Public Health Commons^™

Beyond The Ward: Sea Swimming In Camhs Inpatient Care, Rachael O'Callaghan, Alice Taylor, Maria O'Malley, John Goodwin

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Sticky Genes: Can Repeated Dna Sequences Trigger Motor Neurone Disease?, Guste Venslovaite, Russell Mclaughlin

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Life Under Pressure: How Doubling The Genome Affects The Memory Of Environmental Stress In Worms, Aisling Phelan, Emma Bazzani, Clément Verdier, Laetitia Chauve, Aoife Mclysaght

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Pause For Policy - The Cognitive Cost Of Cannabis Use In Adolescence, Michael O'Connor, Linda Kelly, Emma O'Hora, Claire O'Doherty, Ciaran Brown, An Hsu, Sahar Riaz, Frank Crosson, Darren Roddy, Mary Cannon

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

From Recognition To Action: Advancing Nutrition Care In Irish Healthcare, Aoife Gillane, Sarah Donovan, Lisa Ryan

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Metabolic Health: A Needle-Free Alternative For Blood Sugar Monitoring, Conor Cleary, Martin Bradley, Christopher Crosson, John Wade

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Transforming Plastic For A Sustainable Planet: Next-Generation Materials That Biodegrade Naturally, Kristof Racz, Clement Higginbotham

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

The Dock Beetle: Reducing Costs And Pesticides In Irish Agriculture, Bianca Araujo, Daniel P. Fitzpatrick

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of The Nature Restoration Law In The Eu - Pros, Cons And Impossibilities, Emma Mcdonagh, Liam Sunner

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Ireland’S Energy Transition: Unlocking The Potential Of Offshore Renewables, Caoimhe O'Hare, Madjid Karimirad, Gautam Baruah

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

From Conflict To Connection: Educators Leading The Shift Towards Restorative Practices (Rp) In Deis Primary Schools, Ellen Slattery, Clara Hoyne

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Gap From Preschool To Primary: From Policy To Practice, Aimee O'Connor, Cóilín O’ Braonáin

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Anne M. Friel, Brigid Hooban, Therese Montgomery, Anne Marie O'Brien, Cormac Quigley, Edel Mcneela, Eva Campion, James Walshe, Sinead Loughran

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Insecticide Resistance Profile In Nashville Culex Spp. Mosquito Populations, Ellie Sebaugh, Zachary Bement, Abelardo Moncayo, Darlene Panvini

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Mosquitoes may develop resistance to insecticides used by control programs, potentially increasing population density and the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Culex spp. mosquitos are the primary vector of West Nile Virus (WNV), the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States and a reportable disease in Tennessee. Resistance profiles were constructed for two insecticides, permethrin and malathion, in a Culex spp. population from Nashville, Tennessee. Adult female mosquitoes were live-captured using gravid traps and tested using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bioassay protocol to assess resistance or susceptibility. Three inhibitors were also included to identify metabolic …

Neonatal Unit Human Resources: Coverage For Six Cadres And Trends For Staff-To-Baby Ratios In 65 Neonatal Units Implementing With Nest360 In Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, And Tanzania, Rebecca Penzias, Eric Ohuma, Opeyemi Odedere, Olabisi Dosunmu, George Okello, Hannah Mwaniki, Robert Tillya, Josephine Shabani, Vincent Ochieng, Ekran Rashid, William Macharia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Implementing small and sick newborn care (SSNC) requires skilled health workers; however, there is a shortage, adversely impacting patient outcomes and health worker wellbeing. There are limited data and no cur‑ rent World Health Organization (WHO) standards for staftobaby ratios in neonatal units in low and middleincome countries (LMICs) to inform policy, planning, and investment.

Methods: In 65 neonatal units (36 in Malawi, 13 in Kenya, 7 in Tanzania, and 9 in Nigeria), a health facility assessment (HFA) for SSNC and governmentled quality improvement (QI) processes were implemented. Stafng data were col‑ lated from baseline HFA (Sept 2019–March 2021) …

Cabotegravir And Rilpivirine For Treatment Of Hiv Infection In Africa: Week 96 Results From The Phase 3b Randomized, Open-Label, Noninferiority Cares Trial, Cissy Kityo, Ivan Mambule, Joseph Musaazi, Simiso Sokhela, Henry Mugerwa, Henry Mugerwa, Ibrahim Yawe, Fiona Cresswell, Abraham Siika, Reena Shah

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Evaluation of the durable efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable therapy for HIV is needed in African populations. In a multicenter, open-label phase 3b trial, 512 African adults with HIV-1, stable on first-line oral therapy, with screening plasma viral load (VL) < 50 copies ml−1 and without past virologic failure were randomized (1:1) to continue oral therapy or switch to cabotegravir (600 mg) and rilpivirine (900 mg) intramuscular injections every 8 weeks (optional 4-week oral lead-in). VL was monitored every 24 weeks. Here the primary outcome for our analysis up to 96 weeks was VL < 50 copies ml−1, using the Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm (noninferiority margin 10%) in the intention-to-treat exposed population. At 96 weeks, 247/255 (97%) in the long-acting group and 250/257 (97%) in the oral therapy group had VL < 50 copies ml−1 (difference −0.4%; 95% confidence interval −3.1% to 2.0%), demonstrating noninferiority. Adverse events of severity grade ≥3 occurred in 41/255 (16%) in the long-acting group and in 22/257 (9%) in the oral therapy group, mostly considered unrelated to the study drug; only one treatment-related adverse event in the long-acting group led to a decision to discontinue treatment (injection-site abscess). Cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting therapy produced durable virologic suppression, met the prespecified noninferiority endpoint compared with oral therapy and demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Long-acting therapy may be considered for use in African treatment programs. PACTR registration: 202104874490818.

Implementation And Evaluation Of Infection Prevention And Control Training In Sub-Saharan Africa, David Odada, James Ndai, Ruth Thuku, Philip Adebayo

Internal Medicine, East Africa

No abstract provided.

State Of Menstrual Health Education In 2024: Content Analysis Of Us K-12 Public School Education Standards, Emily Richardson, Sarah Bemis, Page Dobbs, Hope Ballentine, Shristi Bhochhibhoya, Victor Kwaku Akakpo, Kylie Lovett

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Exploratory study aiming to assess the prevalence and time of initiation of menstrual health curriculum in US public school education standards by state. Methods: US public school Kindergarten-12th grade education standards from each state's Department of Education website, including D.C. (n = 51), were searched for menstruation, menstrual, menses, menopause, period, menarche, reproduction, puberty, and growth and development. Results25.5% (n = 13) of US education standards include menstruation. Of these, constructs of comprehensive menstrual health were recorded including abnormal menstruation (n = 6), menstrual hygiene (n = 6), menopause (n = 1), and stigma (n = 7). Education is …

Enhancing Food Security Sustainability Through Digital Information Extension Services In Rural Uganda: Maize Postharvest Evidence-Based Strategies, Jackline Estomihi Kiwelu, Patrick Ngulube

Libraries

Background Postharvest losses caused by poor drying and storage practices lead to maize waste, reduced food availability, unsafe food due to aflatoxin contamination, and income loss for farmers. This exacerbates food insecurity and threatens the livelihoods of rural communities. Leveraging digital solutions to provide quality maize postharvest handling information is critical to mitigating these challenges.

Objective This study examined maize postharvest handling extension information services provided by rural agricultural extension officers in selected districts of Uganda, focusing on how evidence-based practices supported by information sources, expert knowledge, and ICT infrastructure ensure the quality and relevance of the information delivered.

Methods …

Examining Gender And Ethnic Disparities In Scientific Authorship To Promote A Culture Of Equity, Diversity And Inclusion At A University School Of Public Health, Paula Christen, Julia Michalow, Tristan Naidoo, Hillary Topazian, Sabine An Elsland, Abeer Arif, Marc Baguelin, Gemma Clunie, Sarah Essilfie-Quaye, Chinedu Momoh

Brain and Mind Institute

In public health research, diverse perspectives are vital to identify biases that homogenous teams might miss. Since publication metrics influence career progression, we investigated publication rate disparities within a School of Public Health. We analysed 18 322 peer-reviewed publications by 513 affiliated researchers between 2014 and 2023 using multivariable regression models and network analysis to assess the impact of gender, ethnicity, job level and centrality in the School’s research network on publication rates. We found a persistent gender gap in publication rates across job levels and ethnicities, with men publishing more than women (incidence rate ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval …

Acceptability, Feasibility And Preliminary Evaluation Of The Who Caregiver Skills Training For Children With Developmental Disabilities In Rural And Urban Kenya, Amina Abubakar, Eva Mwangome, Paul Mwangi, Vibian Angweny, Martha Kombe, Rachel Mapenzi, Patricia Kipkemoi, Patricia Kipkemoi, Beatrice Mkubwa, Silas Onyango

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background Interventions to improve the developmental outcomes of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) in low-resourced settings such as Kenya are limited. The WHO caregiver skills training (CST) was developed to address social and communication needs of children with DDs through caregiver-mediated engagement strategies. This study investigated CST’s acceptability, feasibility and evaluated its effect on behavioural, communication and quality of life outcomes for children with DDs and their caregivers in Kenya.

Methods The settings were rural Kilifi and Korogocho informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. A sequential mixed-methods design consisting of three phases. First, CST materials translation to Swahili, stakeholder consultations and …

Kenya’S Path To Universal Health Coverage: Insights From Policy And Practice, Evaline Chepchirchir Langat, Paul Ward, Hailay Gesesew, Lillian Mwanri

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background Universal health coverage (UHC) is a globally endorsed commitment aimed at ensuring equitable access to affordable healthcare services. Kenya's journey toward UHC has been marked by significant reforms, including the 2018 pilot phase and ongoing implementation phase (2020–2030). Using qualitative insights from policymakers and practitioners, this study explored Kenya’s progress, challenges, and opportunities to achieve UHC.

Methods Key informant interviews were conducted with 44 stakeholders across seven counties in Kenya. Data were collected in English using a semi-structured interview guide, audio-recorded with consent, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis, guided by the WHO health system framework, identified achievements, challenges, and …

Age-Specific Distribution Of Cervical Precancer And Cancer Among Women Living With Hiv Across Seven Countries: A Systematic Review And An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis, Shona Dalal, Karin Sundström, Ronaldo Silva, Katayoun Taghavi, Helen Cejtin, Michael Chung, Sharon Greene, Smita Joshi, Helen Kelly, Elkanah Orang'o

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background Women living with HIV have an elevated risk for cervical cancer, present earlier, and have more recurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections compared with women without HIV. To update WHO recommendations on screening and treatment to prevent cervical cancer, we aimed to identify whether women living with HIV should be screened for cervical cancer at a specific age, the optimal screening interval following a negative cervical screen, and the screening interval following treatment.

Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on cervical cancer and HIV by searching MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, the Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries covering Jan 1, …

Implementation Of The Multicountry Who Covid-19 Pregnancy Cohort Study: Challenges And Lessons Learned During The Pandemic, Maria Costa, Renato Souza, Jose Cecatti, Sami Gottlieb, Marie Delnord, Soe Soe Thwin, Ndema Habib, Marleen Temmerman, Ingrid Gichere, Beth Maina

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Introduction A generic research protocol was developed for a prospective cohort study to allow systematic, harmonized data collection of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination during pregnancy on maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes across different settings. This article describes the study conception, development, implementation, challenges, and key lessons learned within study sites across the world.

Methods The protocol was implemented in 43 facilities in 10 countries during the pandemic, involving consecutive recruitment of over 16,000 pregnant or postpartum women. We evaluated selection of study sites, ethical approvals, staff recruitment and training, recruitment and follow-up, and incorporation of new elements …

Neonatal Unit Human Resources: Coverage For Six Cadres And Trends For Staff-To-Baby Ratios In 65 Neonatal Units Implementing With Nest360 In Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, And Tanzania, Rebecca Penzias, Eric Ohuma, Opeyemi Odedere, Olabisi Dosunmu, George Okello, Hannah Mwaniki, Robert Tillya, Vincent Ochieng, Ekran Rashid, William Macharia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background Implementing small and sick newborn care (SSNC) requires skilled health workers; however, there is a shortage, adversely impacting patient outcomes and health worker well-being. There are limited data and no current World Health Organization (WHO) standards for staff-to-baby ratios in neonatal units in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform policy, planning, and investment.

Methods In 65 neonatal units (36 in Malawi, 13 in Kenya, 7 in Tanzania, and 9 in Nigeria), a health facility assessment (HFA) for SSNC and government-led quality improvement (QI) processes were implemented. Staffing data were collated from baseline HFA (Sept 2019–March 2021) and mid-2023 …

Food Insecurity Is Associated With Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Among Caregivers Of Young Children In Arid And Semi-Arid Regions Of Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study, Esther Chongwo, Daisy Chelangat, Eunice Njoroge, Barack Aoko, Martha Kaniala, Moses Wesala, Phillis Magoma, Joyce Marangu, Margaret Kabue, Daniel Rabok

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Introduction: This study fills a critical gap by assessing the prevalence and association between food insecurity and depressive and anxiety symptoms among caregivers of young children in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs).

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from caregivers of children aged 0–3 years from Lamu, Isiolo and Turkana Counties (N = 446). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scales were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. We also administered the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, alongside sociodemographic and health-related questionnaires.

Results: The mean caregiver age was 29.37 years …

E-Counseling Platform For Seafarers’ Sound Mental Health : Prospects And Challenges To Implement Globally On-Board Ships, Farzana Yasmin

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Link Between Mental Health And Physical Health : A Study On Seafarers In Southeast Asia, - Dewi Balqis Binti Azfar

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Identifying Sex- And Gender-Specific Endocrinological, Lifestyle, Psychosocial, And Socio-Cultural Targets For Alzheimer's Disease Prevention In Africans: The Female Brain Health And Endocrine Research In Africa (Fember-Africa) Project, Chinedu Momoh, Benard Aliwa, Lukoye Atwoli, Karen Blackmon, Edna Bosire, Samuel Gitau, Harrison Kaleli, Ciru Kamanda, Linda Khakali, Rachel Maina, Peter Mativo, Sylvia Mbugua, Zul Merali, Kendi Muchungi, Anne Njogu, Douglas Nyankira, Alice Ondieki, Catherine Onyancha, Stanely Onyango, Jasmit Shah, Sheena Shah, Cynthia Smith, Dilraj Sokhi, Sheila Waa, Thomas Thesen

Brain and Mind Institute

Dementia rates are rising globally, with the burden increasing most rapidly in low- tomiddle-income countries. Despite this, research into Alzheimer’s disease and relateddementias (ADRD) among African populations remains limited, with existing modelsbased on Western cohorts that overlook sex-, gender-, and ancestry-specific factors.The Female Brain Health and Endocrine Research in Africa (FemBER-Africa) project,hosted at the Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Kenya, will establish adeeply phenotyped cohort of 250 African individuals across the ADRD spectrum. Itwill assess sex-specific risk factors linked to ethnicity, lifestyle, and endocrinologicalvariables using fluid-based biomarkers (blood and saliva), neuroimaging (magneticresonance imaging and positron emission tomography), and …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Nomophobia Among Healthcare Workers In Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study, Prakash Banjade, Asmita Itani, Munish Sharma, Reena Shah, Jasmit Shah, Aakansha Singh, Rahul Kashyap, Salim Surani

Brain and Mind Institute

Introduction: Nomophobia, the fear of being without a mobile phone, has become a significant concern in the current digital age. Healthcare professionals rely heavily on mobile devices for communication and information access. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of nomophobia among healthcare workers in Nepal.

Methods: A modified Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was used to determine nomophobia scores. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, race, type of smartphone, hours spent on a smartphone, and type of medical specialty were considered to evaluate nomophobia in diverse groups of healthcare workers. Summary statistics were presented as frequencies …