent Hand Hygiene Adherence Among Icu Nurses, Sharon Lea Kurtz Jan 2017

Demographic Factors Associated With Consistent Hand Hygiene Adherence Among Icu Nurses, Sharon Lea Kurtz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healthcare associated infections cause 75,000 to 80,000 deaths a year. Many are preventable with proper hand hygiene adherence (HHA). Worldwide, HHA range is between 40-60%, far below the 100% recommended. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional, prospective study was to investigate any association between 15 demographic variables and HHA of ICU nurses. A convenience sample of 613 hand hygiene opportunities was collected by direct observation at each of 5ICUs (4 hospitals) in Texas for 8 consecutive hours each day for 3-5 days. The theoretical foundation guiding this study was the healthcare environment theory. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software …


The Lived Experiences Of School Nurses: Transitioning From Hospital To School Worksite, Irene Campbell Jan 2017

The Lived Experiences Of School Nurses: Transitioning From Hospital To School Worksite, Irene Campbell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

School nurses who transition from hospital or clinic-based settings to a school-based work environment often lack sufficient transitioning skills and orientation to cope with the roles and responsibilities of school-based nursing. The result is a high attrition rate among school-based nurses. School nurses may leave their positions due to experiences of marginalization, including isolation, role confusion, and barriers to practice. In this phenomenological study, the lived experiences of 12 school-based nurses who transitioned from hospital or clinical settings were explored. Bandura's self-efficacy and Spreitzer's psychological empowerment theories were used in interpreting the findings. Data were collected via face-to-face individual interviews …


Predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory Among Psychiatry Professionals, Chidi Chima Jan 2017

Predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory Among Psychiatry Professionals, Chidi Chima

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity remains a public health concern among persons with mental illness resulting from the interaction of a combination of factors such as genetic, medication, effects of their symptoms, social, and environmental factors. Obesity complications account for increased mortality and morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and quality of life in persons with mental illness. The management of obesity is challenging and predicting the ability of mental health professionals to advise patients on weight management behavior is important to improve patients' overall well-being. The social cognitive theory constructs knowledge, expectations, situational perception, self-efficacy, and goal setting were utilized in predicting Weight Management Advice …


Ambulatory Registered Nurse Perspectives On Health Literacy Roles And Patient Communication, Gloria Medina Redden Jan 2017

Ambulatory Registered Nurse Perspectives On Health Literacy Roles And Patient Communication, Gloria Medina Redden

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Registered nurses (RNs) have a significant role in communicating health information to patients. The problem addressed in this study was RNs roles with health literacy and communicating health information using words that the patient understands. This study found that ambulatory RN perspectives on their roles in health literacy and patient communication may improve health outcomes and optimal wellness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and describe ambulatory RN perspectives on their roles in health literacy and patient communication, as these are necessary components linked to better health outcomes. The conceptual framework for this study was the nurse …


Assessing Plant-Based Food Lifestyle To Reduce Obesity Risk, Erna Siregar Jan 2017

Assessing Plant-Based Food Lifestyle To Reduce Obesity Risk, Erna Siregar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite an increasing number of healthy lifestyles throughout the country, Americans, including Native Hawaiians, keep gaining weight. Unlike several American lifestyles that have resulted in weight gain within the American population, the vegetarian lifestyle is a scientifically proven method for decreasing body weight and maintaining the weight loss for more than 1 year. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle patterns of 4 vegetarian lifestyles and 1 nonvegetarian lifestyle among Native Hawaiians aged 21 and older using their body mass index (BMI). This quantitative study utilized a correlational design, which is particularly suitable for examining the relationship of BMI to …


The Relationship Between Infertility, Infertility Treatment, Psychological Interventions, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Antoinette Corley-Newman Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Infertility, Infertility Treatment, Psychological Interventions, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Antoinette Corley-Newman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The number of women diagnosed as infertile continues to grow every year. The psychological impact of the infertility experience has been said to create distress equivalent to that associated with life-threatening illnesses and has been linked with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using shattered assumption and stress-buffering theory, this quantitative causal comparative study explored the potential functional relationship between infertility and PTSD. The majority of the (all-female) participants were 24- to 34-year-old college graduates. A 2 X 3 factorial between-subjects ANOVA examined and compared the cause and effect of the independent variables, fertility treatment and psychological intervention, on the dependent variable, …


Use Of Social Cognitive Theory To Understand Veterans' Postservice Physical Activity Behavior, Geoffrey Bruce Miller Jan 2017

Use Of Social Cognitive Theory To Understand Veterans' Postservice Physical Activity Behavior, Geoffrey Bruce Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The health of the veteran population within the United States has become a matter of ever-increasing concern, and many individuals who have attained veteran status are experiencing health issues following their discharge from the military. Despite such concerns, there are often not enough resources available to assist these individuals to the degree necessary in an expedient manner. The purpose of this case study was to use social cognitive theory to understand the physical activity of veterans following their time in service. Through the use of social cognitive theory, this study explored the thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors of 11 veterans to …


Hassles Of African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Sharon H. Murff Jan 2017

Hassles Of African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Sharon H. Murff

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There has been a steady increase in the incidence of diabetes in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in the daily hassles of African American adults with a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes compared to those of African American adults without a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The theoretical underpinning for this quantitative, descriptive study was the cognitive appraisal theory (CAT), but the concept of stress and the effects stress has on the body was the broad framework that connected all the variables. The CAT was used to …


Predictors Of Uti Antibiotic Resistance For Female Medicaid Recipients In U.S. Ambulatory Care Settings, Wendy Denise Wiesehuegel Jan 2017

Predictors Of Uti Antibiotic Resistance For Female Medicaid Recipients In U.S. Ambulatory Care Settings, Wendy Denise Wiesehuegel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Urinary tract infections are diagnosed in female populations primarily in ambulatory care settings in the United States. Yet, published evidence documents that many of the antibiotics prescribed in these settings are unnecessary, erroneous, or, inappropriately prescribed. Improper management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in nonpregnant women has resulted in higher morbidity rates due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this retrospective observational cohort study was to explore a current national database for associations between nonpregnant American female patients who were exposed to poverty and at risk for urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance in an ambulatory care setting. Krieger's ecosocial theory …


Using Multi-Theory Model To Predict Low Salt Intake - Nigerian Adults With Hypertension, Christine Adekemi Dokun-Mowete Jan 2017

Using Multi-Theory Model To Predict Low Salt Intake - Nigerian Adults With Hypertension, Christine Adekemi Dokun-Mowete

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, renal malfunction, disability, and premature death. One of the public health recommendations for the management of hypertension is the reduction of sodium/salt intake. There is need to develop and implement new evidence-based theoretical interventions to initiate and sustain behavior change in health education and promotion. Therefore, the quantitative cross-sectional method and design was used to investigate the adequacy of multi-theory model (MTM) constructs for the initiation and the sustenance of low sodium/salt intake behavior in hypertensive Nigerian adults. In addition, the impact of the MTM (initiation) …