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Journal Of Mind And Medical Sciences: Translational And Integrative Mission, David L. Rowland, Ion G. Motofei

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Initiated four years ago, Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (J Mind Med Sci.) established the mission to publish papers on mental and medical topics in distinct but closely interrelated domains. The editorial policy especially encourages interdisciplinary and integrative perspectives, being equally focused on basic research and clinical investigations and short reports.

The journal adheres to the philosophy that high quality, original ideas and information should be readily accessible and freely shared within and amongst the scientific community. Accordingly, J Mind Med Sci. is an online, open access, non-for-profit journal which, because of individual/ private support, has levied no charges …

Parental Quality Of Life 10 Years After Their Child’S Epilepsy Diagnosis, Klajdi Puka, Kathy Nixon Speechley

Western Research Forum

Background: Although the long-term course of childhood epilepsy is favorable in terms of seizure control, patients often face debilitating cognitive and psychosocial deficits that persist even after seizure remission. Pediatric epilepsy also has a large impact on the family and has been shown to be associated with diminished quality of life (QOL) among parents. However, the long-term outcome of parental QOL is unknown. This study aimed to 1) evaluate parental QOL 10 years after their child was diagnosed with epilepsy and 2) identify epilepsy-, child- and family-related characteristics associated with diminished parental QOL.

Methods: Data were derived …

Meditation As An Intervention For College Students, Ameen Wahba

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

College students face a variety of stressors and are increasingly susceptible to mental health disorders. Meditation is considered a secular intervention to aid in well-being as well as an aspect of the religious or spiritual experience. In regard to application in daily life, many individuals are unaware of the varieties of meditation available. This work will aim to demystify the practice of meditation in a practical context, specifically focusing its simplicity and lack of cost. Focused Awareness meditation, Open Monitoring Meditation, and Compassion Meditation will be compared and contrasted for their varying benefits in the context of the life of …

Temperament Factors And Dimensional, Latent Bifactor Models Of Child Psychopathology: Transdiagnostic And Specific Associations In Two Youth Samples, Benjamin L. Hankin, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Hannah Snyder, Jami F. Young, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Common emotional and behavioral symptoms co-occur and are associated with core temperament factors. This study investigated links between temperament and dimensional, latent psychopathology factors, including a general common psychopathology factor (p factor) and specific latent internalizing and externalizing liabilities, as captured by a bifactor model, in two independent samples of youth. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that temperament factors of negative affectivity (NA), positive affectivity (PA), and effortful control (EC) could serve as both transdiagnostic and specific risks in relation to recent bifactor models of child psychopathology. Sample 1 included 571 youth (average age 13.6, SD = 2.37, range 9.3–17.5) …

Increasing Valued Behaviors Precedes Reduction In Suffering: Findings From A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Act, Andrew T. Gloster, Jens Klotsche, Joseph Ciarrochi, Georg Eifert, Rainer Sonntag, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Jürgen Hoyer

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Psychological flexibility theory (PFT) suggests three key processes of change: increases in value-directed behaviors, reduction in struggle with symptoms, and reduction in suffering. We hypothesized that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) would change these processes and that increases in valued action and decreases in struggle would precede change in suffering.

Method: Data were derived from a randomized clinical trial testing ACT (vs. waitlist) for treatment-resistant patients with primary panic disorder with/without agoraphobia (n= 41). Valued behavior, struggle, and suffering were assessed at each of eight sessions.

Results: Valued actions, struggle, and suffering all changed over the …

Commentary: Have We Come To A Fork In The Road In Medical Education?, Robert Grosz

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

No abstract provided.

Objective And Subjective Evaluation Of Anew Lidar-Based Speed Prediction And Advisory Display, Jorg Onno Entzinger, Tomoko Iijima, Tsuneharu Uemura, Jun Matsumoto, Naoki Matayoshi, Shinji Suzuki

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

We evaluate a newly developed symbology that provides the pilot predicted and advisory airspeed information. This information is not only based on the current state of the aircraft, but also takes into account the wind field ahead of the aircraft measured by an onboard LIDAR system. Airline pilots flew landing approaches in wind shear scenarios that demanded careful consideration of whether to land on go-aroundin JAXA's full flight simulator. We obtained both subjective evaluations and objective data including flight performance, eye recoder data, electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and performance on a simple visual secondary task. The pilots considered all newly …

Flight Experience And Mental Representations Of Space, Mikayla Keller, Jennifer E. Sutton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Spatial skills are critical for flight safety. The current study investigatedwhetherincreased flight experience as a pilotwas associated with improved spatial skills, and in particular, theability to form a mental representation of a novel virtual environment.Pilotscompleted small-scalespatial ability tasks, travelled alongfour routes in a virtual environment, and then completed two tests that assessed memory for the locations of landmarks in the environment. Pilots with more flight experience did not have more accurate mental representations of the environment than individuals with less flight experience. Increasedflyingexperience was, however, linked to better performance on a perspective-taking test. Perspective taking has been proposed as central …

Investigating Facial Electromyography As An Indicator Of Cognitive Workload, Jonathan Mead, Matt Middendorf, Christina Gruenwald, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Facial electromyography (fEMG) is an electromyographic measurement technique that has primarily been used as a tool for measuring affect, but previous experiments suggest that it also has the potential to help quantify cognitiveworkload. In the current study, two task-irrelevant facial muscles, corrugator supercilli and lateral frontalis, were monitored in real-time to determine whether they were sensitive to workload changes in a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) task environment. Real-time signal processing techniques were applied to derive the median amplitude and zero-crossing rate from windowed fEMG data. Statistical analysis of these features determined that both muscles were sensitive to variations in specific …

Advancement In Pedagogical Foundations: Developing Language Proficiency For Student Success, Stacey L. Mcintire, Juan R. Merkt, Jacqueline R. Luedtke, Timothy B. Holt, Brent D. Bowen, Hunter Watson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Interruptions in flight training and a corresponding increase in costs appear to be prevalent among universities with aviation training programs. Students in these programs have to manage both demanding academics and flight training. Additionally, international students, for whom English is not their primary language, have the added disadvantage of learning complex aviation concepts in English. In order to maximize retention in collegiate flight programs, an experimental aviation English course has been designed to helpfrontload aviation vocabulary and take a proactive approach to teaching language skills that are essential in flight training. This as a case study model includes the learning …

Aviation English Intelligibility, Julia Trippe, Eric Pederson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Aviation English (AE) is the “primary dialect” of international aviation. Demonstrably, AE and Conversational English (CE) are distinct varieties of English. Pastresearch shows that AE is spoken more rapidly, with less inflectional variation and differentrhythm than CE. Differences are strong enough that AE and CEmaynot be mutually intelligible. However, flight students are not trained in AE production and perception prior to flight training.This study examines the intelligibility relationship between AE and CE by comparing native English speaking non-pilots andnative English speaking pilots responding to actual air traffic controller transmissions. A difference between these groups was predicted, given theircomparative AE familiarity. …

Gender Role Prescriptions And Apologies, Molly Fuller

ETD Archive

Malpractice litigations in the medical field are common occurrences. In fact, across specialties, 7.4% of physicians annually have a malpractice claim. Malpractice risk exists for all physicians regardless of their medical training, gender, specialization, or severity of damage caused to patients. Data from nearly 20 years of research revealed that male physicians face malpractice claims at a significantly higher rate than female physicians, but that female physicians pay more in malpractice settlements than their male counterparts. To date, we have found no research that investigates why this gender discrepancy among malpractice settlements occurs. This study examines Social Role Theory and …

Virtual Reality And 2d Interfaces: A Comparison Of Visual Search Task Performance, Matthew Brown, Kathleen Van Benthem, James Howell, Jonathan Poisson, Scott Arburthnot, Chris Herdman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Airborne surveillance operations present challenging environments for tactical operators and for the technologies that support these activities. Information from multiple sources is currently presented on 2D displays, but the influx of data hasmade it difficult to represent this informationusing traditional technologies. Recent innovations in VR have laid the groundwork for a promising solution to this problem by allowing users to immerse themselves in 3D representations of the real worldwith embodied tracking capabilities. The present research examined thefeasibility of transitioning two common tactical operator tasks from a 2D to a 3D/VR user interface. Naive participants searchedfor targets amongst a set of …

Does The Projected-Hand Illusion Help In Teleoperation?, Lloyd Wajon, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, David A. Abbink, Erwin Boer, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

A body illusion, commonly known in the form of the “Rubber Hand Illusion”, is an illusion wherein visual inputs on an inanimate object and simultaneous tactile inputs on a part of the body lead to a situation where the inanimate object is identified as the body part. This study investigated the possibility of inducing a body illusion during a teleoperated reaching task, to see if this leads toincreased telepresence and improved accuracy. Three conditions were presented in random order; the Direct Control (DC) condition, where the participant’s hand is shown on the screen, the Projected Hand Illusion (PHI) condition, showing …

A Pedagogical Approach To Teach Aviation Students How To Conduct Situation Awareness Research, Andrew R. Dattel, Andrey Babin, Tianhua Li, Ziyi Dong, Stephanie G. Fussell, Qianru Yang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Situation awareness (SA) has been investigated in the aviation industry for decades and recently has become more prominent in other industries. For example, healthcare has experienced tremendous growth in SA research and training. Despite agreement among researchers that SA is important for performance and safety in complex domains, less agreement exists for defining and measuring SA. Certain industries (e.g., aviation, healthcare, process control operations) often have specific methods on how to approach SA. These approaches of introducing employees and students to SA in a specific context may inadvertently limit their full appreciation and understanding of this construct.

Pegasas: Weather Technology In The Cockpit, Ian Johnson, Geoff Whitehurst, Vladimir N. Risukhin, Lori J. Brown, William Rantz, Thomas K. Ferris, Trey Roady, Carolina Rodriguez-Paras, Kathryn Tippey, Mel J. Futrell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Research showsthat a high percentage of weather-related General Aviation (GA) accidents can be attributed to pilots flying into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) without experience or appropriate certifications to safely operate beyond Visual Flight Rules (VFR). To makesafety-critical decisions, pilots oftenuse weather indication delivered on screens of portable electronic devices. This information often is obsolete with a latency up to20 minutes. Web-based experiential education modules, using a flight simulation system for demonstration of this weather indication latency, can potentially mitigate this problem.Modules will be designed to provide pilots with the ability to “experience” different weather phenomenaand will include tools to improve …

Role Of Early Flying Performance In Pilot Training Tracks, Rana Ihara, Yumi Shibata, Yuko Aiba, Takenori Nomiyama, Asao Kobayashi

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Early flying skills have been reported to strongly influence future flying skills. Few published studies have evaluated the comprehensive relationship among all flying training skills. This study evaluated three causal path models for flying skills that influenced flying performance rated by instructor pilots in five training phases. A covariance structure analysis showed that asequential model with a connection between the first and last phases was optimumfor representing flying training performance and skills. The flying skill acquired in the first training phase in a primary propeller aircraft influenced the last training skill in a fighter jet directly as well as indirectly. …

Predicting Air Traffic Control Student Success And Improving Placement Through Skill Aptitude Testing, Kerry Huston, Keith Baldwin, Susan Schultheis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In orderto improve Air Traffic Control (ATC) training efficiency and reduce the risk of student failure, the FAA needstools that can predict student success and inform student placement in training. By considering student aptitude, the FAA could reduce training costs by reducing student failure rates and transfers between facilities.In order to explore the benefits of early aptitude assessment, The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) created a prototype Radar Vectoring Aptitude Test designed to be administered to students before they begin their training to assess their aptitude for the skill of radar vectoring. The FAA office of Safety and Technical Training (AJI-2) in …

Experimental Evaluation Of A Scalable Autonomy Concept For Cognitive Agents Aboard Reconnaissance Uavs, Georg Rudnick, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The concept of scalable autonomy with a guided access to lower automation levelsallows human UAV pilots to select the level of autonomy and enables the onboard automation to understand the pilot’s intent and offer support. To evaluate this concept, we conducted flightand simulationexperiments with German military personnel performing reconnaissance missions with a small UAV. We compared threeconfigurations. The high autonomy configuration completely prevents access to low-level functions. The naive approach configuration allows unrestricted access to all lower-level functions. The guided access configuration restricts access by forcing the pilot to communicate his intent first by entering mission tasks. As dependent variables, …

Evaluating Spatial-Auditory Symbology For Improved Performance In Low-Fidelity Spatial Audio Displays, Griffin D. Romigh, Jose Villa, Jason Ayers

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

For decades, spatial auditory displays have been considered to be a promising technology to help fight pilot disorientation and loss of SA. Inherently heads-up, these displays can provide time-critical spatial information to pilots about navigational targets, air and runway traffic, wingman location, and even the attitude of one’s aircraft without placing additional demands on the already over-tasked visual system. Unfortunately, currently-fielded auditory displays often suffer from poor spatial fidelity, particularly in elevation, due to their use of a one-size-fits-all (i.e., non-personalized) head-related transfer function (HRTF), the set offilters responsible for creating the spatial impression. The current study investigated the utility …

Engineering For Humans: A New Extension To Systems Theoretic Process Analysis, Megan France, John Thomas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a new hazard analysis method developed at MIT to address a broad range of accident causal factors including dysfunctional interactions among components, design flaws, and requirements problems. This paper presentsa new extension for analyzing human interactions with automation and understanding why unsafe behaviors may appear appropriate in the operational context. The extension is demonstrated by applying it to pilot control of aircraft pitch control during stall recoveryusing scenarios from theAir France 447 accident

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Evaluating U.S. Army Aviation Training, Martin S. Goodwin, Lauren Reinerman-Jones, Brian F. Goldiez, Robert A. Crapanzano

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The U.S. Army is seeking to update and expand its use of simulation-based aviation trainingto address operational and fiscal concerns that are driving the need for more efficient training solutions.This has created a needto evaluate whether lower-cost, game-based simulations may potentially augment higher-cost, traditional simulation-based trainingfor specific aviation training tasks.However, current approaches to Training Effectiveness Evaluation (TEE) do not address the complete range of factors to adequately evaluate today’s increasingly sophisticated simulation training environments. Leveraging recent research and drawing from the tools and techniques of human performance assessment, instructional science, and phenomenology, an interdisciplinary approach to performing TEEs is introduced …

Increasing Acceptance Of Haptic Feedback In Uav Teleoperations By Visualizing Force Fields, Victor Ho, Clark Borst, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In tele-operating an UAV, human operators fully rely on cameras to control thevehicle from a distance. To increase operator situation awareness and reduce workload, haptic feedback on the control stick has been developed which acts as an automatic collision avoidance system. A virtual force field surrounding the moving vehicle interacts with obstacles surrounding it,yielding repulsive forces on the stick that leadthe vehicle away from them. Albeit successful in significantly reducing the number of collisions,thehaptic interfacereceivedlow user acceptance ratings.Operators do not always fully understand the collision avoidance automation intentions, and they experience the haptic forces as intrusive. This paper discusses thedevelopment …

Human Decision Making And Threat-Awareness Response During Emergency Aircraft Evacuations, Sarah Hubbard, Tim Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Aircraft emergencies requiring evacuation present unique safety challenges to both crew and passengers due to theconfined space and the speed at which fire, extreme heatand smoke propagate. In thisscenario, where a one or two second delay can literally determine survivability, rapid evacuation is paramount. Although evacuation capability is demonstrated through requiredand controlleddrillsfor aircraft certification, during a real emergencyhuman factorsaffect passenger decision making, in some cases resulting in the decisionto retrieve personal items during actual emergency evacuations. This may pose a significant threat to post-accident survivability. This research evaluates evacuation decision making and the associated impact on passenger exit flow, during …

Work Dynamics Of Task Work And Teamwork In Function Allocation For Manned Spaceflight Operations, Martijn Ijtsma, Lanassie M. Ma, Amy R. Pritchett, Karen M. Feigh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper proposes a methodology for human-robot function allocation for future manned space exploration missions that uses fast-time computational simulation. Dynamics of taskwork and teamwork often result in emergent work patterns that are difficult to predict from static analysis of function allocations. Wemodel thedynamics of taskwork and teamwork and demonstrate our approach through a case study that explores the function allocation design space for an on-orbit maintenancemissioninvolving humans and various robots. The case study highlightsthe method’s ability to predict possible concerns associated with limited availability of physical resources, action interdependencies, and communication requirements with possible time delays, and shows the …

Empirically Evaluating Representational Aids For Target Tracking And Sensor Management, Taleri Hammack, Jared Neely, Terry Stanard, Jason Roll, John Flach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Today, security officers at military and civilian installations are often required to track people and vehicles (targets) movingin a remote space using a distributed array of stationary security cameras. A pervasive tracking challenge is maintaining view of the target as it moves through the restricted fields of view of different cameras. The current research explores how different displaydesigns indicating camera fields of viewimpact the operator’s situation awareness of the next best camera to continue viewing a moving target. Three different interface displays(Full North-Up Map, Peripheral Display, and Track-Up Mini-Map) wereevaluated over four experimental conditions.While having all display types available was …

Human Performance Assessment: Evaluation And Experimental Use Of Wearable Sensors For Brain Activity Measures, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Dale Richards, Lei Ding, Chen Ling, Ben Willems

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The emerging wearable human performance monitoring technologies can help evaluate the cognitive status and capacities of the crew in the cockpit as well as those operating ground control stations. Traditionally the use of behavioral measures and subjective metrics has been used to address cognitive factors associated with pilots or operators of safety critical systems. However, the advance in wearable physiologytechnologies could provide additional performance metrics directly driven from brain based measures, potentially validating subjective assessments and ultimately bringing us closer towardsmaintaining safe and effective performance. Furthermore, these techniques may also aidthe design and evaluation of new technologies that are being …

Student Perceptions On The Usefulness Of Simulation-Based Training, Andrea M. Georgiou, Megan E. Wertheimer, Megan E. Snodgrass

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The NASA Flight Operations Center Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab is a high-fidelity simulation of an airline operations center. Its purpose is to train senior aerospace students to collaborate and communicate effectively with team members in a highly interdependent environment that mirrors the airline industry. Data wascollected from the participants on their perceptions and the lessons learned from running the lab. These results were analyzed across elevensemestersover the last five years. Specifically,the quantitative data captured student perceptions about whether the lab was helpful in preparing them for their future job demands. The qualitative questions assessed their most important lessons learned, the …

Toward Identifying Risk In Operational Performance Of Atc Procedures, Paul Krois, Julia Pounds

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Managing operationalperformance to reduce risk in the execution of air traffic control (ATC) procedures depends on understanding human performance in relation to patterns established in procedures. Procedures specify performance requirements meant to minimize unintended variation that is outside expected performance criteria and tolerances.We define human performance risk as unintended variation outside theenvelope of applicable procedures.

The Effect Of Surprise On Upset Recovery Performance, Annemarie Landman, Eric L. Groen, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Introducing the element of surprise is one of the main challenges in simulator training of in-flight emergencies. In this simulator study, we investigated the differences in performance betweenpredictable and surprising circumstances, in order to obtaininsight into the transferof training between predictable training settings and surprising circumstances in operational practice. This was done bytestingtwenty airline pilots who recovered froman aerodynamic stall in two conditions: one anticipationcondition and one surprise condition. All pilots practiced beforehand using predictable, or non-surprising scenarios. The results show that pilots had significantly more difficulties in adhering to components of the FAA-commissioned recovery template in the surprise condition …