Public Health Commons^™

Bioindikator Cemaran Timbal Pada Rambut Masyarakat Sekitar Kilang Minyak, Sukar Sukar, Suharjo Suharjo

Kesmas

Timbal atau Plumbum (Pb) bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Timbal dari media lingkungan dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati, dan rambut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian bioindikator timbal rambut masyarakat di kawasan industri minyak. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan penelitian khusus pencemaran lingkungan 2012 adalah type- 1 health study, yang disarankan US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drugs Registry (ATSDR). Analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk Kota Dumai yang tinggal di desa Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari, dan Bukit Timah. Sejumlah 110 ibu rumah tangga diambil dengan …

Determinan Perilaku Tes Hiv Pada Ibu Hamil, Nanik Setiyawati, Niken Meilani

Kesmas

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan salah satu sorotan dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Ibu hamil dengan HIV akan berisiko menularkan kepada bayinya. Tes HIV merupakan gerbang pembuka status HIV yang sangat penting dilakukan pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil yaitu tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi kerentanan diri tertular HIV, sikap, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) dan ketersediaan sumber informasi (keluarga dan kader kesehatan). Jenis penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan metode survei. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron dan Puskesmas Sleman yang telah memiliki …

Pengaruh Faktor Personal Berpengaruh Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja Di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Rosdarni Rosdarni, Djaswadi Dasuki, Sumarni Djoko Waluyo

Kesmas

Perilaku seksual pranikah yang tinggi pada remaja disebabkan oleh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan kesehatan seksual, Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) dan HIV / AIDS, sikap terhadap seksualitas, harga diri dan efikasi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan tentang kesehatan seksual, IMS dan HIV / AIDS, sikap, harga diri dan efikasi diri terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja di Kota Kendari yang diukur melalui kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Desain penelitian adalah studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 200 remaja yang berasal dari empat sekolah negeri di Kota Kendari mulai dari Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Analisis regresi …

Mekanisme Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi, Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Dan Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi Terhadap Prevalensi Panjang Badan Lahir Pendek, Demsa Simbolon, Wahyu Dwi Astuti, Lusi Andriani

Kesmas

Prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor secara langsung dan tidak langsung serta berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan dalam siklus kehidupan. Penelitian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan pendekatan potong lintang bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme hubungan berbagai variabel laten terhadap prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Sampel adalah 497 kabupaten yang diagregat dari data individu, yaitu anak lahir dari ibu berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun dengan kriteria anak kandung dan lahir tunggal. Pemodelan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling. Kehamilan berisiko tinggi berhubungan positif langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek …

Risiko Ergonomi Ketidaksesuaian Desain Dan Ukuran Tempat Duduk Sepeda Motor Terhadap Antropometri Pada Mahasiswa, Zulkifli Djunaidi, Rahmadani Arnur

Kesmas

Transportasi merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang pembangunan nasional. Belum baiknya sistem transportasi massal di Indonesia, membuat masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, seperti sepeda motor yang praktis dan ekonomis untuk digunakan. Namun, dalam menggunakan sepeda motor, aspek ergonomi dan kenyamanan bagi pengendara perlu untuk diperhatikan. Desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor yang tidak sesuai dengan antropometri duduk statis pengendara dapat menimbulkan kelelahan pada pengendara dan mengakibatkan terjadinya kecelakaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui risiko ergonomi dari ketidaksesuaian antara desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis. Untuk menganalisis risiko ergonomi, dilakukan penelitian …

Model Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Bawah Tiga Tahun, Erna Kusumawati, Setiyowati Rahardjo, Hesti Permata Sari

Kesmas

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi, terbukti data pemantauan status gizi Kabupaten Banyumas 2012 prevalensi stunting sebesar 28,37% dan prevalensi tertinggi (41,6%) di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko terkait faktor anak, ibu, lingkungan terhadap stunting bawah tiga tahun (batita) agar dapat dikembangkan model pengendaliannya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, populasi adalah seluruh anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas selama enam bulan tahun 2013. Sampel kasus adalah 50 batita stunting, sampel kontrol adalah 50 batita status normal. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus diambil dari tujuh desa yang terbanyak stuntingnya, sedangkan kontrol adalah batita normal tetangga terdekat …

Lama Merokok Dan Jumlah Konsumsi Rokok Terhadap Trombosit Pada Laki-Laki Perokok Aktif, Rini Sundari, Dinyar Supiadi Widjaya, Aditya Nugraha

Kesmas

Jumlah perokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu. Rokok dapat memengaruhi trombosit yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi terhadap jumlah trombosit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit (PCT), dan platelet large cell ratio (PLCR). Penelitian dilakukan di Pabrik Garmen Cimahi pada tahun 2014 yang diikuti oleh 31 laki-laki perokok aktif berusia 19 - 50 (32,97 + 10,28) tahun, 70,9% di antaranya sebagai perokok sedang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dan uji korelasi …

Kejadian Anemia Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Saifuddin Sirajuddin, Masni Masni

Kesmas

Anemia gizi besi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi pada anak 5 - 12 tahun sebesar 29% di Indonesia dan di Kota Makassar sebesar 37,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan (status kecacingan, status seng, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme dan nonheme, pola konsumsi sumber makanan pelancar dan penghambat zat besi) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 3 - 5 SD Negeri Cambaya Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kota Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 120 siswa …

Pencegahan Resurgensi Malaria Dengan Deteksi Dini Dan Pengobatan Segera Di Daerah Reseptif, Teni Supriyani, Umar Fahmi Achmadi, Dewi Susanna

Kesmas

Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah reseptif malaria di Indonesia, khususnya Kabupaten Tasikmalaya bagian selatan. Tahun 2009, 2011, dan 2012 telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa (KLB) terutama di Kecamatan Cineam. Namun, pada tahun 2013 tidak terjadi KLB serupa. Ekosistem Cineam berupa pegunungan dan perkebunan kondusif untuk penularan malaria. Selain itu, banyak penduduk Cineam yang merupakan pekerja migran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tidak terjadinya peningkatan kasus (resurgensi) malaria di daerah reseptif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Desember 2014, dengan menggunakan sampel seluruh penderita malaria positif di Kecamatan Cineam tahun …

Diabetes Melitus Dan Tingkat Keparahan Jaringan Periodontal, Rikawarastuti Rikawarastuti, Eka Anggreni, Ngatemi Ngatemi

Kesmas

Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia (60%). Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan diabetes melitus terhadap tingkat keparahan jaringan periodontal. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan pada bulan Oktober - November 2014 dengan populasi penelitian adalah pengunjung Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 122 orang. Status diabetes melitus didapat dari rekam medis poli penyakit tidak menular. Analisis data menggunakan kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penderita diabetes …

Asi Eksklusif Dan Persepsi Ketidakcukupan Asi, Adila Prabasiwi, Sandra Fikawati, Ahmad Syafiq

Kesmas

Persepsi ketidakcukupan air susu ibu (PKA) adalah keadaan ibu merasa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan ASI eksklusif di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan PKA di Kecamatan Tegal Selatan dan Kecamatan Margadana, Kota Tegal tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian primer dengan desain studi potong lintang. Sampel berjumlah 88 ibu dari bayi berusia 0 - 6 bulan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Status gizi ibu dilihat dari kenaikan berat badan ibu sewaktu hamil apakah sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari Institute of Medicine. Asupan energi ibu saat laktasi …

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α Sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Endemis Malaria, Rostika Flora, Mukni Mukni, Bina Melvia Girsang, Sigit Purwanto

Kesmas

Ibu hamil yang berada di daerah endemis malaria sangat rentan terhadap infeksi malaria selama kehamilan. Gejala malaria pada kelompok ini sering asimptomatik atau bahkan tidak terdeteksi sama sekali karena adanya efek imunitas protektif melalui infeksi yang berulang. Adanya peningkatan kadar tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dapat dijadikan indikator terjadinya infeksi malaria. TNF-α berperan penting dalam respons imun pada malaria akut yang menghambat terjadinya eritropoesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar TNF-α dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil didaerah endemik malaria vivax. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Februari 2014 di lima wilayah kerja puskesmas …

Efektivitas Air Perasan Kulit Jeruk Manis Sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Dita Nurhaifah, Tri Wahyuni Sukesi

Kesmas

Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental …

Reproductive Health Seeking Behaviors Among Female University Students: An Action Oriented Exploratory Study, Robin Emily Mowson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this research was to: 1) study the perceptions of female students attending the university Student Health Center, concerning available services, 2) learn how they describe their decisions to obtain care, and 3) identify perceived barriers to reproductive health care and contraception. This exploratory study used a mixed-methods approach that included clinic public-space observations, interviews with health care providers and staff at Student Health Services (SHS), surveys distributed to clients of the campus clinic, and in-depth interviews to contextualize emergent themes. Topics addressed included sexual health behaviors and perceptions, influence of peers and partners, the propagation of health …

Law, Ethics, And Public Health In The Vaccination Debates: Politics Of The Measles Outbreak, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The measles outbreak of early 2015 is symptomatic of a larger societal problem–the growing number of parents who decide against vaccinating their children. This failure is causing the resurgence of childhood diseases once eliminated from the United States.

This article explores the legal and ethical landscape of vaccine exemptions. While all states require childhood vaccinations, they differ significantly in the types of religious and/or philosophical exemptions permitted, the rigor of the application process, and available review mechanisms. States with relaxed exemption policies disproportionately experience more outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease.

Vaccine exemptions are an illustration of the “tragedy of the commons,” …

Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, And Targeting Of Malaria Treatment: Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jessica Cohen, Pascaline Dupas, Simone Schaner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Both under- and over-treatment of communicable diseases are public bads. But efforts to decrease one run the risk of increasing the other. Using rich experimental data on household treatment- seeking behavior in Kenya, we study the implications of this trade-off for subsidizing life-saving antimalarials sold over-the-counter at retail drug outlets. We show that a very high subsidy (such as the one under consideration by the international community) dramatically increases access, but nearly one-half of subsidized pills go to patients without malaria. We study two ways to better target subsidized drugs: reducing the subsidy level, and introducing rapid malaria tests over-the-counter. …

Target Zero: Why States Choose To Eradicate Infectious Diseases And How They Succeed, Gifty Abraham

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Realism has remained the dominant paradigm within international relations for most of the modern era, emphasizing the competitive nature of the international arena and the unlikeliness of states to within it to cooperate. The attempts and further still, successes, by states to eradicate infectious diseases--which remain among the most cooperative enterprises--present a number of challenges to realism's assumptions, particularly with respect to the unlikely world historical-times during which the eradication campaigns took place. As such, a two-part puzzle arises. First, why would states, which are natural competitors, cooperate to eradicate infectious diseases given structural and situational incentives not to do …

An Examination Of The Effect Of Vision-Related Factors And Availability Of Health Care Resources On Depression, Functional Status, And Falls Among New York City Senior Center Attendees, Lauren Evans

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

There is substantial variability across different geographic regions and demographic groups in health outcomes and health resource availability. This dissertation examines the relationship between self-reported ocular disease and depression, functional status, and falls in a diverse sample of senior center attendees in New York City. Further, these analyses explored whether the availability of health care resources at the area level affects the observed relationship between ocular disease and these other adverse outcomes.

This dissertation project addresses two main gaps in the current research, specifically, the need to better understand elders' experiences with these conditions in different geographic regions and demographic …

Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The present study examines antecedents and consequences of two aspects of mindfulness in a work setting: employee awareness and employee absent-mindedness. Using two samples, the study found these two aspects of mindfulness to be beneficially associated with employee well-being, as measured by emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and psychological need satisfaction, and with job performance, as measured by task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and deviance. These results suggest a potentially important role of mindfulness at the workplace. The study also found that organizational constraints and organizational support predicted employee mindfulness, pointing to the important role that the organizational environment may play …

Validating Estimates Of Prevalence Of Non-Communicable Diseases Based On Household Surveys: The Symptomatic Diagnosis Study, Spencer L. James, Minerva Romero, Dolores Ramírez-Villalobos, Sara Gómez

Dartmouth Scholarship

Easy-to-collect epidemiological information is critical for the more accurate estimation of the prevalence and burden of different non-communicable diseases around the world. Current measurement is restricted by limitations in existing measurement systems in the developing world and the lack of biometry tests for non-communicable diseases. Diagnosis based on self-reported signs and symptoms (“Symptomatic Diagnosis,” or SD) analyzed with computer-based algorithms may be a promising method for collecting timely and reliable information on non-communicable disease prevalence. The objective of this study was to develop and assess the performance of a symptom-based questionnaire to estimate prevalence of non-communicable diseases in low-resource areas.

Recognizing The Influence Of Social Determinants On Hiv Risk Behaviors And The Need For Structural Interventions To Prevent Hiv In Women, Arlene Edwards

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The design and implementation of structural interventions may provide for simultaneous and longitudinal responses to prevention needs in multiple contexts as defined by social determinants, thus varied opportunities exist to respond to the HIV prevention needs of women. According to the CDC, in 2010, the rate of new HIV infections among black women was 20 times that of white women, and the rate among Hispanic/Latino women was 4 times the rate of white women. Additionally, 86% of HIV infections in women were attributed to heterosexual contact and 14% to injection drug use (CDC, 2012). These numbers are reflected outside the …

A Comparison Of Sexual Health And Sexual Pressure Among Young African American And Caucasian Women, Ann Gakumo

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction. Condom self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward condom use, condom negotiation skills, HIV knowledge, and self-esteem have been associated with decreased HIV risk behavior among young women, but few studies have examined racial disparities that may exist in these social health indicators. Moreover, sexual pressure (inclusive of both coercive and non-coercive pressures to engage in unwanted or unprotected sex) has been understudied in women of different racial groups.

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare racial similarities and disparities in indicators of sexual health and sexual pressure in an urban sample of young African American and Caucasian women …

Dramatic Plays As A Tool To Educate Young African-American Females About Hiv/Aids, Jonathan N. Livingston, James Merryweather, Jessica Mohabir, Che' Smith, Nina Smith, Jacqueline Madry, Travis Knight, Dorothy M. Singleton, Seronda A. Robinson, Lisa Cothran, Dwayne Brandon, Alexis L. Slay, Camille Brown

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Rates of HIV/AIDS transmission have increased substantially, particularly among young African American women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HIV/AIDS is the number one killer for African American women aged 25 to 34. Given that many of these young women are contracting the disease in their late teens and early twenties, there is a need to develop interventions that directly address the needs of this group. The current study sought to assess the effectiveness of theater in increasing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the likelihood of healthier sexual behavior and choices among 219 young African American women …

Parental Discussions About Sexual Risk With African American Sons: The Role Of Religiosity., Wadiya A. Udell, Geri R. Donenberg

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The current study investigated the relationship between parental religiosity (i.e., parent church attendance), and frequency of parent-youth communication about sexual risk (i.e., discussion about sex, and discussion about condom use) with African American boys. Participants were 65 parents of African American boys between the ages of 11 and 17 years. Results indicated no relationship between age and parent-son discussion about sexual risk. However, parental religiosity was negatively associated with frequency of communication with sons about sex and condom use. Parents who attended church more frequently reported fewer discussions about sex and condom use than parents who attended church less frequently. …

The Role Of Relationship And Other Factors Associated With Condom Use Intention Among Young American Indian Men Ages 18 To 24 Years Old, Rebecca Dick, Elizabeth Rink, Kris Fourstar

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the heterosexual relationship factors that were associated with condom use intention for STI prevention in a purposive sample of American Indian men. The sample was drawn from the Fort Peck Reservations in northeastern Montana. The sample size included 122 American Indian men ages 18 to 24. The theory of planned behavior and interdependence theory provided the theoretical basis for the study. Seventy- seven percent of the young men reported being in a steady relationship with 60.3% agreeing that they were committed to maintaining their relationship with their current partner. Relationship duration and …

Do Masculinity And Perceived Condom Barriers Predict Heterosexual Hiv Risk Behaviors Among Black Substance Abusing Men?, A, Kathleen Burlew, Jerika Wilson, Latrice Montgomery, Bridgette Peteet, Candace Johnson, Mary Hatch-Maillette

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Although HIV prevention during substance abuse treatment is ideal, existing HIV risk-reduction interventions are less effective among Black and other ethnic minority substance abusers. The Sexual Health Model (SHM) and the Person, Extended Family and Neighborhood-3 model (PEN-3) both highlight the importance of increasing our understanding of the relationship of sociocultural factors to sexual-decision making as a step towards developing more HIV prevention interventions for ethnic minorities. However, few studies examine sociocultural factors in the sexual decision-making process of Black substance abusing men. This secondary analysis of data collected in an evaluation of Real Men Are Safe (REMAS), a HIV …

Predictors Of Readiness To Quit Among A Diverse Sample Of Sexual Minority Male Smokers, Alicia Kaye Matthews, Anna Hotton, Frances Aranda, Lisa Kuhns, Joseph G.L. Lee, Natalie Ross

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Readiness to quit smoking - a pattern of attitudes, intentions, and behaviors that reflect a likelihood of engaging in cessation activities—is a useful heuristic for understanding smoking disparities based on sexual orientation. This study examined demographic, tobacco-use patterns, psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with readiness to quit among gay and bisexual male smokers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted as part of a larger Tobacco Elimination and Control Collaboration (Q-TECC) initiative in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Readiness to quit was measured by a composite score created from four variables (motivation to quit, importance of …

Health Disparities Among Racial And Ethnic Minority Firefighters, Walker Sc Poston, Christopher K. Haddock, Sara A. Jahnke, Nattinee Jitnarin, Rena Sue Day, I David Daniels

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

Background: Racial/ethnic minorities are substantially underrepresented in the fire service and this situation is unique when compared to similarly mentally and physically demanding and hazardous occupations such as the military and law enforcement. There is little systematic research to provide greater clarity about this significant disparity. The purpose of this study is to examine physical and behavioral health issues of racial/ethnic minority firefighters when compared to their white, non-Hispanic counterparts and potentially identify areas for future research that might assist in improving their substantial underrepresentation.

Materials and Methods: We report the results of a secondary analysis of data combining …

Cultural Competence: New Conceptual Insights Into Its Limits And Potential For Addressing Health Disparities, Shireen S. Rajaram, Susan Bockrath

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The increasing interest in the role of racism and racialization in health disparities, calls for exploring new paradigms in addressing and eliminating health disparities related to race/ethnicity. Cultural competence is conceptualized as one of the keys ways to address racial/ethnic disparities in public health and healthcare. However, for cultural competence to fulfill this role, it requires a critical understanding of the underlying socio-political and economic processes of power, privilege and institutional racism that create, support and maintain existing health disparities. This paper outlines how the concept of cultural competence can be made more robust, by incorporating concepts such as Public …

Race And Sex Differences In Correlates Of Systolic Blood Pressure In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Cassandra Ford Phd, Patricia Sawyer, Patricia Parmelee, Olivio J. Clay, Martha Crowther, Richard M. Allman

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objectives: To describe correlates of measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) among community-dwelling older African American and White Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: Participants completed an in-home assessment and factors significantly correlated with SBP were tested using multivariable models.

Results: Among the 958 participants (mean age= 75.3 [SD = 6.8]; 49% African American; 49% female; 52% rural) African Americans were more often diagnosed with hypertension, more likely on anti-hypertensives, and on more anti-hypertensive medications. SBP was 2.7 mmHg higher in African Americans than Whites (p=.03). SBP was higher in women than men. Multivariable models revealed differences in the factors associated with SBP by …