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Articles 61 - 90 of 148
Full-Text Articles in Other Psychiatry and Psychology
Building An Interlocking Human Factors Research And Development Program, Jacqueline Rehmann, Dino Piccione, Richard Mogford Ph.D.
Building An Interlocking Human Factors Research And Development Program, Jacqueline Rehmann, Dino Piccione, Richard Mogford Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) partners with the National Astronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to manage and integrate research on enhanced air- and ground-based air traffic management technologies. This partnership, designed to integrate air traffic decision support tools, concepts, and procedures, was formalized in September 1995. Coordinated research initiatives are described in joint research project descriptions (JRPDs) that define objectives, approach, responsibilities, mission relevance, goals, and outcomes. JRPD 12 is unique in that, as a cross-cutting JRPD, it ensures relevant human factors research issues, methods, metrics, and findings of individual programs of both organizations are made known to, shared, and …
External Aids And Age Differences In Pilot Communication, Daniel Morrow, Dervon Chang, Christopher Wickens, Esa Rantanen, Liza Raquel
External Aids And Age Differences In Pilot Communication, Daniel Morrow, Dervon Chang, Christopher Wickens, Esa Rantanen, Liza Raquel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The use of external aids (e.g., a kneepad) can reduce the demands of Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication on pilots’ working memory during routine flight. Older pilots may especially benefit from such aids because of agerelated declines in working memory, although cognitive declines may impair the ability to coordinate the use of these aids with concurrent flight navigation and control tasks. We investigated the use of two external aids that may vary in ease of coordination: a conventional knee pad and an electronic notepad, or e-pad. Participants were 6 older (50-65 years) and 6 younger (20-40) active instrument-rated pilots. While …
The Recording Of Flight Time By Pilots, Redolf G. Mortimer Phd
The Recording Of Flight Time By Pilots, Redolf G. Mortimer Phd
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Flight time is an important index of the flight exposure of pilots and is used in estimating the accident rates of pilots, but we are not aware of prior attempts to determine how the underlying data are obtained. This study used two surveys of civilian U.S. pilots to learn how they measured and recorded flight time. Pilots used a timer, watch, the Hobbs meter or tachometer to measure the duration of flights. Professional pilots flying on scheduled flights used company or block time as the criterion of the duration of a flight, while 79% of private pilots used the time …
An Evaluation Of Scanning Of Integrated Hazard Displays As A Function Of Size And Event Detection Performance, Emily K. Mathard, Christopher D. Wickens
An Evaluation Of Scanning Of Integrated Hazard Displays As A Function Of Size And Event Detection Performance, Emily K. Mathard, Christopher D. Wickens
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The present study was designed to assess the influence of display enlargement on pilot scanning patterns and event detection performance. Nineteen pilots monitored an integrated hazard display for changes in the altitude or heading of traffic aircraft and weather systems. Analyses revealed that event detection accuracy and response time were unaffected by display size, suggesting pilots compensated for display enlargements by strategically widening scanning patterns. While eye movement data revealed that attention was allocated to the peripheral display regions regardless of display size, individuals who were poor at detecting events were less likely to attend to these display areas. The …
Beyond Automation Surprises: A Simulator Study Of Disturbance Management On Highly Automated Flight Decks, Mark I. Nikolic, Nadine B. Sarter
Beyond Automation Surprises: A Simulator Study Of Disturbance Management On Highly Automated Flight Decks, Mark I. Nikolic, Nadine B. Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Error prevention alone will never be sufficient for improving safety in complex high-risk systems, such as aviation. This approach needs to be combined with better support for error and disturbance management which, in turn, requires an improved understanding of current strategies for coping with errors and the resulting disturbances to the flight. The present research has sought systematic empirical evidence to expand our understanding of the disturbance management process on modern flight decks. A simulator study was conducted with twelve B747-400 airline pilots in order to examine (the effectiveness of) their strategies for diagnosing and recovering from disturbances, and the …
Operators’ Time Perception Under Stress, R. V. Nayeem, T. Oran-Gilad, P. A. Hancock
Operators’ Time Perception Under Stress, R. V. Nayeem, T. Oran-Gilad, P. A. Hancock
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Time perception is extremely important to the understanding, design and use of complex aviation systems. This experiment focused on differences in time estimation, flight performance, and monitoring tasks. In a betweensubjects experiment, participants navigated through a flight scenario while monitoring a switch and listening to white noise at either 55dBA or 85dBA. Flight performance data and monitoring data were collected throughout the task. Participants also completed the NASA-TLX and the DSSQ-S. Statistical analyses showed that the noise condition did not significantly affect workload, monitoring abilities, task completion and subjective stress questionnaires for the dual task. However, the 85dBA condition significantly …
Mishap Trends In Several Air Force Aircraft: Implications For Crm Training, Robert Nullmeyer, Lt Col David Stella, Gregg Montijo
Mishap Trends In Several Air Force Aircraft: Implications For Crm Training, Robert Nullmeyer, Lt Col David Stella, Gregg Montijo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Human factors trends in C-130, F-16, and A-10 mishaps were reviewed for relevance to cockpit/crew resource management (CRM) course content. The current Air Force Safety Center human factors taxonomy includes about 360 detailed human factors elements. About sixty of these taxonomy elements map directly into the six CRM core areas identified in Air Force Flying Operations publications (communication, risk management/decision making, situational awareness, task management, crew coordination/flight integrity, and mission preparation/ debriefing). This small fraction of human factors elements accounted for well over half of the causal and strongly contributing factors cited in each platform. The relative contributions of specific …
Integrated Automation Enhances Air Traffic Controller Conflict Detection Performance Under Free Flight, Raja Parasuraman, Ulla Metzger
Integrated Automation Enhances Air Traffic Controller Conflict Detection Performance Under Free Flight, Raja Parasuraman, Ulla Metzger
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Previous simulation studies have shown that, without the assistance of automation, controllers have difficulty in timely detection and resolution of aircraft-to-aircraft conflicts under future air traffic management concepts such as Free Flight (Galster et al., 2001; Metzger & Parasuraman, in press). However, how automated information on potential conflicts should be displayed to the controller is not well understood. In the present study, we reasoned that automation that was integrated with the primary radar display would be effective in enhancing conflict detetction. We also manipulated display modality so that the automation provided information to the controller using simple visual, enhanced visual, …
Competence-Based Assessment Design For Air Traffic Control Training, Esther Oprins, Ernst Burggraaff, Hans Van Weerdenburg
Competence-Based Assessment Design For Air Traffic Control Training, Esther Oprins, Ernst Burggraaff, Hans Van Weerdenburg
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Air Traffic Control (ATC) simulator and on-the-job training (OJT) requires a valid and reliable assessment system. Competence-based assessment results in more effective learning processes, better pass/fail decisions and improved selection criteria which may contribute to an increased output of competent controllers from training. This paper describes the design of the assessment system in use by Air Traffic Control the Netherlands (LVNL).
The Good, The Not-So-Bad, And The Ugly: Computer-Detected Altitude, Heading, And Speed Changes, Elaine M. Pfleiderer
The Good, The Not-So-Bad, And The Ugly: Computer-Detected Altitude, Heading, And Speed Changes, Elaine M. Pfleiderer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The relationship between communication events and controller workload has been well established. Unfortunately, a substantial amount of time and effort is required to transcribe and code these events. Alternative measures might be preferable if they could be obtained more easily. Manning, Mills, Fox, Pfleiderer, and Mogilka (2002) found that, relative to a set of computer-derived measures, communication events might not add enough unique information to the prediction of subjective workload to justify the effort involved in obtaining them. At the time the study was conducted, computer-derived measures of altitude, heading, and speed changes were not available. The present investigation compares …
Risk Factors For Fatal General Aviation Accidents In Degraded Visual Conditions, Jana M. Price, Loren S. Groff
Risk Factors For Fatal General Aviation Accidents In Degraded Visual Conditions, Jana M. Price, Loren S. Groff
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The prevalence of weather-related general aviation (GA) accidents has declined over the past two decades, yet the fatality rate of these accidents remains high. The goal of this study was to examine predictors of fatality within a set of weather-related GA accidents to determine if there are particular factors that contribute to excessively high fatality rates. 3,206 weather-related GA accidents from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Aviation Accident Database were analyzed using univariate chi-squares and binary logistic regression. A variety of pilot, aircraft, flight, and accident-related factors were evaluated to determine if they increased the odds of pilot fatality. …
A Human Factors Approach For The Analysis And The Encoding Of Aviation Accidents And Incidents: A Validation Study, Y. Pouliquen, O. Ferrante, P. Jouniaux, G. Nicolas, P. Cabon, F. Rome, M. Wolff, R. Mollard
A Human Factors Approach For The Analysis And The Encoding Of Aviation Accidents And Incidents: A Validation Study, Y. Pouliquen, O. Ferrante, P. Jouniaux, G. Nicolas, P. Cabon, F. Rome, M. Wolff, R. Mollard
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Sharing safety information is a key issue to improve aviation safety. Therefore, it appears necessary to have a common way to describe aviation accidents/incidents in order to get consistent data that will be used to produce relevant safety indicators. This implies to use the same taxonomy, the same compatible software to facilitate data sharing, and, more important, a common method to encode occurrences into safety data. The way human factors are taken into account in the database must be improved since statistics usually provided, deal with accident/incident categories and not with their various causes (most of them are human factors …
In-Flight Planning And Intelligent Pilot Aids For Emergencies And Nonnominal Flight Conditions, A. R. Pritchett, V. V. Kalambi
In-Flight Planning And Intelligent Pilot Aids For Emergencies And Nonnominal Flight Conditions, A. R. Pritchett, V. V. Kalambi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
A commercial flight plan comprises a series of turns and climbs or descents defined by headings or waypoints, and speed and altitude constraints at each. Situations do occur in-flight where the pilot must re-plan, inflight, the lateral and vertical profile of the remainder of the flight. For example, a ‘non-nominal’ condition such as a thunderstorm may require re-routing; less frequently, an emergency situation may require an immediate landing at the nearest airport. . The objective of this research was to see how pilots perform in-flight planning by observing the planning behavior of pilots in non nominal and emergency conditions arising …
Simulating Glass Cockpit Displays In A General Aviation Flight Environment, Robert W. Proctor, John P. Young, Richard O. Fanjoy, Robert G. Feyen, Nathan W. Hartman, Vishal V. Hiremath
Simulating Glass Cockpit Displays In A General Aviation Flight Environment, Robert W. Proctor, John P. Young, Richard O. Fanjoy, Robert G. Feyen, Nathan W. Hartman, Vishal V. Hiremath
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Development of a research platform that replicates the basic flight functions of a light, general aviation aircraft is described. This involved retrofitting an actual aircraft cockpit with computer displays to emulate an aircraft environment. The hardware and software used in this research platform are described, as well as issues and problems regarding implementation and use in research.
Effect Of Air Traffic Controller Taskload And Temporal Awareness On Task Prioritization, Esa M. Rantanen, Brian R. Levinthal
Effect Of Air Traffic Controller Taskload And Temporal Awareness On Task Prioritization, Esa M. Rantanen, Brian R. Levinthal
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This paper describes an experiment that was conducted to provide an empirical foundation for estimation of parameters for air traffic controller performance modeling efforts presently pursued within the NASA DAG-TM CE-6 model development. The focus of the work was the task prioritization scheme used in these models. A total of 11 retired FAA controllers and supervisors assigned to the FAA Technical Center volunteered to participate in the experiment. A part-task experimental simulation that presented the participating controllers with several simultaneous tasks in four quadrants, or panes, on a single display was used. Only one pane and typically one task could …
Stratigies For Contolling Checklist Reading Behavior: A Literature Review, William G. Rantz
Stratigies For Contolling Checklist Reading Behavior: A Literature Review, William G. Rantz
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
One of the highest frequencies of errors recorded by recent Line Oriented Safety Audits (LOSA) is within the category of intentional non-compliance of which checklists use is included. These errors have led to serious lapses in risk management and many well- documented cases of aircraft accidents. This paper reviews the literature of both organizational behavior management and applied behavior analysis where checklist use is an independent variable. This report presents various methods and technologies from other settings which may prove useful in the flight-training environment. Also included is a proposed study that will be conducted at a major flight training …
The Impact Of Sector Characteristics And Aircraft Count On Air Traffic Control Communications And Workload, Esa M. Rantanen, Philip W. Maynard, Deniz Özhan
The Impact Of Sector Characteristics And Aircraft Count On Air Traffic Control Communications And Workload, Esa M. Rantanen, Philip W. Maynard, Deniz Özhan
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Means of communication between pilots and controllers is one of the fundamental principles of air traffic control (ATC). Consequently, air-ground communications will both reflect the taskload imposed on the controller as well as drive the workload experienced by the controller. Therefore, analysis of ATC communications could potentially reveal a very rich and detailed picture of the demands placed on a controller in a given sector and traffic situation. This paper reports analysis of ATC voice data obtained from three different sectors at the Indianapolis air route traffic control center (ZID ARTCC). The main purpose of this analysis was to examine …
Human Factors And Human Resources Developments For Pan-European Implementation: Achievements In The European Atm Programme, Hermann Rathje
Human Factors And Human Resources Developments For Pan-European Implementation: Achievements In The European Atm Programme, Hermann Rathje
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The European Air Traffic Management (EATM) Human Resources Programme aimed to deliver harmonised tools and a body of knowledge for the management of human issues in ATM in the three areas training, manpower (human resources management) and human factors. Products are available as Guidelines, as Technical Reference Material or Reports or as Methods and Tools for direct application. The four year work programme consisted of specific developments, testing and validation of these products available since end 2003 for implementation in the 41 European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) States. The implementation and use is not mandatory but products are applied increasingly …
Pilots, Airspace Complexity, And Strategic Conflict Avoidance, Victor Riley, Edmundo Sierra, Gano Chatterji, Richard Mogford, Walter Johnson, Parimal Kopardekar, George Lawton
Pilots, Airspace Complexity, And Strategic Conflict Avoidance, Victor Riley, Edmundo Sierra, Gano Chatterji, Richard Mogford, Walter Johnson, Parimal Kopardekar, George Lawton
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Some future air traffic management concepts seek to place more separation responsibility on the pilot in order to achieve greater aircraft operating autonomy. Separating one’s own aircraft from others in something other than a see-and-avoid environment, however, would pose fundamentally new demands and challenges for pilots, and it is likely that new automation and display tools would be needed. Ideally, an automated strategic conflict avoidance system would behave consistently with pilot expectations and take pilot interests into account when suggesting resolution strategies. It might also recognize situations that pilots may have difficulty detecting and resolving on their own. At this …
Checklist Usage As An Independent Variable In Student Pilot Task Performance Assessment, Dr. Vladimir N. Risukhin
Checklist Usage As An Independent Variable In Student Pilot Task Performance Assessment, Dr. Vladimir N. Risukhin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Aviation safety statistics show that checklist utilization by pilots is one of many safety-critical aspects of flight operations. Flight training practice and experience in teaching student pilots to the principles of the multi-crew flight environment require addressing the checklist issue. Conventionally there have been two contradictory flight safety aspects relevant to checklist usage in flight operations. Flight safety standards require that checklists must be performed in-full during normal and non-normal flight situations. Conversely, checklists can be sources of pilot distraction from controlling the airplane that may compromise flight safety. A FAA approved Flight Training Device (FTD) was used to prove …
Transfer Between Training Of Part-Tasks In Complex Skill Training – Model Development And Experiment, Jan Joris Roessingh, Astrid M.L. Kappers, Jan J. Koenderink
Transfer Between Training Of Part-Tasks In Complex Skill Training – Model Development And Experiment, Jan Joris Roessingh, Astrid M.L. Kappers, Jan J. Koenderink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
One of the most common instruction-strategies for training complex skills is part-training. In this paper a model is developed for the optimisation of schedules for part-training, the ‘optimal transfer model’. This model is based on individual learning, but may be generalised to groups of trainees. It is based on the idea that if there is functional skill transfer from part-training to whole-task performance, then there must be a training schedule that yields optimal results. In this context, an optimal training schedule is one in which part-training lasts as long as is necessary to ensure the best possible performance with the …
The Impact Of Automation On Teamwork In Air Traffic Control, Jan Joris Roessingh, Rolf Zon, Oliver Straeter, Ryoko Fukuda
The Impact Of Automation On Teamwork In Air Traffic Control, Jan Joris Roessingh, Rolf Zon, Oliver Straeter, Ryoko Fukuda
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Generally spoken, teamwork may be at considerable risk when new automated technologies are introduced at the Working Positions of operators. Automation may replace team functions, team structure and changes the composition of the team. Team roles are unavoidably redefined and communication patterns are altered. For Air Traffic Control, EUROCONTROL developed measures for the impact of new computerised systems (automation) on teamwork. This was done within the framework of EUROCONTROL's SHAPE project. In this paper we describe the development and experimental test of one of these measures (the “teamwork questionnaire”) in a Tower Control environment. We propose a method for the …
Human Factors Design Of Electronic Documents, Thomas L. Seamster, Barbara G. Kanki
Human Factors Design Of Electronic Documents, Thomas L. Seamster, Barbara G. Kanki
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), working with the Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) Industry Group, is developing a new MMEL electronic format. The MMEL refers to a series of documents controlled by the FAA that lists equipment that may be inoperative under certain conditions while still allowing the aircraft to be airworthy. Each aircraft model has an MMEL, and operators must work with that master document to determine the relief items for their specific aircraft. The resulting Minimum Equipment List (MEL) for an operator's aircraft is used by both ground personnel and pilots to determine the procedures for maintaining airworthiness. …
Interpreting Cultural And Psychological Differences Between Usa And Eastern Countries, Dott. Ing, Giorgio Sacco
Interpreting Cultural And Psychological Differences Between Usa And Eastern Countries, Dott. Ing, Giorgio Sacco
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The interpretation and explanation of mainly Western cultures with reference to family configuration may help developing theory and practice concerning mistakes and errors, right decisions and good choices.
Improving Novice Flight Performance Using A Functional Avionics Display, Carl F. Smith, Deborah A. Boehm-Davis
Improving Novice Flight Performance Using A Functional Avionics Display, Carl F. Smith, Deborah A. Boehm-Davis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Supporters of functional interface design argue that direct interaction with the essential functional relationships of a system may aid in the acquisition of domain-specific skill. To evaluate the potential use of a functional display in assisting in the development of piloting skill, twenty novices were trained on either a conventional display or an alternative display that displays the functional relationship of power and airspeed (the Oz display). Novices trained on the functional display showed greater control of power and less deviation from a flight profile over multiple maneuvers. Implications for future research and potential uses in training are discussed.
A Mind-Reference Framework For Design And Evaluation Of Intuitive And Natural Interfaces, Iya Solodilova, Gavan Lintern, Peter Johnson
A Mind-Reference Framework For Design And Evaluation Of Intuitive And Natural Interfaces, Iya Solodilova, Gavan Lintern, Peter Johnson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Mind-Reference framework is proposed to address new and existing interfaces at semantic, perceptual and contextual levels. This framework allows us it is possible to distinguish information structures at behavioral, physical and environmental levels. The framework deals not only with how the information is presented on a perceptual level but also, by accounting for a variety of task contexts, how a pilot can interpret that information. A design approach that follows this framework’s step-principles produces intuitive and natural interfaces for pilots and offers a benchmark for evaluation of existing interfaces.
Airport Resource Management And Decision Aids For Airlines, Amy Spencer, Philip J. Smith, Charles Billings
Airport Resource Management And Decision Aids For Airlines, Amy Spencer, Philip J. Smith, Charles Billings
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Airport surface management is fundamentally a task requiring decision making under uncertainty. For example, there is uncertainty about when an aircraft will be ready to push back, how long it will take a departing flight to taxi to the departure runway queue and how long it will take an arriving flight to taxi to its gate from the arrival runway. As a result, managing traffic on the airport surface, and coordinating this surface movement with airspace constraints, is a risk management task. Decision support tools which provide better access to airport surface data and predictions, as well as access to …
Information Distribution To Improve Team Performance In Military Helicopter Operations: An Experimental Study, Brian K. Sperling, Amy R. Pritchett
Information Distribution To Improve Team Performance In Military Helicopter Operations: An Experimental Study, Brian K. Sperling, Amy R. Pritchett
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Changes in task requirements and system capabilities have led to the addition of crewmembers, information displays, and monitoring and coordination requirements in many domains. This experimental study tested the hypothesis that providing task relevant information to individual team members in a time critical environment, while limiting their access to non task-relevant information, would change team interactions by developing complementary team mental models and thus improve performance. The results of this experiment support this hypothesis, and give insight into how the distribution of information among team members effects the communications and coordination within a team. and team and individual performance.
The Effectiveness Of A Personal Computer Aviation Training Device (Pcatd), A Flight Training Device (Ftd), And An Airplane In Conducting Instrument Proficiency Checks, Henry L. Taylor, Donald A. Talleur, Esa M. Rantanen, Tom W. Emanuel Jr.
The Effectiveness Of A Personal Computer Aviation Training Device (Pcatd), A Flight Training Device (Ftd), And An Airplane In Conducting Instrument Proficiency Checks, Henry L. Taylor, Donald A. Talleur, Esa M. Rantanen, Tom W. Emanuel Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This project evaluated the effectiveness of a personal computer aviation training device (PCATD), a flight training device (FTD) and an airplane for conducting an instrument proficiency check (IPC). The study compared the performance of pilots receiving an IPC in a PCATD, in a FTD and in an airplane (IPC #1) with performance on a later IPC in an airplane (IPC #2). Chi-square tests were used to analyze the IPC #1 and IPC #2 data to determine whether the treatment (assignment to group) had an effect on the pass/fail ratio for the IPC #1 and IPC #2 flights respectively. The treatment …
The Role Of Institutional Review Boards In Aviation Research: It's The Law And It Makes Sense, Dr. Earl S. Stein
The Role Of Institutional Review Boards In Aviation Research: It's The Law And It Makes Sense, Dr. Earl S. Stein
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Research in medicine and social sciences often involves the participation of human participants, who under the rules in place today volunteer their time and understand both the benefits and risks associated with the research. This was not always the case. Rules, regulations, and laws currently require oversight by organizations referred to as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). These boards exist to protect the participants, ensure their ethical treatment, and encourage good research. IRBs enhance the quality of research planning, and the IRB process should be part of every researcher's timeline for completion of his/her projects.