Public Health Commons^™

Shifts In The Architecture Of The Nationwide Health Information Network, L. Lenert, D. Sundwall, Michael E. Lenert

Media Studies

In the midst of a US $30 billion USD investment in the Nationwide Health Information Network (NwHIN) and electronic health records systems, a significant change in the architecture of the NwHIN is taking place. Prior to 2010, the focus of information exchange in the NwHIN was the Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO). Since 2010, the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) has been sponsoring policies that promote an internetlike architecture that encourages point to-point information exchange and private health information exchange networks. The net effect of these activities is to undercut the limited business model for RHIOs, decreasing the likelihood …

Patient Engagement: Patients As Partners In Their Own Health Care, Nancy L. Falk, Mary Jean Schumann

Nursing Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Increased Prevalence Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization In Household Contacts Of Children With Community Acquired Disease, Yaseen Rafee, Nahed Abdel-Haq, Basim Asmar, Tanaz Salimnia, Celine Pharm, Michael J. Rybak Pharm, Muhammad Amjad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To measure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization prevalence in household contacts of children with current community associated (CA)-MRSA infections (study group) in comparison with a group of household contacts of children without suspected Staphylococcus aureus infection (a control group).

Methods

This is a cross sectional study. Cultures of the anterior nares were taken. Relatedness of isolated strains was tested using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results

The prevalence of MRSA colonization in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (18/77 (23%) vs 3/77 (3.9%); p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of SA colonization was …

The Cyclin-Like Protein Spy1/Ringo Promotes Mammary Transformation And Is Elevated In Human Breast Cancer, Mohammad Al Sorkhy, Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo, Espanta Jalili, Agnes Malysa, Andreea R. Fratiloiu, Bonnie F. Sloane, Lisa A. Porter

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Spy1 is a novel 'cyclin-like' activator of the G1/S transition capable of enhancing cell proliferation as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Spy1 protein levels are tightly regulated during normal mammary development and forced overexpression in mammary mouse models accelerates mammary tumorigenesis.

Methods

Using human tissue samples, cell culture models and in vivo analysis we study the implications of Spy1 as a mediator of mammary transformation and breast cancer proliferation.

Results

We demonstrate that this protein can facilitate transformation in a manner dependent upon the activation of the G2/M Cdk, Cdk1, and the subsequent inhibition of the anti-apoptotic regulator FOXO1. …

Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems Assessment Training, William Brazile, Daniel Autenrieth, Del Sandfort

Safety Health & Industrial Hygiene

An occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) is required for all Federal agencies by Executive Order 12196 – Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees. Development of the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Assessment Training Manual was supported jointly by the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The manual was designed to be used in the training of government personnel on how to assess the OHSMS of Federal establishments and agencies. The manual is organized sequentially through each step in the process of conducting an OHSMS assessment. Trainees start …

Effects Of Standard Labor-Wear On Swimming And Treading Water, John Amtmann, Edd, Les Harris, William K. Spath, Charles Todd, Phd

Applied Health Sciences

We tested the hypothesis that occupational clothing would impair performance during swimming. The sub questions included: (1) Will the standard work wear of a railway worker or laborer impede swimming ability? (2) Will this clothing impact the individual’s ability to tread water? We addressed the research questions with three hypotheses. Analysis showed statistically significant p-values and all three null hypotheses were rejected in favor of the three research hypotheses, showing strong evidence that standard labor wear had adverse effects on 11.43 meter/12.5 yard swim time, water treading time and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during water treading. The mean swim …

Correlation Of Discharge Diagnostic Codes With Laboratory-Confirmed Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infections At A Large Pediatric Hospital, Andrew J. Kreppel

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-specific hospital discharge codes were introduced in October 2008. The purpose of this project is to study the correlation of these codes with laboratory-proven pediatric MRSA bloodstream infections.

Methods: Laboratory and discharge databases were used to identify patientsChildren’s Hospital Medical Center from October 2008 through December 2010 with MRSA bloodstream infections. The laboratory database identified patients with a positive blood culture for MRSA, and the discharge database identified patients with an MRSA bloodstream discharge code (038.12 for MRSA sepsis or 041.12 for MRSA infection with either 790.7 for bacteremia or 771.81 for newborn sepsis or 771.83 …

Impact Of Antiviral Treatment And Hospital Admission Delay On Risk Of Death Associated With 2009 A/H1n1 Pandemic Influenza In Mexico, Gerardo Chowell, Cecile Viboud, Lone Simonsen, Mark A. Miller, Santiago Echevarría-Zuno, Margotx González-León, Víctor H. Borja Aburto

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background

Increasing our understanding of the factors affecting the severity of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in different regions of the world could lead to improved clinical practice and mitigation strategies for future influenza pandemics. Even though a number of studies have shed light into the risk factors associated with severe outcomes of 2009 A/H1N1 influenza infections in different populations (e.g., [1-5]), analyses of the determinants of mortality risk spanning multiple pandemic waves and geographic regions are scarce. Between-country differences in the mortality burden of the 2009 pandemic could be linked to differences in influenza case management, underlying population health, …

Fusion, 2012, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Reasons For Low Pandemic H1n1 2009 Vaccine Acceptance Within A College Sample, Russell D. Ravert, Linda Y. Fu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study examined health beliefs associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) immunization among US college undergraduates during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Undergraduates (ages 18–24 years) from a large Midwestern University were invited to complete an online survey during March, 2010, five months after H1N1 vaccines became available. Survey items measured H1N1 vaccine history and H1N1-related attitudes based on the health belief literature. Logistic regression was used to identify attitudes associated with having received an H1N1 vaccine, and thematic analysis of student comments was conducted to further understand influences on vaccine decisions. Among the 296 students who participated in the survey, 15.2% …

Mood Management Intervention For College Smokers With Elevated Depressive Symptoms: A Pilot Study, Holly E. Schleicher, Kari J. Harris, Duncan G. Campbell, Solomon W. Harrar

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective

This pilot study examined smoking reduction and cessation among college smokers with elevated depressive symptomatology participating in a group-based behavioral counseling, mood management, and motivational enhancement combined intervention (CBT).

Participants & Methods

Fifty-eight smokers (smoked ≥ 6 days in the past 30) were randomized to six sessions of CBT (n=29) or a nutrition-focused attention-matched control group (CG, n=29).

Results

Relative to CG participants, significantly more CBT participants reduced smoking intensity by 50% (χ2(1, N=58)=4.86, p=.028) at end of treatment. Although CBT participants maintained smoking reductions at 3- and 6-month follow-up, group differences were no longer significant. No group differences …

Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccination And Influenza Vaccination Of Pregnant And Postpartum Women, Colleen M. Mccormick

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction: Infants ≤2 months are at greatest risk for morbidity/mortality from pertussis. Tdap vaccines given in late pregnancy or postpartum can protect infants from pertussis. Pregnancy increases risks for maternal and perinatal complications. Influenza vaccine (FLUV) given in pregnancy can protect women and newborns.

Objectives: To determine Tdap and FLUV rates in pregnant and postpartum patients and identify factors associated with vaccination.

Methods: Miami Valley Hospital delivery records from 01/2009-12/2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Data reviewed included age, insurance, race/ethnicity, and county of residence. Descriptive statistics analyzed prevalence of immunization, timing, and demographics. Chi-square and odds ratios detected differences between characteristics. …

Community Benefit Report For 2012, Children's Mercy Hospital

Community Benefits

Fiscal year report on the community benefits provided by Children's Mercy Kansas City to the communities in the Kansas City region.

Quitline Fax Referrals – Increasing Enrollment And Outcomes, Alice Dalla-Palu Mpa, Ctts-M, Cac, Jeanne Fignar Aas, Patricia Lavan Rdh, Ba, Kayshin Chan Mph

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life Of Families With Children Who Have Severe Developmental Disabilities: A Comparison Based On Child Residence, Joni Taylor Mcfelea, Sharon Raver

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

This study measured the quality of life of two groups of families with children who had severe developmental disabilities-families whose child lived at home and families whose child lived in a residential facility. Participants were 54 primary caregivers of children who had severe intellectual disabilities and who lacked the ability to both ambulate without assistance and communicate conversationally. Participants completed the "Family Quality of Life Scale" (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers, & Turnbull, 2006). Analyses revealed that both groups rated their family quality of life (FQOL) as exemplary. FQOL was higher in the family home group than in the residential facility …

Patent Landscape Of Influenza A Virus Prophylactic Vaccines And Related Technologies, Jon R. Cavicchi, Stanley P. Kowalski, David L. Pflugh, Jeremy Barton, Jeffrey Janovetz, John Schroeder

Law Faculty Scholarship

Executive Summary: This report focuses on patent landscape analysis of technologies related to prophylactic vaccines targeting pandemic strains of influenza. These technologies include methods of formulating vaccine, methods of producing of viruses or viral subunits, the composition of complete vaccines, and other technologies that have the potential to aid in a global response to this pathogen. The purpose of this patent landscape study was to search, identify, and categorize patent documents that are relevant to the development of vaccines that can efficiently promote the development of protective immunity against pandemic influenza virus strains.

The search strategy used keywords which the …

From Service Provision To Function Based Performance - Perspectives On Public Health Systems From The Usa And Israel, F. Douglas Scutchfield, Ehud Miron, Richard Ingram

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

If public health agencies are to fulfill their overall mission, they need to have defined measurable targets and should structure services to reach these targets, rather than offer a combination of ill-targeted programs. In order to do this, it is essential that there be a clear definition of what public health should do- a definition that does not ebb and flow based upon the prevailing political winds, but rather is based upon professional standards and measurements.

The establishment of the Essential Public Health Services framework in the U.S.A. was a major move in that direction, and the model, or revisions …

Trust In Government And Support For Governmental Regulation: The Case Of Electronic Health Records, Mitchel Herian, Nancy C. Shank, Tarik Abdel-Monem

University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications

Background — This paper presents results from a public engagement effort in Nebraska, USA, which measured public opinions about governmental involvement in encouraging the use of electronic health records (EHRs).

Objective — We examine the role of trust in government in contributing to public support for government involvement in the development of EHR technologies. We hypothesize that trust in government will lead to support for federal and state governmental encouragement of the use of EHRs among doctors and insurance companies. Further, because individual experiences with health-care professionals will reduce perceptions of risk, we expect that support for governmental involvement will …

Needs Assessment For The Mobile Health Clinic Of The Sukhdev Raj Soin Hospital, Luke Rothermel

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

India has an established system of medical and public health services to provide care to all citizens through a government‐run network of providers and infrastructure. That system, though, is constrained by socio‐economic limitations, a booming population, and the cultural variations of its population. In addition to the public efforts to provide health care, the private sector has grown to serve a large portion of the population. Many of these private initiatives are found in urban areas where the potential for financial gain are great, but others have spread into semi‐urban areas and villages to serve the more rural populations. The …

Prevention Education Effects On Fundamental Memory Processes, Susan L. Ames, Marvin D. Krank, Jerry L. Grenard, Steve Sussman, Alan W. Stacy

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This study evaluated effects of a key session from a nationally recognized drug abuse prevention program on basic memory processes in 211 high-risk youth in Southern California. In a randomized, between-subject design, the authors manipulated assignment to a Myth and Denial program session and the time of assessment (immediate vs. 1-week delay). The authors examined program decay effects on memory accessibility and judgment errors. Those participants exposed to the program session generated more myths and facts from the program than those in the control group, suggesting that even a single program session influenced students’ memory for program information and this …

Pursuing High Performance In Rural Health Care, A. Clinton Mackinney Md, Ms, Keith J. Mueller Phd, Andrew F. Coburn Phd, Jennifer P. Lundblad Phd, Mba, Timothy D. Mcbride Phd, Sidney D. Watson Jd

Health System Reform

Rural Futures Lab Foundation Papers are intended to present current thinking on the economic drivers and opportunities that will shape the future of rural America. They provide the foundation upon which it will be possible to answer the question that drives the Lab’s work—What has to happen today in order to achieve positive rural outcomes tomorrow?

Community Member Perspectives From Transgender Women And Men Who Have Sex With Men On Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis As An Hiv Prevention Strategy: Implications For Implementation, Gabriel R. Galindo, Ja'nina Walker Ph.D., Patrick Hazelton, Tim Lane, Wayne T. Steward, Stephen F. Morin, Emily A. Arnold

Psychology

Background: An international randomized clinical trial (RCT) on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevention intervention found that taken on a daily basis, PrEP was safe and effective among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women. Within the context of the HIV epidemic in the United States (US), MSM and transgender women are the most appropriate groups to target for PrEP implementation at the population level; however, their perspectives on evidenced-based biomedical research and the results of this large trial remain virtually unknown. In this study, we examined the acceptability of individual daily use …

A Novel Tool For Assessing And Summarizing The Built Environment, Gretchen L. Kroeger, Lynne C. Messer, Sharon E. Edwards, Marie Lynn Miranda

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: A growing corpus of research focuses on assessing the quality of the local built environment and also examining the relationship between the built environment and health outcomes and indicators in communities. However, there is a lack of research presenting a highly resolved, systematic, and comprehensive spatial approach to assessing the built environment over a large geographic extent. In this paper, we contribute to the built environment literature by describing a tool used to assess the residential built environment at the tax parcel-level, as well as a methodology for summarizing the data into meaningful indices for linkages with health data. …

Treatment Of Burns With Burns & Wounds (B & W) Ointment And Leaf Therapy, Maria E. Main, Deborah Williams, M. Susan Jones

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Antibiotics For Leptospirosis, David Brett-Major, Rodney Coldren

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis has a wide-ranging clinical and public health impact. Leptospira are globally distributed. Case attack rates are as high as 1:4 to 2:5 persons in exposed populations. In some settings mortality has exceeded 10% of infected people. The benefit of antibiotic therapy in the disease has been unclear.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterise the risks and benefits associated with use of antibiotic therapy in the management of leptospirosis.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded …

Victimization From Bullying Among School-Attending Adolescents In Grades 7 To 10 In Zambia, Seter Siziya, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Adamson S. Muula

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background:

Among school- attending adolescents, victimization from bullying is associated with anxiety, depression and poor academic performance. There are limited reports on victimization from bullying in Zambia; we therefore conducted this study to determine the prevalence and correlates for victimization from bullying among adolescents in grades 7 to 10 in the country in order to add information on the body of knowledge on victimization from bullying.

Methods:

The 2004 Zambia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) data among adolescents in grades 7 to 10 were obtained from the World Health Organization. We estimated the prevalence of victimization from bullying. We also …

Chhs January 2012 E-Newsletter, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Vashon S. Wells, Editor, Wku College Of Health & Human Services

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

Community Psychology In Australia, Ken Robinson Dr, Lynne Cohen, Julie Dean, Heather Gridley, Rebecca Hogea, Emma Sampson, Anne Sibbel, Colleen Turner

ECU Research Week

No abstract provided.

Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Year Two Outcome Evaluation Report For The Southern Nevada Health District, Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy, Southern Nevada Health District, Dawn Davidson, Tara Phebus, Alyson Baker

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

In the fall of 2010 the Southern Nevada Health District (SNHD) was awarded funding from the Federal Office of Adolescent Health to implement an evidence based teen pregnancy prevention curriculum. They have partnered with the Department of Juvenile Justice Services and the Clark County Department of Family Services to offer this curriculum to the youth in juvenile detention, probation, and life skills classes for youth aging out of the foster care system. The Nevada Institute for Children’s Research and Policy (NICRP) has been contracted to complete the outcome evaluation for this program and is collecting data to help measure the …

Power, Race, And The Neglect Of Science: The Hiv Epidemics In Sub-Saharan Africa, Eileen Stillwaggon, Larry Sawers

Economics Faculty Publications

This work addresses racial stereotyping and the effect it has in distorting AIDS policy for sub-Saharan Africa.