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2017

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Articles 121 - 149 of 149

Full-Text Articles in Other Psychiatry and Psychology

Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training, David Gayraud, Nadine Matton, Andre Tricot Jan 2017

Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training, David Gayraud, Nadine Matton, Andre Tricot

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Wedesigned a specific SA training module and tested whether it would enhance the SA competency of pilot trainees during initial training. Twelve pilot trainees took part to the empirical phase of the study. They were pseudo-randomly assigned to two conditions, the experimental group (n=6) who received the SA training module and the control group (n=6) who did not receive any specific SA training. All pilot trainees were assessed during a flight simulator session in order to evaluate objectively their levels of SA (SAGAT, Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, Endsley, 1995). Results highlighted that the SA levels …

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Development Of A Model Of ‘See And Avoid’ In Parachuting, Victoria Cutler, Saskia Revell Jan 2017

Development Of A Model Of ‘See And Avoid’ In Parachuting, Victoria Cutler, Saskia Revell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The UK military undertakes in-depth investigations of serious parachuting accidents, which have recently included two mid-air collisions. The analysis of these accidents identified that collision avoidance in parachuting uses similar processes to the see-and-avoidtask performed by aircraft pilots. However, no research was identified that had explored see-and-avoid when parachuting. Accordingly, a model of parachuting see-and-avoidwas developed which consisted of six stages which must be performed in sequence for a collision to be avoided successfully. Each stage of see-and-avoid wasassociated with key errors, the likelihood of which wasinfluenced by a range of factors within the individual, their operating environment, and equipment. …

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Quantifying Pilot Contribution To Flight Safety During An In-Flight Airspeed Failure, Timothy J. Etherington, Rockwell Collins, Lynda J. Kramer, Randall E. Bailey, Kellie D. Kennedey Jan 2017

Quantifying Pilot Contribution To Flight Safety During An In-Flight Airspeed Failure, Timothy J. Etherington, Rockwell Collins, Lynda J. Kramer, Randall E. Bailey, Kellie D. Kennedey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Accident statistics cite the flight crew as a causal factor in over 60% of large transport fatal accidents. Yet a well-trained and well-qualified crew is acknowledged as the critical center point of aircraft systemssafety and an integral component of the entire commercial aviation system. A human-in-the-loop test was conducted using a Level D certifiedBoeing 737-800 simulator to evaluate the pilot’s contribution to safety-of-flight during routine air carrier flightoperations and in response to system failures. To quantify the human’s contribution, crew complement was used as an independent variable in a between-subjects design. This paper details the crew’s actions and responses while …

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Federal Aviation Administration Flight Deck Human Factors Research Program, Sheryl L. Chappell, Regina G. Bolinger, Ashley C. Awwad Jan 2017

Federal Aviation Administration Flight Deck Human Factors Research Program, Sheryl L. Chappell, Regina G. Bolinger, Ashley C. Awwad

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The next generation air transportation system (NextGen) is a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art technologies and procedures that improves national airspace system(NAS)capacity and efficiency, while maintaining world-class safety. In order to realize these improvements,the roles and the systems ofpilots and controllers are changing. Advanced technologies and new procedures make the information and the tasksmore complex. The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Flight Deck Human Factors Research Programexamines flightcrew interaction with current and future technology and pilotperformance of flight procedures. Human factors scientists across industry, government,and academia produce scientific and technical data-driven recommendationsto support the FAA’s development of regulatory standards, policies, and other …

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Self-Deception And Impression Management In Commercial Pilots: An Underreported And Potential Confound In Aviation Research, Tabitha T. Black, Ryan Sain, Steven M. Vera Jan 2017

Self-Deception And Impression Management In Commercial Pilots: An Underreported And Potential Confound In Aviation Research, Tabitha T. Black, Ryan Sain, Steven M. Vera

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

A concern when administering questionnaires is whether the participant is providing information that is accurate. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding(BIDR) was used to assess commercial pilots’ socially desirable responding resulting in two profiles: Impression management (IM; faking bad) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE; faking good). These pilots’ profiles were compared to the Aviation Safety Locus of Control(ASLOC) scale, used to measure external (ASLOC-E) or internal (ASLOC-I)orientation, and the Crew Resource Management Training Survey(CRMTS)developed from the Federal Aviation Administration’s guidelines for CRM. The results from the SDE indicated that over a fourth of the participants responded in a …

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Sms Hazard Analysis At A University Flight School, Don Crews, Wendy Beckman Jan 2017

Sms Hazard Analysis At A University Flight School, Don Crews, Wendy Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

For the last several years, the flight school of a mid-sizeduniversity has been working to implement a safety management system (SMS). As part of the effort, a robust self-reporting system has been developed, from which data has been used to effect changes in school policies and procedures. In thisproject, the safety reports that have accumulated over the life of the reporting systemwere classified based on the hazards experiencedwhich caused the report generation.Non-use of standard procedures was found to be theleading hazard, with 90 of the 176 reports indicating improper procedure application. The traffic pattern at the non-towered airport wherethe flight …

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Self-Leadership Strategies & Performance Perspectives Within Student Aviation Teams, Christopher Ryan Bearden Jan 2017

Self-Leadership Strategies & Performance Perspectives Within Student Aviation Teams, Christopher Ryan Bearden

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Thisstudy uses a correlational-design to explore relationships betweenpeer ratings of team member effectiveness, supervisor ratings of performance, and self-reportedperformancestrategiesassociated with self-leadership.Team members that were perceived as effective by their peers were also favorably rated on job performance by their supervisors. Peer-ratings onpossession of job-relevant knowledge, skills, and abilitiesincreased with frequency of communication behaviors, as rated by supervisors.This finding replicates previous research that suggests talking leads to perceived expertise in teams.Finally, self-goal setting was found to be related to peer-rated teammate effectiveness, but not supervisor-rated performance.

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Individual Pilot Factors Predict Diversion Management During A Simulated Cross- Country Vfr Flight, Kathleen Van Benthem Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D. Jan 2017

Individual Pilot Factors Predict Diversion Management During A Simulated Cross- Country Vfr Flight, Kathleen Van Benthem Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The risk of an accident during general aviation (GA) flight increases when pilots are required to make unexpected diversions. Specifically, a diversion may result in loss of situation awareness (SA). Loss of SA is associated with controlled flight into terrain,incorrect trajectory for orbiting or landing, or becoming lost en route. In the present study, 44 GA pilots (aged 41 to 74 years) flew a cross-country route in a Cessna 172 simulator and encountered an unexpected diversion to an alternate aerodrome. The outcome measure consisted of a diversion management score. Significant predictors of diversion management were pilot age and license, a …

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Transparency And Conflict Resolution Automation Reliability In Air Trffic Control, Fitri Trapsilawati, Christopher Wickens, Chun-Hsien Chen, Xingda Qu Jan 2017

Transparency And Conflict Resolution Automation Reliability In Air Trffic Control, Fitri Trapsilawati, Christopher Wickens, Chun-Hsien Chen, Xingda Qu

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper investigates the automation reliability and the transparency in automation conflict resolutionadvisories for air traffic control. Fourgeneral effects: those of traffic load, those of expertise and,those of imperfect automationand its mitigation by automation transparencyin the context of the lumberjack analogywere examined. The results showed that the two automation functions, theconflict resolution advisor (CRA)and thevertical situation display (VSD) offer benefits for both novice andprofessional controllers’s performance and increased situation awarenessacross traffic loads, even when the former is of imperfect reliability.

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Effects On Task Performance And Psychophysiological Measures Of Performance During Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure, Chad Stephens, Kellie Kennedy, Nicholas Napoli, Matthew Demas, Laura Barnes, Brenda Crook, Ralph Williams, Mary Carolyn Last, Paul Schutte Jan 2017

Effects On Task Performance And Psychophysiological Measures Of Performance During Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure, Chad Stephens, Kellie Kennedy, Nicholas Napoli, Matthew Demas, Laura Barnes, Brenda Crook, Ralph Williams, Mary Carolyn Last, Paul Schutte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Human-autonomous systems have the potential to mitigate pilot cognitive impairment and improve aviation safety.A research team at NASA Langley conducted an experiment to study the impact of mild normobaric hypoxia induction on aircraft pilot performance and psychophysiological state. A within-subjects design involved non-hypoxic and hypoxic exposures while performing three 10-minute tasks.Results indicated the effect of 15,000 feet simulated altitude did not induce significant performance decrementbut did produce increasein perceived workload. Analyses of psychophysiological responses evince the potential of biomarkers for hypoxia onset. This study represents on-going work at NASA intending to add to the current knowledge of psychophysiologically-based input to …

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Warhorse: A New Approach To Manned/Unmanned Teaming, Paul Schutte, Ralph Williams, Ronald Daiker Jan 2017

Warhorse: A New Approach To Manned/Unmanned Teaming, Paul Schutte, Ralph Williams, Ronald Daiker

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper presents a multi-human/multi-vehicle control and integration concept called Warhorse. Warhorse is a control paradigm that is applied to all vehicles (air or ground) that are used in conducting operations. The Warhorse concept aids humans in developing operational plans, enacting a plan using single or multiple vehicles (manned and/or unmanned), and individually controlling a single vehicle (i.e., one-on-one). It synergistically integrates the human with the machine so that the warfighter can bring all their skills and experience to bear on accomplishing the mission.

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Task Analysis Of Two Crew Operations In The Flight Deck: Investigating The Feasibility Of Using Single Pilot, Paul Schutte Jan 2017

Task Analysis Of Two Crew Operations In The Flight Deck: Investigating The Feasibility Of Using Single Pilot, Paul Schutte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper describes a task analysis of two crew operations in the flight deck in Part 121 Operations from gate to gate on a cross country flight. In addition, several non-normal scenarios wereanalyzed. Literature and operations materials werecombined to develop the task lists. A primary source for this study is“An Exploration of Function Analysis and Function Allocation in the Commercial Flight Domain” by McGuire, et. al. (1991). Once the tasks wereidentified, they wereset to an actually flight time schedule. Each task wasassigned to either the Pilot Flying(PF) or the Pilot Monitoring (PM) in today’s operations. Additionally, tasks werecategorized as: discrete …

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Human-Machine Articulation Work: Functional Dependency Dialogue For Human-Machine Teaming, Clayton D. Rothwell, Valerie L. Shalin Jan 2017

Human-Machine Articulation Work: Functional Dependency Dialogue For Human-Machine Teaming, Clayton D. Rothwell, Valerie L. Shalin

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Articulation work is an overlooked requirement for successful human-machine teams. Articulation work captures the often hidden task management activities human-human teams regularly perform in response to functional dependencies amongst team members. While human-human teams demonstrate articulation work through language, human-machine teams currently do not. Aviation is replete with examples, from the superficially mundane adaptation inherent in the turnaround of commercial aircraft to the life-threatening misunderstanding in Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 and Asiana Flight 214. Current research in human-machine language-mediated interaction has failed to study tasks that are sufficiently complicated to require articulation work, resulting in a misleading optimism about the …

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A Comparison Of Helmet-Mounted Display Symbologies During Live Flight Operational Tasks, Thomas Schnell, Christopher Reichlen, Christopher Reuter, Eric Geiselman, Jonathan Knox, Henry Williams Jan 2017

A Comparison Of Helmet-Mounted Display Symbologies During Live Flight Operational Tasks, Thomas Schnell, Christopher Reichlen, Christopher Reuter, Eric Geiselman, Jonathan Knox, Henry Williams

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Spatial disorientation continues to be one of the most costly problems in military aviation, as measured by both life and equipment loss. The unique Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) centric interface within 5 th generation aircraft has the potential to increase tactical capabilitywhen compared toprevious similar-role aircraft.This study investigated the addition of off-axis ownship attitude information within the HMD field-of-view when the operator looksaway from the virtual Head-Up Display (vHUD). In some 5 th generation aircraft, traditional HUD symbology is presented via the HMD as there is no aircraft-fixed combiner. In some instances, the only attitude information included via the HMD is …

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Application Of Big Data Systems To Aviation And Aerospace Fields; Pertinent Human Factors Considerations, Chang-Guen Oh Jan 2017

Application Of Big Data Systems To Aviation And Aerospace Fields; Pertinent Human Factors Considerations, Chang-Guen Oh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The aviation and aerospacearetypical areas that can apply big data systems due to theirscales. This paper identifies aviation/aerospaceareas that canutilize big data infrastructures to enhance their operational performances, and lightens human factors considerations related to the use of big data. The NextGen’s network-centric infrastructure defines sharing a huge amount of aeronautics, flight, and weather dataunder the system wide information management program. Sensors installed on aircraft components extract huge numbers of aircraft health and operational status data.All professionals who work in the different aviation sectorsrequire this shared situational awareness information for their own distinctive purposes, and big data systems will enable …

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Cognitive Ergonomics And Knowledge Management: A New Model Of Addressing Aviation Issues, Ronald John Lofaro Jan 2017

Cognitive Ergonomics And Knowledge Management: A New Model Of Addressing Aviation Issues, Ronald John Lofaro

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The field of cognitive/knowledge engineering (CE/KE) has expanded to encompassa subset called knowledge management (KM).The main difference between KM and KE isthat the knowledge manager establishes the direction the process should take, whereas the knowledge engineer develops the means to accomplish that direction. Cognitive Ergonomics, also a discipline within CE/KE, deals with decision-making, skilled performance(s) and trainingwith a focus onthe fit between human cognitive abilities/limitations and selected task(s)... all areasvital to aviation. This paper will briefly showthe components and processes of anew model for decision-making usingall these disciplines andPareto analysis in a blended Delphi, beginning with a small group delphi …

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Status Of Faa Air Traffic Control Fatigue Interventions 2013-2016, Darendia Mccauley Jan 2017

Status Of Faa Air Traffic Control Fatigue Interventions 2013-2016, Darendia Mccauley

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has long been concerned with the impact of fatigue in Air Traffic Operations. Fatigue has been cited as a factor in operational incidents. The shift work and quick turn-around shifts contribute to this problem. In conjunction with the collective bargaining agreement, FAA management and the National Air Traffic Association (NATCA) agreed to jointly develop a series of interventions designed to mitigate some of the aspects of fatigue in the controller workforce. This resulted in a Fatigue Group comprised of FAA management, NATCA representatives, and fatigue scientists. Following 15 work-intensive meetings, the Fatigue Risk Management Group …

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Four-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training, Maxine Lubner Ph.D., Deb Henneberry M.A., Sharon Devivo Ed.D., Andrew R. Dattel Ph.D., Emerson Allen B.S. Jan 2017

Four-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training, Maxine Lubner Ph.D., Deb Henneberry M.A., Sharon Devivo Ed.D., Andrew R. Dattel Ph.D., Emerson Allen B.S.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Sixteen students, who began with 0-20 flight hours, enrolled in an intensive, simulator based, collegiate training program. They completed their training with fewer flight hours than the US average: FAA Private Pilot within 4-6 weeks; instrument ratings in 3-4 weeks; Commercial within an average of 20 weeks and CFI ratings in an average of 40 weeks and all graduated with Bachelor’s degrees (ISAP, 2013). The students had met selection criteria. At the time, indicators of success included variables associatedwith simulator based training, camaraderie, shared learning and opportunities to reflect on training. Four years later, 81% are now flying professionally: eight …

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How Automation May Transform The Ways In Which Crew Manage Peak Workload And Incapacitation, Nick Mcdonald, Alison Kay, Rabea Morrison, Margaret Ryan Jan 2017

How Automation May Transform The Ways In Which Crew Manage Peak Workload And Incapacitation, Nick Mcdonald, Alison Kay, Rabea Morrison, Margaret Ryan

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

A ‘Crew Manage the Operation’ concept was developed as a unifying framework to analysethe combined role of diverse technologies in supporting the management of peak workload and incapacitation. Multiple-crew configurations meanthat many of the same technologies are supporting quite contrasting instantiation of crew roles. While Proactive and Immediate modes support the independence of the crew in their cockpit, both reactive modes of workload management pose questions about the information flow between the cockpit and ground control, and in turn about the level of support or, in the final mode, effective interventionthat could be provided from the ground. These issues are …

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Development Of Increasingly Autonomous Traffic Data Manager Using Pilot Relevancy And Ranking Data, Lisa R. Le Vie, Vincent E. Houston Jan 2017

Development Of Increasingly Autonomous Traffic Data Manager Using Pilot Relevancy And Ranking Data, Lisa R. Le Vie, Vincent E. Houston

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

NASA’s Safe Autonomous Systems Operations (SASO) project goal is to define and safely enable all future airspace operations by justifiable and optimal autonomy for advanced air, ground, and connected capabilities. This work showcases how Increasingly Autonomous Systems (IAS) could create operational transformations beneficial to the enhancement of civil aviationsafety and efficiency. One such IAS under development is the Traffic Data Manager (TDM). This concept is a prototype ‘intelligent party-line’ system that would declutter and parse out non-relevant air traffic, displaying only relevant air traffic to the aircrewin a digital data communications (DataComm) environment. As an initial step, over 22,000 data …

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Able Flight At Purdue, Wesley Major, Raymart Tinio, Sarah Hubbard Jan 2017

Able Flight At Purdue, Wesley Major, Raymart Tinio, Sarah Hubbard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper discusses the human factors considerations associated with Able Flightat Purdue, a program that provides flight training to individualswith disabilities. The program requires a tailored approach to training due to the varied needs specific to each individual. Aircraft procedures and airfield operations are standard and all FAA regulations are followed, however, the way individuals with limited dexterity, limited hearing, or limited speech interact with the aviation system needs to be creatively approached with an open mind. The critical thinking used to address individual needs provides an excellent demonstration of problem solving that reflects human factorsconsiderations, based on the SHELL …

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Innovative Airport Visual Aids To Enhance Situational Awareness And Flight Training For General Aviation, Wesley Major, Sarah Hubbard Jan 2017

Innovative Airport Visual Aids To Enhance Situational Awareness And Flight Training For General Aviation, Wesley Major, Sarah Hubbard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Runway incursionsare a threat to runway safety andhave been increasing in recent years. Incursions are categorized into three categories, pilot deviations (PD), operational incidents (OI), and vehicle pedestrian deviations (VPD). At general aviation airports, PDs are the most prevalent runway incursion type. Inadequate situational awareness is one of the human factors associated with PDs. Student pilots,pilots flying to an unfamiliar airport, ground operations personnel, and emergencyplanning and emergency responders can benefit from the use of visual aids that extend beyond an airport diagram or static Google Earth imagery. More robust visual aids can potentially increase situational awareness and reduce the …

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Teamwork And Emergent Cognitive States As Predictors Of Routine And Adaptive Performance In Flight Dispatch Centers, Glenn E. Littlepage, Megan Wertheimer Jan 2017

Teamwork And Emergent Cognitive States As Predictors Of Routine And Adaptive Performance In Flight Dispatch Centers, Glenn E. Littlepage, Megan Wertheimer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This study examines relations between the emergent cognitive state of transactive memory, the emergent affective state of collective efficacy, teamwork processes, and team performance. Mediation is examined as well as comparison of states and processes related to performance in routine and non-routine situations.

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Effects Of Radar Side Conflict Probe Functionality On Atc Conflict Detection Performance And Efficiency, Anthony J. Masalonis, Ben Willems, Thomas Fincannon Jan 2017

Effects Of Radar Side Conflict Probe Functionality On Atc Conflict Detection Performance And Efficiency, Anthony J. Masalonis, Ben Willems, Thomas Fincannon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

We investigated integrating Conflict Probe (CP) on air traffic controllers’ Radar Side (R-Side) displays. Eight controllers worked realistic, high-trafficsimulation scenarios alone, using both R-Side and Radar Associate Side (RA-Side) displays. We manipulated CP presence on the R-Side— like today,italways appeared on the RA-Side—and the presence of yellow alerts for near-conflicts. We used established controller performance and workload metrics, plus novel operational analyses not used in past studies. R-Side CP had few workload effects, but increased voice communications when we included yellow alerts. It improved the efficiency of correcting conflict-inducing clearances, and seemed to facilitate proactive control to avertmore urgent alerts. …

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The Mobius Strip Of Total Health: Manipulation Of Thinking Prior To Exercise Activity, Joseph A. Schenk Jan 2017

The Mobius Strip Of Total Health: Manipulation Of Thinking Prior To Exercise Activity, Joseph A. Schenk

Honors College Theses

Research shows mental and physical health are interdependent. We sought to test various methods of external motivation to effect change in the physical performance and mental health of students enrolled in walking classes. We hypothesized that if there was a correlation between physical exercise and mental health and we could motivate individuals to exercise, then that motivation would in turn result in better mental health. Participants, 19 in the pilot and 320 in the main study, were randomly assigned into three groups to receive messages prior to conducting physical activity: those who received neutral messages about exercise, those who received …

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The Implications Of Attachment Orientation And Personality Pathology For Detecting Deception, Madeline Luedke Jan 2017

The Implications Of Attachment Orientation And Personality Pathology For Detecting Deception, Madeline Luedke

Global Tides

This study investigated the implications of attachment orientations and personality dimensions for accuracy in detecting deception from emotionally-based statements. Thirty individuals (M age = 25.33, range = 18-52) completed a survey that included the Personality Inventory for DSM-V-Brief Form and the Relationship Styles Questionnaire to measure the individual differences in question. To measure deceit, 7 mental health counselors volunteered to participate in a video-recorded mock interview concerning their current romantic partner—3 individuals provided false responses, and the remaining 4 offered true answers. The audio-visual vignettes were imbedded in the survey and subjects viewed each, then responded a question asking …

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The Influence Of Genetic And Environmental Factors On Quit Attempt In Adolescent And Young Adult Twins, Gladys Langi Jan 2017

The Influence Of Genetic And Environmental Factors On Quit Attempt In Adolescent And Young Adult Twins, Gladys Langi

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental influences on lifetime quit attempt in three US adolescent and young adult twin samples (N total = 6,322). The study utilized a common-contingent-causal (CCC) model to estimate these factors for lifetime quit attempts, after accounting for the factors for lifetime cigarette use and cigarettes per day. The study also examined age and sex differences, as well as the degree of relationship between these smoking phenotypes. The results demonstrated significant genetic influences for lifetime quit attempts in adolescents and young adults. No sex differences were observed for the contributions …

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Treatment Choice Among Combat Veterans, Zachary Clayborne Dietrich Jan 2017

Treatment Choice Among Combat Veterans, Zachary Clayborne Dietrich

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

A plethora of research has investigated PTSD treatment outcomes among Veterans of foreign wars. However, research has suggested mixed treatment efficacy. Although investigations into factors that may help predict treatment outcomes are emerging, to date no study has evaluated treatment choice among Veteran populations. Previous treatment choice studies have yielded qualitative and quantitative information that can be useful in clinical decision-making. This study looks to build upon the treatment choice literature with combat Veterans to evaluate for underlining characteristics of cohorts that will help build upon existing knowledge. It has been suggested that treatment benefits Vietnam Era Veterans more than …

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Developmental Trajectories Of Alcohol Use And Alcohol Use Disorder, Elizabeth C. Long Jan 2017

Developmental Trajectories Of Alcohol Use And Alcohol Use Disorder, Elizabeth C. Long

Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use (AU) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are leading causes of morbidity, premature death, and economic burden. They are also associated with high levels of disability and many other negative outcomes. Twin and family studies have consistently shown that AU and AUD are complex traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although much has been learned about the genetic and environmental etiology of AU and AUD, significant gaps remain. These include the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of risk and protective factors, and the nature of developmental trajectories underpinning the progression from AU to …

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