Public Health Commons^™

Our Failure To Understand Mental Illness Has Debilitated Nearly 60 Million Americans, Alaina Bernard

UCF Forum

Abraham Lincoln, Ernest Hemingway, Robin Williams and Michelangelo are a few examples of brilliantly inspiring individuals who shaped our culture, artistry and society. Looking at this list of names, it is hard to see a connection between these unique individuals. The sad truth is that each one suffered from mental illness, a debilitating disease that disrupts one’s thinking, feelings and interactions with others.

Assessments Of The Extent To Which Health‐Care Providers Involve Patients In Decision Making: A Systematic Review Of Studies Using The Option Instrument, Nicolas Couët, Sophie Desroches, Hubert Robitaille, Hugues Vaillancourt, Annie Leblanc, Stéphane Turcotte, Glyn Elwyn, France Légaré

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: We have no clear overview of the extent to which health-care providers involve patients in the decision-making process during consultations. The Observing Patient Involvement in Decision Making instrument (OPTION) was designed to assess this. Objective: To systematically review studies that used the OPTION instrument to observe the extent to which health-care providers involve patients in decision making across a range of clinical contexts, including different health professions and lengths of consultation. We conducted online literature searches in multiple databases (2001-12) and gathered further data through networking.

A Meta-Analysis Of Crew Resource Management/Incident Command Systems Implementation Studies In The Fire And Emergency Services, John C. Griffith, Donna L. Roberts, Ronald T. Wakeham

Aviation / Aeronautics / Aerospace International Research Conference

The presentation will summarize a meta-analysis of studies on Crew Resource Management/Incident Command System implementation in the fire and emergency services. The need for using participative leadership tools such as CRM evolved from an NTSB recommendation that followed United Airlines Flight 173 crash in 1978. NASA, civilian and military aviation communities implemented Crew Resource Management (CRM) training to improve decisionmaking during flight operations. Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) was a variant of CRM and first appeared in a Federal Aviation Administration circular in 2000. CRM was adopted by the medical community in the 1990s, specifically in the surgical and nursing areas, …

Aca Implementation In The South: The Political Economy Of Full Participation In Kentucky, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This analysis, conducted as part of the ACA Implementation Research Network, examines economic and political forces shaping Kentucky's early experience with implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

The Effects Of Environmental Prompts On Stair Usage, Lori Andersen, Tim Bungum, Sheniz Moonie Phd

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Experts have advocated exercise with little success, and have turned to encouraging physical activity by incorporating it into daily activities such as taking the stairs over elevators. Much literature exists suggesting that environmental prompts can encourage the use of stairs and literature has established that some messages may be more effective than others. This study aimed to assess the effects of selected signage prompts on stair usage. Methods: Stair and elevator use were monitored in three, two-story buildings. One building served as a control, while a fitness message was placed in another building, and the final building received a weight …

Undergraduate Public Health Education: Is There An Ideal Curriculum?, Leonard H. Friedman, Joel M. Lee

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Environmental Health In Southern Nevada, Courtney Coughenour, Jennifer Pharr, Shawn Gerstenberger

Nevada Journal of Public Health

There are a multitude of environmental factors that influence public health. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the Southern Nevada community with respect to environmental conditions and health, including both positive and negative traits, and develop realistic goals and strategies aimed at improving these conditions. Southern Nevada is located in one of the most arid regions of North America. Since annual rainfall averages less than four inches per year, Southern Nevada depends upon the Colorado River for its water supply. It is predicted that water flow to the area will decrease by 5% to 20% by 2050. As …

Use Of Craigslist.Org To Hook Up: Age Differences In Sex Requests, Hiv Disclosure And Negotiated Safety Among Men-Seeking-Men, Kristen Clements-Nolle, Aliya Buttar, Lindsey Dermid-Gray, Tyler Peterson, Andrea Esp

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Data from 984 “men-seeking-men” Craigslist.org postings in five cities were analyzed to assess differences in sexual requests, HIV status disclosure, and negotiated safety between young (18-24 years) and older (25 years and older) men who have sex with men (MSM). Young MSM were less likely than older MSM to post their HIV status or the preferred status of a partner (p=0.04), disclose and/or request a partner who was disease and drug free (p=.01), and request use of a condom in their posting (p=0.01). Interventions aimed at changing the culture and content of postings on Craigslist.org by encouraging HIV status disclosure …

Community Health Indicators In Southern Nevada, Courtney Coughenour, Jennifer Pharr, Shawn Gerstenberger

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Community design and access to services are essential components of healthy and sustainable communities. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate Southern Nevada with respect to community design and access, including both positive and negative traits, and to suggest realistic changes that could be made to improve these conditions. The region’s network of parks and open space recreation areas is one of its strongest assets. Clark County enjoys over 42 million acres of federal and state lands which offer a large variety of recreational opportunities. The region has an extensive trail system, with a total of 179 miles of …

Effective Smoking Cessation Methods Among Smokers With Diabetes In Nv, Salome Kapella-Mshigeni, Eunice Kimunai, Peter Anderson, Elizabeth Fildes, Tam Villar

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Smoking and diabetes could both be prevented if individuals would abstain from smoking, eat healthy, and exercise regularly. Smokers with diabetes have an increased risk of serious health outcomes, hence effective smoking cessation interventions are critical. The transtheoretical model was used in this quantitative study analyzing secondary data from the state of Nevada Quitline to examine the relationships between smoking cessation method (counseling versus counseling and medication) and quitting smoking for 720 smokers with/without diabetes. Participants were Nevada residents, ages 18+, men and women, English or Spanish speakers. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and a test of two proportions were conducted. …

Education And Educational Attainment In Southern Nevada, Jennifer Pharr, Courtney Coughenour, Shawn Gerstenberger

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Failure to complete high school has a direct impact on a person’s earning potential and quality of life. Higher levels of education are associated with better health. Because of this association, it is important for children and adults to have access to quality education. The percentage of adults who have successfully pursued higher education in Southern Nevada is lower than the peer Mountain West metropolitan areas and the national average. Nevada high school graduation rates are the lowest in the nation. High school graduation rates and dropout rates vary by race/ethnicity in the Clark County School District. High school graduation …

Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts: What Have We Learned? Highlights From A Conversation Of Funders And Evaluators, Sumner M. Redstone Global Center For Prevention And Wellness

Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness

Table of contents:

Executive Summary

Introduction

State of the Obesity Epidemic

The Community Context for Interventions and Evaluations

Investments to Date: Where Is the Strongest Agreement About What Works?

Early Care and Education Environments

Schools/Learning Environments

Parks, Trails, Open Spaces, and Recreation

Land Use and Transportation

The Next Tier: Mixed or Promising Results for Healthy Food Retail Interventions

Implementing Interventions: The Crucial Role of "How"

Other Topics

Summary and Next Steps

Appendix A: Citations and Resources for Key Elements/Components

Using Payment Reform Strategies To Strengthen Family Planning Services At Community Health Centers, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Peter Shin, Susan F. Wood, Jessica Sharac

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

No abstract provided.

A Framework For Assessing The Impact Of Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Policies On Incentives To Innovate, Elizabeth Docteur, Joshua Cohen, Brian K. Bruen, Ruth Lopert, Avi Dor, Chuck Shih

Health Policy and Management Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Social Media Utilization By Latino Adolescents: Implications For Mobile Health Interventions, Megan Landry, Amita Vyas, Monique Turner, Sara Nelson Glick, Susan Wood

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background: Trends in social media use, including sending/receiving short message service (SMS) and social networking, are constantly changing, yet little is known about adolescent’s utilization and behaviors. This longitudinal study examines social media utilization among Latino youths, and differences by sex and acculturation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine Latino adolescents’ social media utilization and behavior over a 16-month period, and to assess whether changes in use differed by sex and acculturation.

Methods: This study included 555 Latino youths aged 13-19 who completed baseline and 16-month follow-up surveys. Prevalence of social media utilization and frequency, by sex …

Mapping Of Networks To Detect Priority Zoonoses In Jordan, Erin M. Sorrell, Mohammad El Azhari, Nezar Maswdeh, Sarah Kornblet, Claire J. Standley, Rebecca L. Katz, Ibrahim Ablan, Julie E. Fischer

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Early detection of emerging disease events is a priority focus area for cooperative bioengagement programs. Communication and coordination among national disease surveillance and response networks are essential for timely detection and control of a public health event. Although systematic information sharing between the human and animal health sectors can help stakeholders detect and respond to zoonotic diseases rapidly, resource constraints and other barriers often prevent efficient cross-sector reporting. The purpose of this research project was to map the laboratory and surveillance networks currently in place for detecting and reporting priority zoonotic diseases in Jordan in order to identify the nodes …

Comparing Cost-Effectiveness Of Hiv Testing Strategies: Targeted And Routine Testing In Washington, Dc., Amanda D Castel, Sungwoog Choi, Avi Dor, Jennifer Skillicorn, James Peterson, Nestor Rocha, Michael Kharfen

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Routine HIV testing is an essential approach to identifying undiagnosed infections, linking people to care and treatment, and preventing new infections. In Washington, DC, where HIV prevalence is 2.4%, a combination of routine and targeted testing approaches has been implemented since 2006.

METHODS: We sought to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the District of Columbia (DC) Department of Health's routine and targeted HIV testing implementation strategies. We collected HIV testing data from 3 types of DC Department of Health-funded testing sites (clinics, hospitals, and community-based organizations); collected testing and labor costs; and calculated effectiveness measures including cost per new …

Clash Of The Titans: Medicaid Meets Private Health Insurance, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Throughout its first forty-eight years of life, the federal Medicaid statute lacked a viable insurance pathway for most low-income adults' ineligible for employer-sponsored coverage. In what is arguably the most important public health achievement since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid fifty years ago, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) fundamentally alters this picture. Building on earlier breakthroughs for children, the ACA restructures Medicaid to cover poor adults and juxtaposes its new architecture against an affordable and accessible private insurance market for people ineligible for employer-sponsored or government insurance.

Is Administrative Discharge An Archaic Or Synchronic Program Practice? The Empirical Side Of The Debate, Izaak Williams

Journal of Health Ethics

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Health Insurance Expansions On Nonelderly Adults With Hypertension., Suhui Li, Brian K. Bruen, Paula M. Lantz, David Mendez

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Introduction

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. The treatment and control of hypertension is inadequate, especially among patients without health insurance coverage. The Affordable Care Act offered an opportunity to improve hypertension management by increasing the number of people covered by insurance. This study predicts the long-term effects of improved hypertension treatment rates due to insurance expansions on the prevalence and mortality rates of CVD of nonelderly Americans with hypertension.

Methods

We developed a state-transition model to simulate the lifetime health events of the population aged 25 to …

Action For Dental Health Year Two Progress Report, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Couples Therapy For Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial, Heather Lachance, Erin M. Tooley

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction—Behavioral couples therapy (BCT) has been found to improve long-term abstinence rates in alcohol- and substance-dependent populations but has not been tested for smoking cessation. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of BCT for smoking-discordant couples.

Methods—Forty-nine smokers (smoking >10 cigarettes/day) with non-smoking partners were randomized to receive a couples social support (BCT-S) intervention, or an individually-delivered smoking cessation (ST) treatment. The couples were married or cohabiting for at least one year, with partners who had never smoked or had not used tobacco in one year. Both treatments included seven weekly sessions and 8-weeks of nicotine …

Ua12/4 Stall Street Journal, Vol. 7, Wku Health Services

WKU Administration Documents

Broadsides developed by WKU Health Services to convey public health information in students in bathroom stalls. Incomplete run.

Is It Time To Consider The "Burnout Syndrome" A Distinct Illness?, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

The "burnout syndrome" has been defined as a combination of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment caused by chronic occupational stress. Although there has been increasing medical interest in burnout over the last decades, it is argued in this paper that the syndrome cannot be elevated to the status of diagnostic category, based on (1) an analysis of the genesis of the burnout construct, (2) a review of the latest literature on burnout-depression overlap, (3) a questioning of the three-dimensional structure of the burnout syndrome, and (4) a critical examination of the notion that burnout is singularized by its …

Providing Monthly Health And Wellness Presentations In A Patient Library: Program Development And Brief Assessment, Dana Ladd

VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Objectives: To describe the development, implementation, and brief assessment of a lunch time health and wellness series of presentations on a variety of consumer health related topics. The presentations were held in the Community Health Education Center, a patient library located inside a large academic medical center and were open to patients, their families, community members, and academic and health care employees.

Methods: We collaborated with marketing to identify topics and potential speakers. Topics included: stress, diabetes, healthy eating, care giving, depression, cancer, and others. Presentations were advertised via mass mail and flyers were posted in the library and relevant …

The Core Competencies For Mental, Neurological, And Substance Use Disorder Care In Sub-Saharan Africa, Pamela Y. Collins, Seggane Musisi, Seble Frehywot, Vikram Patel

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study points to a changing landscape in which non-communicable diseases, such as mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders, account for an increasing proportion of premature mortality and disability globally. Despite evidence of the need for care, a remarkable deficit of providers for MNS disorder service delivery persists in sub-Saharan Africa. This critical workforce can be developed from a range of non-specialist and specialist health workers who have access to evidence-based interventions, whose roles, and the associated tasks, are articulated and clearly delineated, and who are equipped to master and maintain the competencies associated …

Should We Put Our Feet In The Water? Use Of A Survey To Assess Recreational Exposures To Contaminants In The Anacostia River., Rianna Murray, Sacoby Wilson, Laura Dalemarre, Victoria Chanse, Janet Phoenix, Lori Baranoff

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The Anacostia River, a tributary of the Potomac River that flows into the Chesapeake Bay, is highly contaminated with raw sewage, heavy metals, oil and grease, trash, pathogens, excessive sediments, and organic chemicals. Despite this contamination, recreation on the river is very popular, including kayaking, canoeing, rowing, and sport fishing. There is currently no information available on the potential health risks faced by recreational users from exposure to the river’s pollutants. A total of 197 recreational users of the Anacostia River were surveyed regarding general demographic information and their recreational behavior over the previous year, including frequency and duration of …

Health Care Access Dimensions And Cervical Cancer Screening In South Africa: Analysis Of The World Health Survey., Tomi F. Akinyemiju, Jasmine A. Mcdonald, Paula M. Lantz

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background

Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent recommendations for cervical cancer primary prevention highlight HPV vaccination, and secondary prevention through screening. However, few studies have examined the different dimensions of health care access, and how these may influence screening behavior, especially in the context of clinical preventive services.

Methods

Using the 2003 South Africa World Health Survey, we determined the prevalence of cervical cancer screening with pelvic examinations and/or pap smears among women ages 18 years and older. We also examined the association between multiple …

Transforming Health Professions' Education Through In-Country Collaboration: Examining The Consortia Among African Medical Schools Catalyzed By The Medical Education Partnership Initiative., Zohray M. Talib, Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde, Hannah Wohltjen, Miliard Derbew, Yakub Mulla, David Olaleye, Nelson Sewankambo

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: African medical schools have historically turned to northern partners for technical assistance and resources to strengthen their education and research programmes. In 2010, this paradigm shifted when the United States Government brought forward unprecedented resources to support African medical schools. The grant, entitled the Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI) triggered a number of south-south collaborations between medical schools in Africa. This paper examines the goals of these partnerships and their impact on medical education and health workforce planning.

METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Principal Investigators of the first four MEPI programmes that formed an in-country consortium. These …

Adapting Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Policies To Manage Spending On High-Priced Drugs, Elizabeth Docteur, Ruth Lopert

Health Policy and Management Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.