Public Health Commons^™

Aiha White Paper Findings: Emissions, Exposures And Health Risks, Cheri Marcham

Publications

Part of Seminar 51: Electronic Cigarettes: An Emerging Issue for ASHRAE.

• Introduction to e-cigarettes
• Components and potential health effects
• Current regulatory status
• AIHA white paper findings and recommendations
• ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1 and addenda

Generational Differences In Practice Site Selection Criteria Amongst Primary Care Physicians., Christopher Duffrin Phd, Mches, Molly Cashion Mph, Doyle M. Cummings Pharmd, Lauren Whetstone Phd, Jonathon Firnhaber Md, Gary Levine Md, Ricky Watson Md, Msph, Aaron Lambert Md

Marshall Journal of Medicine

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Generational differences are often viewed as shaping the overall attitudes and actions of different age cohorts. It is essential to understand the motivations and generational differences in primary care physicians for efforts to recruit, retain, and educate the future physician workforce. Determining what factors most influence different generations of primary care physicians when choosing a practice site is essential to build our future primary care system. This study examined generational differences in the factors that attracted primary care physicians to their current practice.

Methods: A survey instrument was mailed to all active members of the North …

The Crisis Of Opiates In Appalachia, James B. Becker Md

Marshall Journal of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Association Of Dna Methylation At Cpt1a Locus With Metabolic Syndrome In The Genetics Of Lipid Lowering Drugs And Diet Network (Goldn) Study, Mithun Das, Jin Sha, Bertha Hidalgo, Stella Aslibekyan, Anh N. Do, Degui Zhi, Dianjianyi Sun, Tao Zhang, Shengxu Li, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Hemant K. Tiwari, Devin Absher, Jose M. Ordovas, Gerald S. Berenson, Donna K. Arnett, Marguerite R. Irvin

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

In this study, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among 846 participants of European descent in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN). DNA was isolated from CD4+ T cells and methylation at ~470,000 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) pairs was assayed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We modeled the percentage methylation at individual CpGs as a function of MetS using linear mixed models. A Bonferroni-corrected P-value of 1.1 x 10⁻⁷ was considered significant. Methylation at two CpG sites in CPT1A on chromosome 11 was significantly associated with MetS (P for cg00574958 = …

Asking Questions, Seeking Improvements, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The author connects the rapid growth of scientific journals to the inquisitiveness of committed health professionals and their persistent efforts to improve patient care.

Racial Disparities In Outcomes Following Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience, Vani Nilakantan, Maharaj Singh, Ruth M. Perez, Yang Shi, Ahmed Dalmar, Brittany T. Last, Ajay Sahajpal

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose

Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease. However, despite overall improvements in patient and graft survival rates after kidney transplantation, differences in outcomes still exist among different racial and ethnic groups, with African-Americans having lower graft survival. Gaps continue to exist in the understanding of how demographic factors contribute to the varying outcomes among racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated kidney transplant outcomes in four racial/ethnic groups over a 12-year period at a large tertiary care center. Primary and secondary study outcomes were patient and graft survival across groups. To determine factors that might predict …

Factors Associated With Unmet Needs Among African-American Dementia Care Providers, P. J. Desin, Allison M. Caban-Holt, Erin L. Abner, Linda J. Van Eldik, Frederick A. Schmitt

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Racial and ethnic minorities currently comprise 20% of the U.S. population; in 2050, this figure is expected to rise to 42%. As a result, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the 5th leading cause of death for people aged 65 and older, is likely to increase in these groups. Most dementia caregiving for these populations comes from family and friends, especially among families with lower socioeconomic status. A convenience sample of 30 African-American dementia caregivers was interviewed to determine unmet needs. Participants expressed a limited desire for formal services, such as support groups, legal advice, case management, and homemaker services. Instead, commonly expressed …

Models For Hsv Shedding Must Account For Two Levels Of Overdispersion, Amalia Magaret

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We have frequently implemented crossover studies to evaluate new therapeutic interventions for genital herpes simplex virus infection. The outcome measured to assess the efficacy of interventions on herpes disease severity is the viral shedding rate, defined as the frequency of detection of HSV on the genital skin and mucosa. We performed a simulation study to ascertain whether our standard model, which we have used previously, was appropriately considering all the necessary features of the shedding data to provide correct inference. We simulated shedding data under our standard, validated assumptions and assessed the ability of 5 different models to reproduce the …

Bleeding Control - The Next Step In Active Shooter Guidance, Birch X. Barron

Homeland Security Publications

No abstract provided.

Harvesting Health: A Community-Based Participatory Evaluation Of The Veggie Rx Program, Natalie Royal, Kristin Brown, Fanny Rodriguez, Bianca Fernandez, Leticia Valle, Elizur Bello

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Symptom Patterns Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Deaf Trauma Survivors, Melissa L. Anderson, Amanda Sortwell, Kelly S. Wolf Craig, Douglas M. Ziedonis

JADARA

Details about Deaf people’s pattern of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms remain relatively unknown due to inaccessible methods used in most epidemiological research. We conducted semi-structured American Sign Language interviews with 16 trauma-exposed Deaf individuals to explore their PTSD symptom patterns. Half met criteria for current PTSD, a rate higher than the general population. Underlying this disparity may be heightened rates of dissociation and psychogenic amnesia reported by many Deaf trauma survivors. Future research with large samples of Deaf survivors is needed to clarify this hypothesis, and to inform interventions that more accurately target Deaf people’s pattern of trauma symptoms.

Genomic Diversity Of Epec Associated With Clinical Presentations Of Differing Severity, Tracy H. Hazen, Michael S. Donnenberg, Sandra Panchalingam, Martin Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inacio Mandomando, John Benjamin Ochieng, Shahida Qureshi, Farheen Quadri, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are diarrhoeagenic E. coli, and are a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness among young children in developing countries. Typical EPEC are identified by the presence of the bundle-forming pilus encoded by a virulence plasmid, which has been linked to an increased severity of illness, while atypical EPEC lack this feature. Comparative genomics of 70 total EPEC from lethal (LI), non-lethal symptomatic (NSI) or asymptomatic (AI) cases of diarrhoeal illness in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study was used to investigate the genomic differences in EPEC isolates obtained from individuals with various clinical outcomes. A …

U.S. Biological Quarantine: A Look At The Legal Framework, Katherine T. Rooney

Journal of Legislation

Biological terrorism is a growing problem. Search and seizure protections have an on-going balancing relationship with national security that is balanced by a least restrictive means test. The Kaci Hickox case exposed the difficulty of maintaining the civil rights protections of search and seizure while combating a potentially catastrophic danger.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Examines LHD Activities to Address Health Disparities and Inequities

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines LHD Activities to Address Health Disparities and Inequities

How Different Are Men Who Do Not Know Their Hiv Status From Those Who Do? Results From An U.S. Online Study Of Gay And Bisexual Men, Christian Grov, H. Jonathon Rendina, Jeffrey T. Parsons

Publications and Research

We compared self-described HIV-positive (31.6%, n=445), HIV-negative (56.8%, n=801), and HIV-unknown (11.6%, n=164) gay and bisexual men (GBM) on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Participants from across the U.S. were enrolled via a popular sexual networking website to complete an online survey. In total, 44.8% of HIV-negative and HIV-unknown men said they had not been tested for HIV in the CDC-recommended last 6 months. HIV-unknown men significantly differed from HIV-negative and HIV-positive men in sexual behavior and HIV status disclosure patterns. HIV-unknown men were more willing than HIV-negative men to take PrEP; however, HIV-unknown men were significantly less likely than others …

Will They Read It?, William H. Lane

English Faculty Publications

The Pennsylvania Health Care Plan Saves Money, But Will Legislators Take Time to Read the Bill?

Al the new year begins, it's time to hitch up our britches and take a look at how things are going with healthcare insurance reform. [excerpt]

A Public Health Framework For Screening Mammography: Evidence-Based Versus Politically Mandated Care, Lawrence O. Gostin, Kenneth W. Lin Md

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This Viewpoint highlights the societal risks of politically motivated mandates relating to public health guidelines. Although the Affordable Care Act mandated insurance coverage for U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended preventive services, it went further for mammography screening. Instead of relying on the most recent USPSTF guidelines, Congress amended the ACA to require the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to use its 2002 guidelines, which recommended screening every 1-2 years starting at age 40. The FY 2016 Consolidated Appropriations Act instructs DHHS to interpret any reference to “current” USPSTF breast cancer screening recommendations to mean those issued “before …

Reorienting Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health Research: Reflections From An International Conference, Kristien Michielsen, Sara De Meyer, Olena Ivanova, Ragnar Anderson, Peter Decat, Céline Herbiet, Caroline W. Kabiru, Evert Ketting, James Lees, Caroline Moreau, Deborah L. Tolman, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Bernardo Vega, Elizabeth Verhetsel, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli

Publications and Research

On December 4th 2014, the International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH) at Ghent University organized an international conference on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and well-being. This viewpoint highlights two key messages of the conference - 1) ASRH promotion is broadening on different levels and 2) this broadening has important implications for research and interventions – that can guide this research field into the next decade. Adolescent sexuality has long been equated with risk and danger. However, throughout the presentations, it became clear that ASRH and related promotion efforts are broadening on different levels: from risk to well-being, from …

Attention And Recall Of Point-Of-Sale Tobacco Marketing: A Mobile Eye-Tracking Pilot Study, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Sarah E. Adkison, Richard J. O’Connor, Jim Thrasher

Faculty Publications

Introduction: As tobacco advertising restrictions have increased, the retail ‘power wall’ behind the counter is increasingly invaluable for marketing tobacco products.

Objective: The primary objectives of this pilot study were 3-fold: (1) evaluate the attention paid/fixations on the area behind the cash register where tobacco advertising is concentrated and tobacco products are displayed in a real-world setting, (2) evaluate the duration (dwell-time) of these fixations, and (3) evaluate the recall of advertising displayed on the tobacco power wall.

Methods: Data from 13 Smokers (S) and 12 Susceptible or non-daily Smokers (SS) aged 180–30 from a mobile eye-tracking study. Mobile-eye tracking …

Web-Based Media Literacy To Prevent Tobacco Use Among High School Students, Jane S. Phelps-Tschang, Elizabeth Miller, Kristen R. Rice, Brian A. Primack

Journal of Media Literacy Education

Facilitator-led smoking media literacy (SML) programs have improved media literacy and reduced intention to smoke. However, these programs face limitations including high costs and barriers to standardization. We examined the efficacy of a Web-based media literacy program in improving smoking media literacy skills among adolescents. Sixty-six 9th grade students participated in a Web-based SML tobacco education program based on health behavior theory. Pre- and post-test assessments demonstrated statistically significant changes in the primary outcome of total SML as well as each of the individual SML items. However, there were inconsistent changes in other theory-based outcomes including attitudes and normative beliefs.

University Plans To Break World Record: Next Week's Wellness Fest Includes Attempt At Group Sit-Ups Record, Becky St. Clair

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

Unemployment Rate, Smoking In China: Are They Related?, Qing Wang, Jay Shen, Christopher R. Cochran

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: Studies on the relationship between unemployment rate and smoking have yielded mixed results. The issue in China has not been studied. This study aims to examine the influence of unemployment rate on smoking in China. Methods: Logit model and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation were used to estimate the effects. Estimations were done for 4585 individual over 45 using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in Zhejiang and Gansu provinces in 2008 and 2012. Results: A percent increase in the unemployment rate resulted in the increase in the likelihood of smoking by a combined 9.1 percent …

Social Patterning In Adiposity In Adolescence: Prospective Observations From The Chinese Birth Cohort ‘‘Children Of 1997’’, L. L. Hui, Gabriel M. Leung, C. Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

Introduction: Low early life socio-economic position is more strongly associated with adiposity among women than men. We examined whether the sex difference of social patterning in general and central adiposity exists before adulthood.

Methods: In Hong Kong’s “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable regression to examine the association of parental education, a marker of early life socio-economic position, with body mass index (BMI) (n = 7252, 88% follow-up) and waist-height ratio (n = 5636, 68% follow- up), at 14 years.

Results: Parental education of Grade 9 or below, compared to Grade 12 or above, was associated with higher …

Effets De La Posture De Travail Sur Les Patrons Musculaires De La Région Lombaire Lors D’Une Tâche Répétitive, Julie Côté, David Antle, Kim Emery, Suzy Ngomo

Rapports de recherche scientifique

En Amérique du Nord, la posture debout prolongée est largement utilisée dans les entreprises, alors que dans d’autres régions du monde, le travail s’effectue plutôt à partir de la position assise. Le travail en station debout prolongée a déjà été associé à divers symptômes comme la douleur lombaire et la fatigue généralisée. Des études récentes ont démontré une association entre la douleur lombaire en posture debout prolongée et des patrons de coactivation (activation coordonnée de paires de muscles) des muscles de la région lombo-pelvienne. Cependant, ces patrons n’ont jamais été mesurés pour d’autres postures de travail, ou lorsque la posture …

Medicaid Financing, Sally Coberly

National Health Policy Forum

This publication provides an overview of how the Medicaid program is financed. It explains how the federal and state shares of funding are determined, briefly describes disproportionate share hospital payments and how those are affected by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, and outlines financing mechanisms states have used to maximize federal Medicaid matching funds.

Medicaid Eligibility And Benefits, Sally Coberly

National Health Policy Forum

This publication provides a brief overview of the Medicaid program. It highlights the range of eligibility and benefits requirements and options and it briefly describes the program's financing structure.

Health Care Providers Advice Not To Smoke And Quit Attempts Among Mid-Adolescent Smokers, Russell K. Mcintire, Phd, Mph

College of Population Health Posters

Background

• Nearly 1 out of 7 U.S. adolescents is a current cigarette smoker by the time they leave high school. ¹
• Although almost one third of adolescents who saw a healthcare provider in the past month were advised to quit or avoid tobacco,² research on the influence of provider advice on quit attempts among adolescent smokers has shown mixed results. ³
• These results may be due to selection bias—adolescent smokers who get advice may be different from those who do not on a range of factors including age of initiation, smoking frequency, attitudes toward smoking, exposure to other anti-tobacco …

The Medicare Drug Benefit (Part D), Sally Coberly

National Health Policy Forum

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) established a voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries that began January 1, 2006. This publication provides an overview of the drug benefit.

Medicare, Sally Coberly

National Health Policy Forum

This publication provides an overview of the Medicare program including eligibility, covered services, cost-sharing requirements, and program financing.