Public Health Commons^™

Improved Cardiac Management With A Disease Management Program Incorporating Comprehensive Lipid Profiling., John F Mcana, Neil I Goldfarb, Joseph Couto, Michelle A Henry, Gary Piefer, George M Rapier

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the improved effectiveness of a disease management treatment protocol incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling and targeted lipid care based on lipid profile findings in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) enrolled in a managed care plan. This retrospective cohort study, conducted over a 2-year period, compared outcomes between patients with a standard lipid profile to those evaluated with a comprehensive lipid profile. All adult members of the WellMed Medical Management, Inc. managed care health plan diagnosed with IHD or CHF, and continuously enrolled between July 1, 2006 and …

Health Status, Service Use And Cost Among Mainecare Children In Foster Care, Erika C. Ziller Phd, Tina Gressani, Catherine Mcguire Bs, Kimberley S. Fox Mpa, Kyra Chamberlain Ms, Rn

Population Health & Health Policy

The purpose of this study was to inform IHOC program planning with baseline data on the health care use and expenditures of MaineCare children in the foster care program in general and to compare use and costs for foster care children that receive comprehensive health assessments through the Edmund N. Ervin Pediatric Center’s Pediatric Rapid Evaluation Program (PREP), and those that do not. In 2011, other organizations including Key Clinic at Penobscot Pediatrics in Bangor and the Portland-based Spurwink Services program also began conducting comprehensive health assessments for children in foster care. However, because of the timing of this study, …

Insights From "Creating The Healthcare Workforce For The 21(St) Century" Conference., Amanda R Solis

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Increasing Consumer Involvement In Medicaid Nursing Facility Reimbursement: Lessons From New York And Minnesota, Edward Alan Miller, Cynthia Rudder

Gerontology Institute Publications

Medicaid is the major purchaser of nursing home care in the United States. States design their methods of reimbursing nursing homes to achieve desired policy objectives related to facility cost and quality, access to care, payment equity, service capacity, and budgetary control. The incorporation of multiple, sometimes conflicting incentives into state reimbursement systems has resulted in enormously complex and demanding methodologies that inhibit consumer participation in state rating setting decisions. In turn, the lack of consumer involvement has the potential to result in the adoption of reimbursement systems that favor industry and government interests at the expense of issues important …

Comparing The Validity Of 2 Physical Activity Questionnaire Formats In African-American And Hispanic Women, Louise C. Mâsse, Janet E. Fulton, Kathleen B. Watson, Susan Tortolero, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Michael C. Meyers, Steven N. Blair, William W. Wong

Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of 2 physical activity questionnaire formats - one that lists activities (Checklist questionnaire) and one that assesses overall activities (Global questionnaire) by domain.

Methods: Two questionnaire formats were validated among 260 African-American and Hispanic women (age 40-70) using 3 validation standards: 1) accelerometers to validate activities of ambulation; 2) diaries to validate physical activity domains (occupation, household, exercise, yard, family, volunteer/church work, and transportation); and 3) doubly-labeled water to validate physical activity energy expenditure (DLW-PAEE).

Results: The proportion of total variance explained by the Checklist questionnaire was 38.4% with …

Hiv Testing In Women: Missed Opportunities, Wayne A. Duffus, Harley T. Davis, Michael D. Byrd, Khosrow Heidari, Terri G. Stephens, James J. Gibson

Faculty Publications

Objective: To investigate opportunities for early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing on women.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study design linked case reports from HIV surveillance to several statewide health-care databases. Medical encounters occurring before the first positive HIV test (missed opportunities) were categorized by diagnosis/procedure codes to distinguish visits that were likely to have prompted an HIV test. Women were categorized as late testers (AIDS diagnosis < 12 months from first HIV test date), non-late testers (no AIDS diagnosis during study period or diagnosis of AIDS > 12 months of HIV diagnosis), of reproductive age (13-44 years old), and not of reproductive age (> 44 years old). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate risk …

Hiv And Aids Education: The Tanzanian Case, Katherine Ellison

Social Sciences

This project takes a look at the cultural, religious, and socio-economic roles that affect the spread of education regarding HIV/AIDS in Tanzania. A personal experience in Zanzibar, Tanzania was the incentive to spark interest in teaching. HIV/AIDS is a powerful epidemic that has taken the lives away from millions. This article takes a deeper look at the transmission, stigmas, and pathways for change.

Improved Cardiac Management With A Disease Management Program Incorporating Comprehensive Lipid Profiling., John F Mcana, Neil I Goldfarb, Joseph Couto, Michelle A Henry, Gary Piefer, George M Rapier

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the improved effectiveness of a disease management treatment protocol incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling and targeted lipid care based on lipid profile findings in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) enrolled in a managed care plan. This retrospective cohort study, conducted over a 2-year period, compared outcomes between patients with a standard lipid profile to those evaluated with a comprehensive lipid profile. All adult members of the WellMed Medical Management, Inc. managed care health plan diagnosed with IHD or CHF, and continuously enrolled between July 1, 2006 …

Moving Physical Activity Beyond The School Classroom: A Social-Ecological Insight For Teachers Of The Facilitators And Barriers To Students' Non-Curricular Physical Activity, Brendon Hyndman, Amanda Telford, Caroline F. Finch, Amanda C. Benson

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Non-curricular avenues such as active play during school breaks have been established as a major source for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet there is little information for teachers on the influences affecting primary and secondary school students’ non-curricular physical activity. During this study focus groups and drawing were used to explore the broader influences on primary (n=47) and secondary (n=29) school students’ physical activity behaviour beyond the classroom. Barriers and facilitators to children’s physical activity were categorised using a multi-level social-ecological framework incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment and policy factors. Based on the drawings, comparisons between students’ existing play …

A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Of The Effects Of School, Community And Individual Factors On Substance Use Among Girls In Rural Counties, Taniesa Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Substance use among adolescent girls in the United States is increasing. In some regions substance use by rural adolescent girls exceeds that of its urban and suburban counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adequacy of constructs within Catalano, Hawkins, and the Social Development Research Group's (1996) social development model (SDM) as an empirical-based model pertaining to early adolescent girls' pathways to substance use by examining school, community, and individual risk and protective factors. Risk factors are defined as those traits, variables, or vulnerabilities that, if present for a particular individual, increase the likelihood of those individual …

Alternate Estrogen Receptors Promote Invasion Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells Via Non-Genomic Signaling, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Arnold M. Schwartz, Paul H. Levine, Rakesh Kumar

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Although Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and an aggressive type of locally advanced breast cancer with a generally worst prognosis, little work has been done in identifying the status of non-genomic signaling in the invasiveness of IBC. The present study was performed to explore the status of non-genomic signaling as affected by various estrogenic and anti-estrogenic agents in IBC cell lines SUM149 and SUM190. We have identified the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα) variant, ERα36 in SUM149 and SUM190 cells. This variant as well as ERβ was present in a substantial concentration in IBC cells. The treatment …

Counterpoint: The Insurance Institute For Highway Safety Study Actually Found Cities Using Red Light Cameras Had Higher Red Light Running Fatality Rates, Barbara Langland-Orban, Etienne E. Pracht, John T. Large

Florida Public Health Review

In February 2011, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) disseminated their research study that compared red light running traffic fatality rates between cities that implemented red light camera (RLC) programs with cities that did not. The IIHS researchers concluded cities that used RLCs had a significantly larger percentage reduction in both red light running (RLR) fatality rates and total fatality rates at signalized intersections. Because a previous IIHS study on RLCs was found to use flawed research methods, as well as to incorrectly report findings, the current IIHS RLC analysis is reviewed for adherence to scientific methods. Our review …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Post-Neonatal Mortality In Florida, Arlesia Mathis, Priscilla A. Barnes, Ramal Moonesinghe

Florida Public Health Review

This policy-related study examines primary care delivery methods in reducing population health disparities. We use post- neonatal mortality as an indicator ofpopulation health within counties to study the effects ofusing contracted service providers compared to direct provision of primary care by county health departments in improving health equity. We analyzed post- neonatal mortality data collected annually between 1997 and 2006 from ten ofFlorida’s most populous counties (>500,000). Using Poisson regression analyses with generalized estimating equations (GEE), we examined differences in post-neonatal mortality among racial and ethnic groups; and among counties and groups over time. The results show significant differences …

Systematic Review Of Peer Support For Breastfeeding Continuation: Metaregression Analysis Of The Effect Of Setting, Intensity, And Timing, Kate Jolly, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Khalid S. Khan, Jonathan J. Deeks, Nick Freemantle, Christine Macarthur

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of setting, intensity, and timing of peer support on breast feeding. DESIGN: Systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, the National Research Register, and British Nursing Index were searched from inception or from 1980 to 2011. Review methods Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently and in duplicate. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for individual studies and pooled. Effects were estimated for studies grouped according to setting (high income countries, low or middle income countries, and the United Kingdom), intensity …

A Spatial Cluster Analysis Of Tractor Overturns In Kentucky From 1960 To 2002, Daniel M. Saman, Henry P. Cole, Agricola Odoi, Melvin L. Myers, Daniel I. Carey, Susan C. Westneat

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Agricultural tractor overturns without rollover protective structures are the leading cause of farm fatalities in the United States. To our knowledge, no studies have incorporated the spatial scan statistic in identifying high-risk areas for tractor overturns. The aim of this study was to determine whether tractor overturns cluster in certain parts of Kentucky and identify factors associated with tractor overturns.

METHODS: A spatial statistical analysis using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic was performed to identify county clusters at greatest risk for tractor overturns. A regression analysis was then performed to identify factors associated with tractor overturns.

RESULTS: The spatial analysis …

Heavy Maternal Alcohol Consumption And Cerebral Palsy In The Offspring, Colleen M. O'Leary, Linda Watson, Heather D'Antoine, Fiona Stanley, Carol Bower

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association between heavy maternal alcohol consumption and pre- peri- and postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD The records of all mothers with an International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 or 10 (ICD-9 ⁄ -10) alcohol-related diagnostic code, indicating heavy alcohol consumption, recorded on population-based health, mental health, and drug and alcohol data sets from 1983 to 2007, and their children were identified through the Western Australian Data-linkage System. This ‘exposed’ cohort was frequency matched with mothers without an alcohol-related diagnosis and their offspring (comparison group). Cases of CP were identified …

Blunting The Legacy Of Alcohol Abuse In Western Australia, Tony Kirby

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.

Association Between Interpersonal Trust, Reciprocity, And Depression In South Korea: A Prospective Analysis, Seung-Sup Kim, Yeonseung Chung, Melissa J. Perry, Ichiro Kawachi, V. S. Subramanian

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that low-level social capital is related to poor mental health outcomes. However, the prospective association between social capital and depression remains unclear, and no published studies have investigated the association with longitudinal data in East-Asian countries.

Methods

We analyzed data from the ongoing Korean Welfare Panel Study to prospectively investigate association between social capital and depression. Social capital was measured at the individual level by two items specific to interpersonal trust and reciprocity. Depression was annually assessed as a dichotomous variable using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. After excluding participants …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Dr. Gulzar Shah at JPHCOPH

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Dr. Gulzar Shah at JPHCOPH

Perceived Discrimination And Self-Rated Health In South Korea: A Nationally Representative Survey, Seung-Sup Kim, David R. Williams

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

There is mounting evidence that discriminatory experiences can harm health. However, previous research has mainly focused on the health effects of racial discrimination in U.S. or European countries although there is pervasive discrimination by gender, age, education and other factors in Asian countries.

Methods

We analyzed the data from the 7th wave of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study to investigate the association between perceived discriminatory experience and poor self-rated health in South Korea. Perceived discriminatory experiences were measured in eight situations through a modified Experience of Discrimination questionnaire. In each of eight situations, the lifetime prevalence of perceived …

National Longitudinal Survey Of Public Health Systems: 2011-2012 Wave, Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks

Health Management and Policy Reports

Since 1998, researchers have followed a nationally representative cohort of U.S. communities to examine the types of public health activities performed within the community, the range of organizations contributing to each activity, and the perceived effectiveness of each activity in addressing community needs. This information, obtained through a validated survey of local public health officials, provides an in-depth view of the structure and function of local public health delivery systems and how these systems evolve over time. Originally conducted with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems (NLSPHS) was …

The Social Production Of Substance Abuse And Hiv/Hcv Risk: An Exploratory Study Of Opioid-Using Immigrants From The Former Soviet Union Living In New York City, Honoria Guarino, Sarah K. Moore, Lisa A. Marsch, Sal Florio

Dartmouth Scholarship

Several former Soviet countries have witnessed the rapid emergence of major epidemics of injection drug use (IDU) and associated HIV/HCV, suggesting that immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) may be at heightened risk for similar problems. This exploratory study examines substance use patterns among the understudied population of opioid-using FSU immigrants in the U.S., as well as social contextual factors that may increase these immigrants' susceptibility to opioid abuse and HIV/HCV infection. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 FSU immigrants living in New York City who initiated opioid use in adolescence or young adulthood, and with 6 drug treatment …

Pusey, William Allen, 1865-1940 (Sc 238), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 238. Chiefly letters from Dr. William Pusey’s widow to Mary T. Moore, Kentucky Library, Western Kentucky University, related to Dr. Pusey’s published works. Includes typescripts of letters commenting on Dr. Pusey’s efforts to prevent the spread of venereal diseases during World War I.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• American Statistical Association Announces the Karl E. Peace Award

Network Modulation During Complex Syntactic Processing, Dirk B. Den Ouden, Dorothee Saur, Wolfgang Mader, Björn Schelter, Sladjana Lukic, Eisha Wali, Jens Timmer, Cynthia K. Thompson

Faculty Publications

Complex sentence processing is supported by a left-lateralized network including inferior frontal cortex and posterior superior temporal cortex. This study investigates the pattern of connectivity and information flow within this network. We used fMRI BOLD data derived from 12 healthy participants reported in and earlier study (Thompson, C. K., Den Ouden, D. B., Bonakdarpour, B., Garibaldi, K. & Parrish, T. B. (2010b). Neural plasticity and treatment-induced recovery of sentence processing in agrammatism. Neuropsychologia, 48(11), 3211-3227) to identify activation peaks associated with object-cleft over syntactically less complex subject-cleft processing. Directed Partial Correlation Analysis was conducted on time series extracted from …

Analyzing Healthy Lifestyle Initiatives For Seniors: A Descriptive Study Of Senior Centers In Montgomery County, Ohio, Abhinav Rajpal

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The population of the elderly is expected to rise due to an increase in life expectancy and the aging baby boomer population. This increase in the elderly population will likely cause a burden on the health care system. This burden can be mitigated by promoting healthy lifestyles such as increased physical activity, healthy eating, and tobacco cessation in the elderly. Additionally, by participating in healthy behaviors, seniors can significantly improve their quality of life. Senior centers are at the forefront of promoting healthy lifestyles for the elderly. By promoting physical, social, and mental well-being, senior centers act as a focal …

Health Enhancing Policies And Environments In Select Montgomery County Senior Centers, Stacey L. Gardner

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

As the baby boomer generation reaches elderly status, healthcare expenditures in the United States continue to rise. Contributing to healthcare costs is the high prevalence of chronic diseases caused by unhealthy habits of Americans such as tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and consumption of a poor diet. Many chronic diseases can be prevented by engaging in healthier behaviors. Communities and organizations can shift social norms and affect behaviors through policy intervention and environmental strategies. The purpose of this study was to describe policies and environments that foster healthy lifestyles in select senior centers in Montgomery County, Ohio. Specifically, this …

Review Of Civil-Military Coordination In Local Disaster Response, Wilfredo J. Nieves

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Globally, disasters affect over 200 million people annually. Governments at all levels attempt to mitigate the effects of disasters by providing training and resources to responders in the event of a disaster. When the disaster is of sufficient magnitude, those that respond will require additional resources to adequately attend to disaster victims. County emergency managers assist in making needed additional resources available. Department of Defense (DoD) installations are sources where emergency management agency (EMA) directors may request assistance. The purpose of this research is to understand the resources legal authority available to civilian emergency managers of Ohio Counties in …

Atrazine Exposure In Public Drinking Water And Preterm Birth, Jessica L. Rinsky, Claudia Hopenhayn, Vijay Golla, Steven R. Browning, Heather M. Bush

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives

Approximately 13% of all births occur prior to 37 weeks gestation in the U.S. Some established risk factors exist for preterm birth, but the etiology remains largely unknown. Recent studies have suggested an association with environmental exposures. We examined the relationship between preterm birth and exposure to a commonly used herbicide, atrazine, in drinking water.

Methods

We reviewed Kentucky birth certificate data for 2004–2006 to collect duration of pregnancy and other individual-level covariates. We assessed existing data sources for atrazine levels in public drinking water for the years 2000–2008, classifying maternal county of residence into three atrazine exposure groups. …