Public Health Commons^™

Modal Sosial: Kekuatan Dan Pertahanan Di Bantaran Sungai, Sjarifah Salmah

Kesmas

Di bantaran sungai Ciliwung terdapat permukiman penduduk seluas lebih dari 6 hektar yang berpotensi mengubah lahan menjadi kumuh, padat, dan tidak manusiawi yang berdampak pada kualitas lingkungan fisik dan nonfisik yang tidak sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambarankarakter modal sosial yang dimiliki penduduk pemukim lama di bantaran sungai, menganalisis implikasi modal sosial terhadap kebijakan pemerintah, serta menyumbangkan model penerapan pemberdayaan modal sosial pada penataan bantaran sungai. Penelitian kualitatif yang dilengkapi data kuantitatif lapangan ini disebut kuasi kualitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kualitas lingkungan fisik alami dan modal sosial komunitas yang bermukim sepanjang bantaran sungai Ciliwung. Sampel adalah kualitasfisik …

Insentif Uang Tunai Dan Peningkatan Kinerja Kader Posyandu, Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani

Kesmas

Sejak tahun 2000 pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu) telah berkembang baik, tetapi kekurangan dana dan pelatihan mengalami penurunan kinerja akibat krisis ekonomi. Hal tersebut terlihat pada penurunan kunjungan dan drop out kader yang menghadapi banyak tugas, besar cakupan, dan kurang mampu merespon tuntutan masyarakat. Pedoman World Health Organization (WHO) terakhir menyatakan bahwa untuk menjamin keberlanjutan program jangka panjang, kader perlu dibayar. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara memberikan insentif kader terbesar di Indonesia. Studi inimengkaji peningkatan kinerja kader posyandu di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara pada tahun 2010 akibat pemberian insentif uang tunai. Penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan rancangan fenomenologi ini menghimpun data 18 orang …

Penggugusan Provinsi Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Kondisi Kesehatan, Sabarinah Prasetyo, Iwan Ariawan, Fitra Yelda

Kesmas

Untuk melaksanakan penelitian di Indonesia yang dapat mewakili 33 provinsi, sampling bertahap banyak dilakukan, dan tahap awalnya adalah memilih provinsi. Pada penelitian bidang kesehatan, agar provinsi terpilih mewakili kondisi kesehatan penduduk Indonesia, seyogyanya provinsi dikelompokkan berdasarkan variabel terkait kesehatan. Untuk itu, secara statistik dapat dilakukan analisis gugus (cluster analysis) memakai data dari berbagai sumber, dengan 27 variabel mencakup prevalensi beberapa penyakit infeksi dan status gizi, akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, status demografi, indeks pembangunan manusia, dan aspek keuangan. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 gugus provinsi di Indonesia, pada masing-masing gugus terdapat sebanyak 4, 8, 7, dan 14 provinsi. Proses penggugusan …

Tingkat Pencahayaan Perpustakaan Di Lingkungan Universitas Indonesia, Hendra Hendra, Sekar Tina, Amah Majidah

Kesmas

Pencahayaan di perpustakaan merupakan aspek penting dalam menunjang aktivitas mahasiswa dan pegawai. Kondisi pencahayaan yang tidak memenuhi standar dapat mengganggu aktivitas dan menyebabkan keluhan kesehatan khususnya kelelahan mata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian tingkat pencahayaan di ruang perpustakaan yang ada di lingkungan UI. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain evaluasi dengan membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan standar serta melakukan analisis terhadap kondisi lingkungan, respons subjektif pengguna, dan keluhan kelelahan mata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian pencahayaan di perpustakaan berkisar antara 0% sampai 100%. Sebagian besar pencahayaan mempunyai tingkat kesesuaian antara 30% sampai 60%. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh distribusi pencahayaan yang kurang baik karena …

Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang Optimal Untuk Identifikasi Sindrom Metabolik Pada Populasi Perkotaan Di Indonesia, Krisnawaty Bantas, Hari Koesnanto Yoseph, Budi Moelyono

Kesmas

Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalah suatu kombinasi gangguan medis yang meningkatkan risiko diabetes tipe 2 dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Salah satu kriteria sindrom metabolik adalah obesitas sentralis. Beberapa sumber mendefinisikan sindrom metabolik menggunakan ukuran lingkar pinggang yang berbeda yang belum tentu sesuai apabila diterapkan untuk populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat nilai titik potong lingkar pinggang yang optimal sebagai salah satu kriteria SM yang sesuai dengan antropometri populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia 2007. Sampel terdiri dari 13.262 orang berusia diatas 15 tahun pria dan wanita tidak hamil. Sebagai variabel dependen …

Faktor Lingkungan Dan Perilaku Masyarakat Tentang Malaria Di Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang, Karolus Ngambut, Oktafianus Sila

Kesmas

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat tentang malaria di Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang. Dengan desain studi potong lintang, populasi penelitian adalah seluruh rumah tangga di Kecamatan Kupang Timur dengan metode simple random sampling dan diperoleh 185 rumah tangga yang dijadikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalens malaria klinis adalah 108 (14,4%) pada satu tahun terakhir. Gambaran faktor lingkungan rumah penderita malaria yaitu dinding rumah terbuat dari bebak dan papan masing-masing 43,6% dan 7,9%. Selain itu, atap rumah terbuat dari alang-alang atau daun lontar (21,1%). Sementara letak rumah dekat dengan breding places nyamuk anopheles, yaitu sawah dan …

Evaluasi Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Paru Di Kabupaten Boyolali, Wiwit Aditama, Zulfikar Zulfikar, Baning R.

Kesmas

Penanggulangan tuberkulosis di Indonesia mengalami banyak kemajuan, bahkan hampir mendekati target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), yakni 222 per 100.000 penduduk. Namun, angka penemuan kasus tuberkulosis (TB) di Jawa Tengah hingga 2008 mencapai 48%, kurang 22% dari standar yang ditetapkan WHO (70%). Angka penemuan kasus terendah adalah di Kabupaten Boyolali yang pada periode 2004 – 2008 mengalami penurunan dari 24,60% menjadi 20,0%. Angka kesembuhan TB paru 66,67% belum mencapai target (85%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan program penanggulangan TB paru dari aspek input, proses, dan output di Kabupaten Boyolali Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2009. Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan di …

Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Di Jawa Barat, Yeni Mahwati

Kesmas

Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dapat menyelamatkan perempuan dari komplikasi berat dan kematian selama kehamilan, persalinan, dan pasca persalinan. Faktor sosial, manfaat/kebutuhan yang dirasakan, serta aksesibilitas ekonomi dan fisik berkontribusi langsung terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor sosial, kebutuhan, serta aksesibilitas ekonomi dan fisik yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan ibu di Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah data sekunder hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010 pada perempuan usia 15 – 59 tahun yang pernah menikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bivariat dan multivariat. Kedua hasil analisis menegaskan bahwa faktor sosial, kebutuhan yang dirasakan, serta aksesibilitas ekonomi …

Sexual Orientation And Functional Pain In U.S. Young Adults: The Mediating Role Of Childhood Abuse, Andrea L. Roberts, Margaret Rosario, Heather L. Corliss, David Wypij, Jennifer R. Lightdale, S. Bryn Austin

Publications and Research

Objective: Pain without known pathology, termed ‘‘functional pain,’’ causes much school absenteeism, medication usage, and medical visits. Yet which adolescents are at risk is not well understood. Functional pain has been linked to childhood abuse, and sexual orientation minority youth (gay, lesbian, bisexual, ‘‘mostly heterosexual,’’ and heterosexual with same-sex sexual contact) are more likely to be victims of childhood abuse than heterosexuals, thus may be at greater risk of functional pain.

Methods: We examined sexual orientation differences in past-year prevalence of functional headache, pelvic, and abdominal pain and multiple sites of pain in 9,864 young adults (mean age = …

Weight Stigma In Maternity Care: Women’S Experiences And Care Providers’ Attitudes, Kate Mulherin, Yvette D. Miller, Fiona Kate Barlow, Phillippa C. Diedrichs, Rachel Thompson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Weight stigma is pervasive in Western society and in healthcare settings, and has a negative impact on victims' psychological and physical health. In the context of an increasing focus on the management of overweight and obese women during and after pregnancy in research and clinical practice, the current studies aimed to examine the presence of weight stigma in maternity care. Addressing previous limitations in the weight stigma literature, this paper quantitatively explores the presence of weight stigma from both patient and care provider perspectives. Study One investigated associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and experiences of maternity care from …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• JPHCOPH Examines Impact of Economic Recession

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• JPHCOPH Examines Impact of Economic Recession

Indicators Of Family Care For Development For Use In Multicountry Surveys, Patricia Kariger, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Patrice Engle, Pia M. Rebello Britto, Sara M. Sywulka, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of …

Commentary: Models Of Dissemination And Implementation In Public Health, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

As public health researchers and public health practitioners, we need to become much more skilled in applying dissemination and implementation models within our research designs and within our delivery systems if we want the accumulating scientific knowledge to result in improvements in population health. Many of our standard public health tools can be affective in facilitating D&I – regulation, education, measurement and reporting, peer pressure, social media, and economic incentives – but context really matters. The basic message behind this article is clear: choose your D&I model carefully and strategically to maximize the likelihood of success.

Models In Dissemination And Implementation Research: Useful Tools In Public Health Services And Systems Research, Rachel G. Tabak, Elaine C. Khoong, David Chambers, Ross C. Brownson

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science seeks to understand how to systematically facilitate utilization of evidence. Theories and frameworks (hereafter called models) augment D&I research by enhancing efforts to spread evidence-based interventions (EBIs). D&I models are relevant for public health services and systems research, which also explores the uses of evidence. This report: 1) develops an inventory of models; 2) synthesizes this information; and 3) provides guidance on how to select a model. The research team used snowball sampling to collect models. This article uses three author-defined variables: construct flexibility, focus on dissemination and/or implementation activities, and socio-ecological framework level to …

A Patient-Centered Approach For Evaluating Public Health Roles Within Systems Of Care For Children With Special Healthcare Needs, Danielle M. Varda, Ayelet Talmi

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Despite the apparent success that local and state health departments have had integrating a public health approach to provide programs and services for families with children who have complex health needs, there continues to be mixed results in terms of satisfaction and degree of support from this system. Current evaluations collect performance data from system stakeholders, rarely including the patient perspective. Examining the system holistically using Social Network Analysis, to include both the stakeholder and patient perspectives of how well the system is functioning affords greater understanding of how a public health approach to systems of care leads to more …

Commentary: Changing The Channel: Public Health Communication In The 21st Century, Anna Goodman Hoover

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

This commentary asserts the need for research examining the use and efficacy of social media as a tool for meeting public health stakeholders’ information needs. The author points to several potential research questions for the field, situates studies addressing these questions within the PHSSR Research Agenda, and introduces the work of Harris et al. that is included in this issue of Frontiers. The commentary closes with a call for horizontal stakeholder communication that supports evidence-based decision-making.

Social Media Adoption In Health Departments Nationwide: The State Of The States, Jenine K. Harris, Doneisha Snider, Nancy Mueller

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Web-based social media sites are increasingly being used by the public to find and share health information. Public health organizations, including state health departments (SHDs), have begun adopting social media to disseminate health information to consumers. The purpose of this study was to examine adoption patterns and characteristics associated with social media adoption in SHDs across the U.S. In early 2012, we used web searches to identify which SHDs had adopted Facebook or Twitter and the adoption date. Adoption of social media has grown steadily since 2008, with 28 SHDs using Facebook and 41 using Twitter as of February 2012. …

Commentary: Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Laura L. Hitchcock

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison of Schedule H and State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Rosenbaum et aldescribe the numerous variations between current state law in 24 states and federal requirements regarding nonprofit hospitals’ community benefit activities. The potential for nonprofit hospitals to help shape community health is great, and how states choose to address requirements regarding community benefit, and potentially reinforce the new federal requirements to incentivize hospital participation in addressing root causes of poor health, should be of significant interest to the public, policy makers and public and population health experts, given the large percentage of …

Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Sara Rosenbaum, Maureen Byrnes, Amber M. Rieke

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) revises federal tax exemption standards for nonprofit hospitals by clarifying and augmenting their community benefit obligations. The ACA amendments followed the 2009 launch of Schedule H – the form on which hospital community benefit, financial, and institutional activities are reported and which must be appended to each facility’s annual Form 990 nonprofit institution information return. Schedule H effectively creates a nationwide, standardized, facility-specific, transparent, and fully publicly accessible reporting system covering the nation’s more than 2,900 nonprofit hospitals. Schedule H delineates financial assistance and bad debt, and requires identification of community health …

Carrots, Sticks And False Carrots: How High Should Weight Control Wellness Incentives Be? Findings From A Population-Level Experiment, Harald Schmidt

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Employers are increasingly using wellness incentives, including penalties for unhealthy behavior. Survey data suggests that people are willing to accept the principle of penalizing those perceived to take health risks, but the equally relevant question of the magnitude of acceptable penalties is unclear.

While the principle of penalizing overweight and obese people has some support, findings from a population-level experiment (n=1,000) suggest that the acceptable size of penalties is comparatively small, around $50: more than 10-fold below levels favored by advocates. Reward-based incentives are favored over penalty-based ones by a factor of 4. Of two different ways of framing penalty …

Learning By Doing For Public Health Improvement, Glen P. Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

All too often, the knowledge gained through learning-by-doing in public health fails to be fully harvested and disseminated because of missed opportunities to carefully study the experiences and innovations occurring in practice. The field of public health services and systems research (PHSSR) has emerged to capitalize on these opportunities before they are missed.

Can Changes In Angiogenic Biomarkers Between The First And Second Trimesters Of Pregnancy Predict Development Of Pre-Eclampsia In A Low-Risk Nulliparous Patient Population?, Leslie Myatt, Rebecca G. Clifton, J. M. Roberts, Catherine Y. Spong, Ronald J. Wapner, +10 Additional Authors

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE:

To determine if change in maternal angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters predicts pre-eclampsia in low-risk nulliparous women.

DESIGN:

A nested case-control study of change in maternal plasma soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and placenta growth factor (PlGF). We studied 158 pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and 468 normotensive nonproteinuric controls.

SETTING:

A multicentre study in 16 academic medical centres in the USA.

POPULATION:

Low-risk nulliparous women.

METHODS:

Luminex assays for PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng performed on maternal EDTA plasma collected at 9-12, 15-18 and 23-26 weeks of gestation. Rate of change of analyte between first and …

Motivational Interviewing Targeting Risk Behaviors For Youth Living With Hiv In Thailand, Chokechai Rongkavilit, Sylvie Naar-King, Bo Wang, Apirudee Panthong, Torsak Bunupuradah, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Supalak Phonphithak, Juline A. Koken, Pichai Saengcharnchai, Praphan Phanuphak

Publications and Research

Healthy Choices, a four-session motivational interviewing-based intervention, reduces risk behaviors among US youth living with HIV (YLWH). We randomized 110 Thai YLWH (16–25 years) to receive either Healthy Choices or time-matched health education (Control) over 12 weeks. Risk behaviors were assessed at baseline, 1, and 6 months post-session. The pilot study was not powered for between-group differences; there were no statistical differences in sexual risks, alcohol use, and antiretroviral adherence between the two groups at any visit. In within-group analyses, Healthy Choices group demonstrated decreases in the proportion of HIV-negative partners (20 vs 8.2 %, P = 0.03) and HIV …

Semi-Truck Driver Dies After Being Struck By Flatbed Driver In Crossover Collision, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the winter of 2011, a 46-year-old semi-truck driver (D1) hauling a flatbed trailer was traveling north in the right lane on a four lane interstate. Several minutes ahead of the semi was a pickup truck hauling an extension ladder that fell out onto the northbound travel lanes. A car behind the pickup swerved to avoid the falling ladder. Other cars swerved to avoid the ladder. The semi came upon the ladder and swerving cars. To avoid striking the cars and ladder, the semi driver swerved to the right, over-corrected to the left, drove across the northbound lanes, over a …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Examines Self-Injury

Family Caregivers: The Primary Providers Of Assistance To People With Functional Limitations And Chronic Impairments, Carol O'Shaughnessy

National Health Policy Forum

An extensive body of research conducted over the past several decades has documented that family or other unpaid caregivers provide the majority of care to people who need assistance because of functional limitations or multiple and complex chronic conditions. Families play a central role not only in assisting impaired family members with personal care needs, but also in helping them coordinate health care and supportive services, and, increasingly, providing and/or supervising home-based medical care. This paper presents background information on family caregiving, briefly describes federal programs that provide direct assistance to caregivers, and discusses possible future policy and practice directions.

Ihoc Summary For Providers - Improving Health Outcomes For Children In Maine And Vermont, Joanie Klayman Lcsw, Amy Dix, Kevin S. Flanigan Md

Population Health & Health Policy

In February 2010, Maine and Vermont were awarded a five-year child health quality improvement grant. The project focuses on using quality measures and information technology to improve health outcomes for children. The goal is to improve timely access to quality care for children who are insured by Medicaid.

Public Health Expenditures, Public Health Delivery Systems, And Population Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This seminar examines a series of approaches for estimating the health and economic effects attributable to public health expenditures in the U.S., along with a novel method for estimating economies of scale and scope in the delivery of public health services. The use of instrumental-variables techniques and network analytic methods are described in these research approaches.

Iud Discontinuation Rates, Switching Behavior, And User Satisfaction: Findings From A Retrospective Analysis Of A Mobile Outreach Service Program In Pakistan, Syed Khurram Azmat, Waqas Hameed, Ghulam Mustafa, Wajahat Hussain, Aftab Ahmed, Mohsina Bilgrami

Community Health Sciences

Background: In Pakistan, the uptake rate for the intrauterine device (IUD) is very low at 2.5%. The most popular modern contraceptive methods in Pakistan are female sterilization and use of condoms. The Marie Stopes Society established its mobile outreach service delivery program with the aim of increasing use of modern quality contraceptive services, including the long-term reversible IUD, by women living in hard-to-reach areas. The present study attempts to assess IUD discontinuation rates and associated factors, including switching behavior and level of satisfaction with this type of service delivery.
Methods: Using a cross-sectional approach, we contacted 681 women who had …