Public Health Commons^™

Vaccine Confidence, Coverage, And Hesitancy Worldwide: A Literature Analysis Of Vaccine Hesitancy And Potential Causes Worldwide, Jordan Hammond

Senior Theses

Vaccines are one of the world’s most impactful medical therapies. They are cost-effective, successfully proven, and one of the quickest treatment options available today (Clark et al., 2016). They save millions of lives every year and have eliminated certain diseases on a national and international level. However, millions of people worldwide still remain unvaccinated. In developed nations, mainly The United States (U.S.) and the European countries, many of the unvaccinated are a result of rising vaccine hesitancy of parents in conjunction with the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine hesitancy is defined as “a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability” …

Association Of Dairy Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension And Diabetes In 147 812 Individuals From 21 Countries, Balaji Bhavadharini, Mahshid Dehghan, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Patrick Sheridan, Viswanathan Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Rajeev Gupta, Scott Lear, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.
Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the cross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). For the prospective analyses, we …

The Skill Of Critical Appraisal: Determining If The Results Are Valid, Julie Frantsve-Hawley Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article continues the Journal's series on implementing the Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) process into clinical practice. The abundance of scientific literature can make finding the best evidence to answer a clinical question challenging. This article presents strategies for critically appraising literature to ensure the validity and reliability of its conclusions.Implementing evidence-based dentistry requires the adept integration of current evidence into clinical practice. A robust evidence-based approach hinges on the provider's competence in identifying and effectively applying evidence to practice. This entails addressing three key questions: 1) Are the results valid? 2) What are the results? and 3) Can the evidence …

Healthcare Reform In The U.S. Must Be Driven By Policy And Data, Not Politics And Idealogy, Teresa M. Waters, Michael Karpf

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

Background U.S. healthcare spending will reach 20% of GDP by 2026. Despite this spending, almost 14% of our under-65 population still lacks health insurance and out-of-pocket healthcare spending is high. To date, much of the healthcare reform debate has focused on who pays—the government, employers or individuals. Objective To review current healthcare reform issues and evidence. Method We address the questions of how much we pay, how we pay and what we receive for the money as a potential foundation for constructive dialogue. Results U.S. healthcare spending continues to exceed that of other countries, without offering universal coverage. Notwithstanding coverage …

Evaluating Implementation Effectiveness And Sustainability Of A Maternity Waiting Homes Intervention To Improve Access To Safe Delivery In Rural Zambia: A Mixed-Methods Protocol, Elizabeth G. Henry, Thandiwe Ngoma, Jeanette L. Kaiser, Rachel M. Fong, Taryn Vian, Davidson H. Hamer, Peter C. Rockers, Godfrey Biemba, Nancy A. Scott

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Background: In low-income countries such as Zambia, where maternal mortality rates are persistently high, maternity waiting homes (MWHs) represent one potential strategy to improve access to safe delivery, especially for women living in remote areas. The Maternity Homes Access in Zambia project (MAHMAZ) is evaluating the impact of a MWH model on women’s access to safe delivery in rural Zambia. There is a growing need to understand not only the effectiveness of interventions but also the effectiveness of their implementation in order to appropriately interpret outcomes. There is little evidence to guide effective implementation of MWH for both immediate uptake …

A Review Of The Literature On Corruption In Healthcare Organizations, Vincenzo Sforza, Riccardo Cimini, Alessandro Mechelli, Taryn Vian

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

This paper provides a systematic and bibliometric review of 80 research articles on corruption in healthcare published in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017. Findings suggest that the number of studies has increased over time with a focus on low- and middle-income countries; academic researchers have published papers in a large variety of journals and have investigated different types of corruption with various methodologies. The interest is especially focused on low- and middle-income countries where corrupt behaviors are more common. The paper suggests future research directions to a dynamic research community to facilitate anticorruption actions by public authorities.

Pharmacist-Prescribed Birth Control: A Policy Analysis, Brianna Full

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Although unintended pregnancy in the United States has steadily decreased from 2008, rates are still unacceptably high as almost half (42%) of all pregnancies are not wanted or timed correctly (Finer & Zolna). In 2011, 2.8 million of the 6.1 million pregnancies in the United States each year were unintended. Public health professionals are worried about unintended pregnancy because research shows that unwanted or mistimed pregnancies come with associations to adverse maternal and child health outcomes, such as delayed prenatal care, premature birth, and negative physical and mental health effects for children (Frost, Frohwirth & Zolna, 2016). Also, two-thirds (68%) …

Improving Data Reporting To Nhmis From The Private Sector In Nigeria: Lessons From A Dhis2 Pilot With Community Pharmacists And Patent And Proprietary Medicine Vendors, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The IntegratE Project is a four-year initiative (2017–21) implemented by the Population Council and partners that seeks to increase access to contraceptive methods by involving the private sector (community pharmacists [CPs] and patent and proprietary medicine vendors [PPMVs]) in family planning (FP) service delivery in Lagos and Kaduna States, Nigeria. The project aims to establish a regulatory system with the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria to ensure that CPs and PPMVs provide quality FP services, comply with FP regulations, and report service statistics to the Health Information Management System (HMIS). To achieve this, the project is implementing: a pilot three-tiered accreditation …

The Effects Of A Family Planning Training On Community Pharmacists And Patent And Proprietary Medicine Vendors’ Knowledge In Nigeria: Preliminary Pre And Posttest Results, The Integrate Project, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The IntegratE Project is a four-year initiative (2017–21) implemented by the Population Council and partners that seeks to increase access to contraceptive methods by involving the private sector (community pharmacists [CPs] and patent and proprietary medicine vendors [PPMVs]) in family planning (FP) service delivery in Lagos and Kaduna States, Nigeria. The project aims to establish a regulatory system with the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria to ensure that CPs and PPMVs provide quality FP services, comply with regulations, and report service statistics to the Health Information Management System. To achieve this, the project is implementing: a pilot three-tiered accreditation system for …

The Studies That Shaped A Science-Based Profession, Christopher J. Smiley

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Editorial on science-based public health policy and the lessons of the Grand Rapids Study.

Quality Of Care Received For Family Planning From Community Pharmacists And Patent And Proprietary Medicine Vendors In Lagos And Kaduna, Nigeria: The Integrate Project, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The IntegratE Project is a four-year initiative (2017–21) implemented by the Population Council and partners that seeks to increase access to contraceptive methods by involving the private sector (community pharmacists [CPs] and patent and proprietary medicine vendors [PPMVs] in family planning (FP) service delivery in Lagos and Kaduna States, Nigeria. The project aims to establish a regulatory system with the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria to ensure that CPs and PPMVs provide quality FP services, comply with regulations, and report service statistics to the Health Information Management System. To achieve this, the project is implementing: a pilot three-tiered accreditation system for …

Health Risk Behaviors: Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs, And Dating Among Youths In Rural Central Java, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Ratih Indraswari, Aditya Kusumawati

Kesmas

Adolescents are more likely to adopt risky health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use, and sexual activity. This study examined the links betweensmoking, alcohol use, and risky dating behavior and analyzed how these factors influenced risky dating and other behaviors. It is expected that this studywould be used as a foundation for developing appropriate integrated intervention for multiple risk behaviors among youths. This study was an explanatory research study with a cross-sectional approach. It involved 160 youths aged 15-24 years randomly selected from purposive villages. Participants completedself-administrated questionnaires with an enumerator present. Data were analyzed using univariate, chi-square, and multiple …

Evaluation Of Program For Overcoming Intestinal Worm Infections Among Children, Henny Febriyanti, Haerawati Idris

Kesmas

Prevalence of intestinal worm infection in generall is extremely high in Indonesia among the poor population with poor sanitation. One of the government programs to address this problem is the distribution of medicines to prevent intestinal worm infections. However, the coverage of the achievement for this program is still low in several areas of public health centers in Palembang. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the national program for preventing intestinal worm infections. The qualitative research design used evaluation model approach Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. This study was conducted in one of health …

Effects Of Diabetes On The Output Of Farmer And Its Policy Implications, Syed Asif Ali Naqvi, Bilal Hussain, Syed Ale Raza Shah, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum

Kesmas

This study investigated the impact of diabetes on work performance of different farming communities from Punjab, Pakistan. This study was based on cross-sectional data. A representative sample of 374 farmers was collected from five selected districts. Three types of respondents were analyzed in the study e.g.,laborer, small and large growers. Poisson and logistic regression techniques were used for the sake of analysis. According to the investigated results for thelabor category, respondents with more age, less qualification, low earning per month (Rupees), and having positive record of family diabetes, would havemore leave per month. In the same way, findings for small …

Qualitative Exploration Of Experiences And Consequences Of Health-Related Stigma Among Indonesians With Hiv, Leprosy, Schizophrenia And Diabetes, Sarju Sing Rai, Irwanto Irwanto, Ruth M.H. Peters, Elena V. Syurina, Annisa Ika Putri, Altana Mikhakhanova, Denise Naniche, Marjolein B.M. Zweekhorst

Kesmas

Health-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, …

Entomological Index And Home Environment Contribution­ ­To Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever In Mataram City, Indonesia, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Nur Alvira Pascawati, Tri Wibawa, Roger Frutos, Sylvie Maguin, I Kadek Mulyawan, Ali Wardana

Kesmas

Indonesia is a member of Southeast Asia Regional Office (SEARO) ranked the first in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) problem based on incidence rate (IR) and case fatality rate (CFR). Several provinces in Indonesia experience an outbreak, one of which is the Mataram City in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Mataram City is an endemic area of DHF because the DHF cases are always found in three consecutive years with the number of cases that fluctuate and tend to increase. This study aimed to obtain factors that could be used to improve early warning systems in controlling DHF. This study used a …

Utilization Of Family Planning Contraceptives Among Women Inthe Coastal Area Of South Buru District, Maluku, 2017, Christiana Rialine Titaley, Ninik Sallatalohy

Kesmas

Maluku Province is one among provinces in Indonesia with a contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) lower than the national average. This study aimed toexamine factors associated with the utilization of family planning contraceptives among women of reproductive age living in the coastal area of South BuruDistrict, Maluku, Indonesia. Data were derived from a household health survey conducted in five subdistricts in South Buru, e.g., Namrole, Leksula, Waesama,Kapala Madan and Ambalau Subdistricts on November 2017 by the Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University in Ambon. Information on contraceptive usewere collected from 390 married women aged 20 - 49 years. Bivariate and multivariate logistic …

Determinants Of Stunted Children In Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis At The Individual, Household, And Community Levels, Febri Wicaksono, Titik Harsanti

Kesmas

This study aimed to examine the risk factors of childhood undernutrition in Indonesia. Determinants of childhood stunting were examined by using the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Research Survey dataset. A total of 76,165 children aged under 5 years were included in this study. The analysis used multivariate multilevel logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs). The prevalence of stunting in the sample population was 36.7%. The odds of stunting increased significantly among the under-five boys, children living in slum area, and the increase of household member (aOR = 1.11, 95 %CI: 1.06–1.15; 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15; and 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02–1.04 …

Studi Deskriptif Analisa Promosi Layanan Rumah Sakit, Ni Putu Indra Dewi, Anindita Santoso, Handi Wirawan, Joan Puspita Tanumihardja

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Health services have entered an era of competition that requires hospitals to be able to provide superior services to attract consumers (patients). Hospitals need to implement an effective marketing system so that outreach targets and ultimately service utilization can be achieved by using integrated marketing communication techniques to coordinate and control various elements of the promotional mix. In this manuscript, the researcher analyzes the promotion of hospital services using a descriptive study method.

Business Development Of Dental Services Marketing In Hospital: A Systematic Review, Ferti Dwi Ekasari, Wahyu Sulistiadi

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

One of the health services in the hospital is dental and oral health care. Hospitals must establish a good marketing strategy for their organizations in an effort to continue to improve or maintain the expected position. Based on the above, it is necessary to know what efforts can be made by dental outpatient clinics in developing marketing of dental and oral health services in dental clinics in hospitals to increase patient visits to hospital dental clinics. This study use Systematic Review with PRISMA method retrieved from online database such as ProQuest, willy online, J Store, Scopus and Google Schoolars using …

Strategies Of Hospital Marketing For Increasing Patient Satisfaction: A Systematic Review, Lenggo Geni Sari

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Patient satisfaction is the most important of hospital goal. The hospital who has focused to customer satisfaction, obtain some basic benefits, like the hospital's reputation is more positive in the eyes customers and the community and encourage the creation of customer loyalty which makes it possible for hospitals increase profits, harmoniously the relationship of the hospital to its customers and encourage everyone in the hospital to work with more goals well. Strategies of hospital marketing are needed to increase patient satisfaction. We use Systematic Review with PRISMA method retrieved from online database such as ProQuest, Wiley online, J Store, Sciencedirect …

Analisis Perencanaan Obat Berdasarkan Metode Abc Indeks Kritis Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ciawi, Irwan Unggul Widodo, Pujianto Pujianto

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Pharmacy unit has important role to determine service quality in hospital. For supporting patients service, Ciawi Region Public Hospital used drugs based on national formulatorium which is contain 1.176 kind of drugs with investation value Rp. 17.315.126.250,-. Ciawi Region Public Hospital already became National Health Coverage provider since 2014 with 74,04% the Indonesian National Healthcare Insurance (BPJS) patients and getting increase everyday. The big investation and amount of drugs need to supervise for accurate drugs support and getting effectivity and eficiency. Consumption method which already used by Ciawi Region Public Hospital is not fulfillt he drugs demand yet, still making …

Strategi Segmentasi, Target Dan Posisi Pasar Klinik Aestetik Di Rs Multazam Medika, Evie Ni’Matunnisa

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Aesthetics Clinic is a product that began to be developed, both independent clinics or in hospitals. With the growing technology used, it makes people more concerned about skin health so that beauty service products can be an alternative business strategy that can be developed and become a profit for private hospitals today. With the increasing competition between hospitals, the addition of aesthetic clinic services at Multazam Medika Hospital is expected to bring something new in the development of hospital marketing products. This study uses a descriptive analysis methodology whose results will be input for hospitals in determining business strategies.

Strategi Pemasaran Modalitas Radiologi Mri Dengan Metode Analisis Segmentasi,Target, Dan Posisi Di Rs Harapan Keluarga Mataram, Handi Wirawan

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

The increasing number of hospitals in Indonesia, as well as the increasing public demand for quality and affordable health facilities, has made competition in the hospital service industry so tight. In order to compete more effectively, hospitals need to implement marketing strategies. This research is a research in the field of hospital marketing management, especially regarding the analysis of segments, targets, market position and product differentiation of services at the general inpatient unit of RSHK Mataram. This study aims to find out empirical evidence about the effect of Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Strategies on the marketing strategy of MRI radiology …

Marketing Mix Vs Loyalitas Pasien: Studi Literatur, M. Andri Junaidi, Wahyu Sulistiadi

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Marketing is the entire activity and process of making, communicating, delivering, offering something feasible for customers, clients, co-workers and society in general. The relationship with the hospital, because the hospital is classified as a semi-business organization. Hospitals must use marketing to face all the problems that exist and take all opportunities in order to survive, one of which is the marketing mix. The method used in this paper is a literature review using PRISMA. This resulted in 13 journals, both domestic and foreign. The marketing mix is needed as a way of marketing the hospital. From the search results, it …

Examining Access To Sexual And Reproductive Health Care Services And Information For Young Women With Physical Motor Disabilities In Dakar, Senegal, Olivia Soule, Diatou Sonko

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Access to and use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Senegal remains low despite local and international interventions and campaigns to increase contraception use, increase knowledge regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), and increase access to reproductive health services. Among marginalized groups, such as people living with disabilities, access to and use of services and information are even lower, and there are gaps in research involving Senegalese people with disabilities and their access to and use of SRH services and information. This mixed-methods, community-based participatory research examines how Senegalese women navigate their sexual and reproductive health care. It seeks …

Development Of A Diabetes Self-Management + Mhealth Program: Tailoring The Intervention For A Pilot Study In A Low-Income Setting In Mexico, Robin Whittemore, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Soraya Burrola-Méndez, Annel Lozano-Marrufo, Roberta Delvy, Mariana Pardo-Carrillo, Selene De La Cerda, Ninfa Pena-Purcell, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health pandemic disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this formative research was to adapt evidence-based diabetes self-management education programs to the context of Seguro Popular clinics in Mexico. A theory-based mHealth (pictorial text messaging) component was developed.

Method: Our formative research and development of the program protocol consisted of six phases: (1) interviews and focus groups with stakeholders on the challenges to T2D management, curriculum content needs, and the use of mHealth as a supplement to a DSME program; (2) review of the theoretical underpinning, curriculum, and interactive strategies …

A Ten-Year Retrospective Evaluation Of Acute Flaccid Myelitis At 5 Pediatric Centers In The United States, 2005-2014., Margaret M. Cortese, Anita K. Kambhampati, Jennifer E. Schuster, Zaid Alhinai, Gary R. Nelson, Gloria J. Guzman Perez-Carrillo, Arastoo Vossough, Michael A. Smit, Robert C. Mckinstry, Timothy Zinkus, Kevin R. Moore, Jeffrey M. Rogg, Meghan S. Candee, James J. Sejvar, Sarah E. Hopkins

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a severe illness similar to paralytic poliomyelitis. It is unclear how frequently AFM occurred in U.S. children after poliovirus elimination. In 2014, an AFM cluster was identified in Colorado, prompting passive US surveillance that yielded 120 AFM cases of unconfirmed etiology. Subsequently, increased reports were received in 2016 and 2018. To help inform investigations on causality of the recent AFM outbreaks, our objective was to determine how frequently AFM had occurred before 2014, and if 2014 cases had different characteristics.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study covering 2005-2014 at 5 pediatric centers in 3 …

A 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Database For Arrhythmia Research Covering More Than 10,000 Patients, Jianwei Zhang, Jianming Zhang, Sidy Daniako, Hai Yao, Hangyuan Guo, Cyril Rakovski

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

This newly inaugurated research database for 12-lead electrocardiogram signals was created under the auspices of Chapman University and Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine) and aims to enable the scientific community in conducting new studies on arrhythmia and other cardiovascular conditions. Certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, have a pronounced negative impact on public health, quality of life, and medical expenditures. As a non-invasive test, long term ECG monitoring is a major and vital diagnostic tool for detecting these conditions. This practice, however, generates large amounts of data, the analysis of which requires considerable …

Rural Primary Care And The Diagnostic Resolution Of Abnormal Screening Mammograms: A Mixed Methods Study In Rural Missouri, Jean Hunleth, Julia Maki, Amanda Lee, Aimee James, Rebecca Lobb

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Rural health clinics (RHCs) and federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) play a vital role in initiating cancer screening in underserved, rural settings. Yet there is limited information about their involvement in diagnostic tests when a mammogram result is abnormal. Diagnostic resolution of abnormal mammograms varies widely by geographic location and resources, and timely resolution is important for addressing rural-urban cancer disparities. This mixed methods study in a rural region of Missouri with high rates of cancer mortality examined the roles of primary care providers during follow-up after an abnormal mammogram, the processes they used, and the clinic specific variations among …