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Articles 31 - 60 of 148
Full-Text Articles in Other Psychiatry and Psychology
Development And Integration Of A Human-Centered Volumetric Cockpit Situation Display For Distributed Air-Ground Operations, Stacie Granada, Arik Quang Dao, Dominic Wong, Walter W. Johnson, Vernol Battiste
Development And Integration Of A Human-Centered Volumetric Cockpit Situation Display For Distributed Air-Ground Operations, Stacie Granada, Arik Quang Dao, Dominic Wong, Walter W. Johnson, Vernol Battiste
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
In the Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) simulation environments pilots flew desktop simulators, which included a Cockpit Situation Display (CSD). Within the current paper we will briefly review the tasks pilots were responsible for in the simulations and subsequently evaluate the tools made available on the CSD to assist the pilots in executing their tasks. Some of the tasks pilots were responsible for in the simulations included the following: to create and evaluate user-preferred routes, meet flight scheduling requirements at the meter fix, selfspace behind designated aircraft, and maintain separation with other aircraft. Some of the tools offered within …
Experimental Analysis Of The Integration Of Mixed Surveillance Frequency Into Oceanic Atc Operations, Laura Major Forest, R. John Hansman
Experimental Analysis Of The Integration Of Mixed Surveillance Frequency Into Oceanic Atc Operations, Laura Major Forest, R. John Hansman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Technical capabilities for improved surveillance over the oceans are currently available through the use of satellites. However, all aircraft operators will not equip simultaneously because of the high costs required. Consequently, as these CNS systems are integrated into oceanic air transportation architecture, the controller will have to manage the current low frequency surveillance in parallel with enhanced surveillance. The cognitive effects of the mixed equipage environment were studied through experimental analysis. The results confirm that there are human performance issues with integrating mixed surveillance capabilities, which may result in safety and efficiency limitations.
Flight Simulation As An Investigative Tool For Understanding Human Factors In Aviation Accidents, Bart Elias
Flight Simulation As An Investigative Tool For Understanding Human Factors In Aviation Accidents, Bart Elias
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
As aviation accidents become more complex, the need to better understand human factors aspects increasingly requires more sophisticated investigative tools and techniques. The capabilities of modern research, engineering, and flight training simulators provide human performance investigators with unique opportunities to reconstruct aviation accidents and test hypotheses regarding possible causal and contributing human factors. Two recent examples - the investigation of a flight test accident in October 2000, and the investigation of the crash of American Airlines flight 587 in November 2001 - highlight the potential role of flight simulation as an investigative tool. Building on these experiences, agencies responsible for …
Evaluation Of Workload In High Complexity Work Place: An Experiment During A Real Situation, Carlos Gomes De Oliveira D Sc, Selma Leal De Oliveira Ribeiro D Sc
Evaluation Of Workload In High Complexity Work Place: An Experiment During A Real Situation, Carlos Gomes De Oliveira D Sc, Selma Leal De Oliveira Ribeiro D Sc
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Some workplace have been widely changed with regard to their automation process, which has promoted a more complex environment concerning the task performance, demanding to the operator the introducing of new abilities. In the aeronautic activity the workload also has been diversified, as the mental demand has been enhanced. The needs of determining the impact of the workload on the operator due to such work place, evidencing a more complex nature, shows to be more important, mainly when looking at the certification requirements for new aircraft development. Such certification process is responsible for determining the minimum aircrew necessary, based on …
The Role Of Working Memory In Maintaining Situation Awareness, Dr. Kamilla Run Johannsdottir, Dr. Chris M. Herdman, Dr. Jo-Anne Lefevre
The Role Of Working Memory In Maintaining Situation Awareness, Dr. Kamilla Run Johannsdottir, Dr. Chris M. Herdman, Dr. Jo-Anne Lefevre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Basic and applied research suggests that working memory (WM) supports situation awareness (SA) in dynamic environments. However, the relationship between WM and SA has not been well articulated. The present paper explores the potential role of WM in SA-based tasks by a) using a well-established WM model to conceptually link the two concepts and b) empirically testing this link. A dual-task paradigm was used where participants tracked an object against a moving background. Periodically, participants were required to either predict where the tracked object would be or to search for it. In addition to the tracking task participants concurrently performed …
The Development Of An Intelligent Helicopter Performance Instrument System Incorporating Human Factors And Skilled Based Expertise, Michael Hardy, Steven Thatcher
The Development Of An Intelligent Helicopter Performance Instrument System Incorporating Human Factors And Skilled Based Expertise, Michael Hardy, Steven Thatcher
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Studies by Iseler and De Maio (2001) suggest that the helicopter accident rate in the USA is 10 times that of airline accidents, with 20% attributed to pilot error. US Army/NASA studies (Hart 1998) have developed a number of strategies with the goal of reducing the helicopter accident rate including real-time prediction, measurement and pilot cueing. Hardy and Thatcher (2004) described early development work in designing an intelligent helicopter performance instrument system that conducts performance predictions in real time that is being pursued with the aim of providing pilot cueing indicating sufficient performance is or is not available for takeoff, …
Improving Taxi Efficiency Through Coordinated Runway Crossings, Becky L. Hooey
Improving Taxi Efficiency Through Coordinated Runway Crossings, Becky L. Hooey
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Coordinated Runway Crossing concept aims to improve the efficiency of airport surface operations by providing taxi clearances that contain a time or speed component. The goal is to enable pilots to arrive at, and cross, active runways without a delay. Eight commercial captains participated in a ninety-minute semi-structured interview that explored issues associated with coordinated runway crossings. The results of these interviews were used to generate preliminary information requirements, system requirements, and procedural requirements for a future coordinated runway crossing system.
Experimental Analysis Of Task Prioritization Training For A Group Of University Flight Technology Students, Amy L. Hoover, Kenneth H. Funk Ii
Experimental Analysis Of Task Prioritization Training For A Group Of University Flight Technology Students, Amy L. Hoover, Kenneth H. Funk Ii
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in task prioritization performance between pilots who participated in a CTM training course and those who did not. A pretest-posttest control group design with random assignment was used. Pilots enrolled in the Central Washington University Flight Technology Program flew pretest and posttest simulated flights on a Frasca FTD. During a two week period between pretest and posttest simulated flights pilots in the experimental group participated in a CTM training course and pilots in the control group did not. Comparison of pre- and posttest error rates shows the experimental group had a …
Task Analysis For Safety Assessment In En-Route Air Traffic Control, Satoru Inoue, Hisae Aoyama, Kota Kageyama, Kazuo Furuta
Task Analysis For Safety Assessment In En-Route Air Traffic Control, Satoru Inoue, Hisae Aoyama, Kota Kageyama, Kazuo Furuta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The tasks involved in Air Traffic Control (ATC) make heavy demands on the information processing capacities of air traffic controllers. In particular, human factors problems that lead to both major and minor incidents are considered to be a serious problem for ATC in Air Traffic safety. Therefore, the need to analyze error mechanism, which occurs due to complex factors, and the need for developing systems that can deal with these errors are increasing. We examined the functional problems in an ATC system from the human factors aspects, and concluded that solution of this problem needs some kinds of measures. This …
Cockpit Technology And Weather Related Decision Making: An Integrative Review, N. R. Johnson, D. A. Wiegmann, J. Goh, C. D. Wickens
Cockpit Technology And Weather Related Decision Making: An Integrative Review, N. R. Johnson, D. A. Wiegmann, J. Goh, C. D. Wickens
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This paper provides a synthesis of the empirical studies to date that have investigated weather-related pilot decision making. Of particular interest is how new cockpit technologies such as synthetic vision systems and graphical weather information systems interact with flight experience, risk perception, risk-taking tendencies and selfconfidence in affecting pilots’ decision to continue flight into adverse weather. A conceptual framework for integrating and interpreting the results of these various studies is also be proposed.
Evidence Against Crew Resource Management As A Cognitive Skill, Stacey M. L. Hendrickson, David L. Trumpower, Timothy E. Goldsmith, Peder J. Johnson
Evidence Against Crew Resource Management As A Cognitive Skill, Stacey M. L. Hendrickson, David L. Trumpower, Timothy E. Goldsmith, Peder J. Johnson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
In recent years, airlines have begun to train and assess crew resource management (CRM) tasks similarly to technical tasks. However, in order for individual CRM categories (e.g., workload management, communication, situation awareness, etc.) to be viewed as skills, performance on a particular CRM category should transfer to different situations. In this study, we examined how well CRM behaviors generalized across different flight contexts. We analyzed pilot performance from five line oriented evaluations (LOEs). The LOEs were divided into phases of flight and many different behaviors were graded within each LOE, some of which were previously classified as belonging to a …
Pilot Perspectives On Avoiding Cfit, Robert M. Jenney
Pilot Perspectives On Avoiding Cfit, Robert M. Jenney
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
According to Flight Safety Foundation, Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents are a leading cause of commercial aviation fatalities. CFIT is not selective; it is prevalent in corporate aviation and, all too alarmingly, in other segments of general aviation. This paper is a pilot-to-pilot conversation specifically about avoiding CFIT and, in the process, about airmanship. All are invited to listen in.
An Analysis Of Communications For Arrival In Real-Time Air Traffic Control Simulation, Kota Kageyama, Hisae Aoyama
An Analysis Of Communications For Arrival In Real-Time Air Traffic Control Simulation, Kota Kageyama, Hisae Aoyama
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Air Traffic Control (ATC) communications between air traffic controllers and pilots are the most essential task in ATC operations. This paper describes results from an analysis of ATC communications in real-time (human- in-the-loop) simulation experiments. We analyzed communication data for arrival traffic of a radar control position in a Japanese terminal airspace. We assumed that particularly in a radar position, traffic volume directly influences ATC communication volume. In order to verify this assumption, we study on correlation between traffic volume and the amount of communication events issued by controllers. In addition, we examined ATC clearance phraseology and evaluated as a …
Evaluation Of Aircraft Maintenance Operations Using Process Measures, Kunal Kapoor, Pallavi Dhawada, Nikhil Iyengar, Joel S. Greenstein, Anand K. Gramopadhye
Evaluation Of Aircraft Maintenance Operations Using Process Measures, Kunal Kapoor, Pallavi Dhawada, Nikhil Iyengar, Joel S. Greenstein, Anand K. Gramopadhye
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This research focuses on the development of a proactive system (a Web-based Surveillance and Auditing Tool - WebSAT), which promotes standardization in data collection and identifies the contributing factors that impact aircraft safety. This system will document the processes and the outcomes of maintenance activities, make the results more accessible, and reduce future maintenance error rates. WebSAT will capture and analyze data for the different operations involved in surveillance, auditing, and airworthiness directives. To achieve standardization in data collection, data needs to be collected on certain variables which measure maintenance processes. These variables are defined as process measures. The process …
The Air Traffic Selection And Training Battery: What It Is And Isn’T (And How It Has Changed And Hasn’T), Raymond E. King, Andrew R. Dattel
The Air Traffic Selection And Training Battery: What It Is And Isn’T (And How It Has Changed And Hasn’T), Raymond E. King, Andrew R. Dattel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has developed a new selection procedure, the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) computerized test battery, to help select Air Traffic Control Specialists. AT-SAT is an aptitude test and not a test of air traffic control knowledge. Of the 264 applicants who have taken AT-SAT, 155 responded to a job announcement, while 109 previously passed the OPM (pre-employment) test and had to achieve a passing score on AT-SAT before they were admitted into training at the FAA Academy. Of the 155 job-announcement applicants, 131 (84.52%) achieved a passing score of 70 or greater (termed a …
General Aviation Vfr-Into-Imc: Z-Score Filtering Of Demographic And Personality Variables, And The Personality Paradox, William Knecht
General Aviation Vfr-Into-Imc: Z-Score Filtering Of Demographic And Personality Variables, And The Personality Paradox, William Knecht
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Does pilot personality affect risk-taking with weather? Armchair logic says “Yes,” while data often say “No.” In this work, we apply the technique of z-score filtering (slice analysis) to pilot takeoff decisions made in the face of simulated adverse weather seen at taxiway level. Such a filtering technique might prove useful, provided emphasis is kept to maintain experiment-wise reliability. Statistical and methodological problems with personality data are discussed. The results of this particular data set showed a strong effect of weather on takeoffs, as measured by visibility, cloud ceiling, and the interaction of the two. But, despite best efforts, no …
Interface Design To Actualize Human-Machine Coordination In The Highly Automated Cockpit, Daisuke Karikawa, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura, Capt. Akira Ishibashi
Interface Design To Actualize Human-Machine Coordination In The Highly Automated Cockpit, Daisuke Karikawa, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura, Capt. Akira Ishibashi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Although automated systems in an advanced cockpit have contributed to the enhancement of the safety, they have also increased the system’s complexity which can be a cause of inappropriate situation awareness (SA). In this paper, a supportive method for enhancing SA in the highly automated cockpit has been proposed, focusing on the following two points. One is to support in grasping the situation from a broader perspective which can contribute to the detection of SA errors and to better understanding of the system’s activities. The other is mitigating additional cognitive burden by supportive information. For the achievement of both an …
Surprise And Unexpectedness In Flying: Factors And Features, Janeen Kochan, Eyal Breiter, Florian Jentsch
Surprise And Unexpectedness In Flying: Factors And Features, Janeen Kochan, Eyal Breiter, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This database analysis was conducted to determine which factors, or combination of factors, play a part in creating an unwanted outcome due to surprising or unexpected events encountered by pilots. The purpose of this study was to identify likely precursors to perceived surprising and unexpected events and, to advance our understanding of the overt behaviors and misbehaviors found in response to these events. This study also sought to determine if there were any significant differences between commercial air carrier and general aviation flight operations in regard to surprising and unexpected events. The results of this study indicated that the involvement …
Program Update And Prospects For In-Flight Simulation Upset Recovery Training, Janeen A. Kochan, James E. Priest
Program Update And Prospects For In-Flight Simulation Upset Recovery Training, Janeen A. Kochan, James E. Priest
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The Flight Research Training Center, established in 2002 in cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, focuses on improving the safety of commercial air transportation through the reduction of the loss-of-control events, which continue to be the leading cause of fatal commercial air carrier accidents (Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group, 2004). The primary research purpose of this program is the optimization of in-flight simulation based upset recovery training. The goal of the training is to have a beneficial impact on the loss-of-control accident and incident rate. The program is designed to collect research data through an extensive training program offered to commercial …
Assessing Human Factors Risks In Air Traffic Management Research, Paul Krois, Jacqueline Rehmann
Assessing Human Factors Risks In Air Traffic Management Research, Paul Krois, Jacqueline Rehmann
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This paper describes guidance for assessing human factors risks of research capabilities. The risk scales in the present study were used to assess concepts of the FAA Target System Description, part of the National Airspace System architecture. Results help identify areas where human factors analyses are needed and strengthen the business case for human factors assessments. Repeated high risk ratings provide R&D managers with additional information about whether or not to proceed with specific capabilities.
How High Is High Enough? Quantifying The Impact Of Air Traffic Control Tower Observation Height On Distance Perception, William K. Krebs, Glen Hewitt, Steven R. Murrill, Ronald G. Driggers
How High Is High Enough? Quantifying The Impact Of Air Traffic Control Tower Observation Height On Distance Perception, William K. Krebs, Glen Hewitt, Steven R. Murrill, Ronald G. Driggers
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Each year the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) builds approximately seven air traffic control towers in the national airspace system. Each airport has unique surface and airspace characteristics, but all airports must determine the location and height of the new air traffic control tower (ATCT). These two factors impact cost and safety; therefore the FAA must develop a quantitative means in measuring what improvement in ATCT visibility can be gained by increasing tower height at different locations on the airport surface. Two metrics were developed (Object Discrimination, Line of Sight Angle of Incidence) to assess the impact of tower height on …
The Considerations Of A Southeastern European Airline Aircraft Engineers Regarding The Incentives Applied By The Corporate Top Management And Those Required By Them, Dr. Yannis (John) Lainos
The Considerations Of A Southeastern European Airline Aircraft Engineers Regarding The Incentives Applied By The Corporate Top Management And Those Required By Them, Dr. Yannis (John) Lainos
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
In October 2003 we conducted a survey among the aircraft engineers of a southeastern European airline (Airline). The research included four questionnaires with 61 questions. The subjects of these questionnaires were: a) The incentives that attracted the a/c engineers to their profession. b) The opinion of the a/c engineers on the incentives applied by the Airline’s top management c) The incentives which the a/c engineers require to be applied by corporate top management. d) The opinion of the a/c engineers regarding the effects of the recently organisational restruring of the Airline’s group The sample used for this research represented 25% …
Effects Of Haptic Feedback In The Tele-Operation Of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, T. Mung Lam, Maximine Delannoy, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen
Effects Of Haptic Feedback In The Tele-Operation Of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, T. Mung Lam, Maximine Delannoy, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This paper will describe an experiment that investigates the influence of force feedback on collision avoidance, control behavior and workload in the tele-operation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Artificial force fields are used to provide force information. Subjects are asked to control a stability-augmented UAV helicopter through an obstacle-loaded environment. Visual information is provided by a display containing the simulated forward looking camera view and a navigation display, providing a top-down view. The force feedback algorithm is only implemented for the horizontal plane. Problems related to the general principle of an artificial force field that occur with autonomous robots, …
A Non-Linear Relationship Between Controller Workload, Task Load, And Traffic Density: The Straw That Broke The Camel’S Back, Paul U. Lee, Joey Mercer, Nancy Smith, Everett Palmer
A Non-Linear Relationship Between Controller Workload, Task Load, And Traffic Density: The Straw That Broke The Camel’S Back, Paul U. Lee, Joey Mercer, Nancy Smith, Everett Palmer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Controller workload, recognized as a significant bottleneck to capacity increase in the future National Airspace System, has been researched extensively in air traffic management. Unfortunately, subjective workload has been an unreliable predictor of a controller’s ability to safely manage the traffic, leading to attempts at replacing workload with more objective metrics, such as task load (e.g. number of clearances) and traffic density (e.g. aircraft count). A significant caveat to substituting these metrics for workload ratings, however, is that their relationships are nonlinear. More specifically, when the objective metrics, such as aircraft count, increase linearly, the controller’s perceived workload remains low …
Workspace Visualization For Planning Of Air Operations, Gavan Lintern
Workspace Visualization For Planning Of Air Operations, Gavan Lintern
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Information overload has become a critical challenge within military operations. However, the problem is not so much one of too much information but of abundant information that is poorly organized and poorly represented. Here I describe a prototype information-action workspace, sometimes referred to as a knowledge visualization, to resolve this issue. Development proceeded through a systematic design sequence of cognitive analysis, knowledge representation and workspace design. The cognitive analysis focused on the specific information needed to support military planning and judgment. The workspace was structured in terms of dimensions of functional abstraction and functional decomposition; dimensions that are thought to …
The Use Of Integrated Historical And Predictive Data To Support Flight Planning By Airline Dispatchers, Chang Liu, Phillip J. Smith, Charles Billings, Kapil Sheth, Shon Grabbe, Banavar Sridhar
The Use Of Integrated Historical And Predictive Data To Support Flight Planning By Airline Dispatchers, Chang Liu, Phillip J. Smith, Charles Billings, Kapil Sheth, Shon Grabbe, Banavar Sridhar
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Airline dispatchers play a critical role in the National Airspace System (NAS), as their flight planning decisions have a direct impact on the efficiency and safety of the resultant traffic flows and on contingency plans to deal with possible events that could arise while enroute. Their decisions also have an important impact on the operating costs for an airline. This paper first discusses the results of two focus groups with airline and military dispatchers that served to identify potential uses by dispatchers of the functionality contained in NASA’s Future ATC Concept Evaluation Tool (FACET). This tool uses trajectory modeling to …
Analysis Methods For Determining The Safety Consequences Of Mixed-Fleet Flying, Beth Lyall Ph.D., Mike New Ph.D.
Analysis Methods For Determining The Safety Consequences Of Mixed-Fleet Flying, Beth Lyall Ph.D., Mike New Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
This paper describes the development and implementation of analysis methods for identifying human factors safety vulnerabilities associated with the mixed-fleet flying of the Boeing 767-400 and 777. The results of the analysis were two sets of vulnerabilities: those with potentially critical pilot performance consequences that should be further tested, and those with minor consequences that should be considered when developing procedures and training for the mixed-fleet flying program. A longitudinal study was conducted that included data collection to address the potentially critical vulnerabilities. Examples of how vulnerabilities were addressed with video data from the study are presented and conclusions from …
A Framework For The Assessment Of Controller Coordination In The Air Traffic Control Tower Environment, Peter Moertl, Craig Bonaceto
A Framework For The Assessment Of Controller Coordination In The Air Traffic Control Tower Environment, Peter Moertl, Craig Bonaceto
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
The air traffic control tower (ATCT) environment requires coordination between various controller positions for safe and efficient operations. With the development of new collaborative decision support tools in the tower (e.g. SMS, NASA 2004), efficient human interface design will require the consideration of the coordination routines that controller use. Whereas inter-position coordination is generally prescribed by the FAA (FAAO 7110.65) as well as by specific ATCT standard operating procedures, little is known about face-to-face coordination that is not captured by other recording media such as flight strip marking or radio communication.
Teams, Teamwork, And Automation In Air Traffic Control, Philip W. Maynard, Esa M. Rantanen
Teams, Teamwork, And Automation In Air Traffic Control, Philip W. Maynard, Esa M. Rantanen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
Many recent initiatives involving social psychology applications in the aviation world have redoubled the interest in the concept of teams and teamwork. The importance of teamwork in airline cockpits, hailed as cockpit (or crew-) resource management (CRM), has been recognized for a relatively long time. It is also widely agreed that extensive and effective interaction among participants in the National Airspace System (NAS), pilots, air traffic controllers, and airline operations personnel, is tantamount to the daily successes of the nation’s air transportation industry. Team aspects in air traffic control (ATC) are, however, much more convoluted than intra-cockpit teams or top-level …
Supporting Teams In Crisis With It: A Preliminary Collaboration Framework, Earl Mckinnet Jr.
Supporting Teams In Crisis With It: A Preliminary Collaboration Framework, Earl Mckinnet Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005
To support their teams in crisis, organizations seek to leverage advances in information technology. These advances include automation support to the warfighting team (e.g. an electronic checklist for a flight crew), as well as collaboration support such as linking engaged combat troops to intelligence services. While automated support is rapidly developing, very little consideration has been given to enhancing the collaboration support for teams that face crisis. Here we suggest a preliminary set of IT system attributes to support collaboration for teams that face crisis. These attributes are based on two frameworks that have been developed to mitigate the effects …