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Articles 781 - 810 of 1047
Full-Text Articles in Other Psychiatry and Psychology
Examining The Content Validity Of The Faa Private Pilot And Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer, Peter Schumacher, Michele Summers
Examining The Content Validity Of The Faa Private Pilot And Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer, Peter Schumacher, Michele Summers
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The Practical Test Standards (PTS) were devised by the FAA to provide a standard format to evaluate the skills necessary for pilot certification. Both the private pilot and commercial PTS were generated years ago and, on a regular basis, are modified slightly. Despite these efforts, some aviators in the industry consider the PTS to be out of date. The purpose of this research was to examine the content validity of the private pilot and commercial pilot PTS items in order to assess the applicability to current general aviation practice. To accomplish this, a job-analysis style survey was developed and distributed …
Network Airline Production Problem, R. Michael Baiada
Network Airline Production Problem, R. Michael Baiada
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
For over 30 years, in spite of their best efforts, the financial health of the network airlines has continued south. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the fundamental problem pushing so many airlines towards the brink is not the hub schedule, weather, fuel costs, ATC/FAA, congestion, delays, nor even unit wage rates. These are just the visible symptoms of the real problem. The underlying cause of 80% of the airline industry's financial problems is production variance. Production variance within the daily operation, especially at the hub airports, represents the fundamental flaw within the current airline production process (over 35% of the customers …
Developing Observer-Based Measures For Assessing The Effects Of Advanced Technologies On Crew Resource Management, Amy L. Alexander, Jamie L. Estock, Jeff Beaubien, Jon Holbrook
Developing Observer-Based Measures For Assessing The Effects Of Advanced Technologies On Crew Resource Management, Amy L. Alexander, Jamie L. Estock, Jeff Beaubien, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Previous research has shown that up to 80 percent of all commercial aviation accidents are the result of human error, including inadequate decision making, ineffective communication, inadequate leadership, and poor task or resource management. Currently, a number of “smart” flight deck technologies – such as Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) and Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) – are being developed to prevent, intervene, and/or mitigate pilot error. In some instances, these technologies are essentially acting as an additional crewmember, thus changing the dynamics of crew interaction on the flight deck. The specific effects of these advanced technologies – both positive and negative …
Flight-Control-Force-Exertion Limits And Comparisons With Pilot And Nonpilot Populations, Dennis B. Beringer, Jerry D. Ball, Loran A. Haworth
Flight-Control-Force-Exertion Limits And Comparisons With Pilot And Nonpilot Populations, Dennis B. Beringer, Jerry D. Ball, Loran A. Haworth
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This study was conducted to update data on the force that pilots (and nonpilots) can apply to flight controls so that current performance data could be compared with values for maximum allowable control forces found in sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR 23.143 and 25.143). We compared these tabular values with several later samples of human performance to determine what proportion of the potential and actual pilot populations might be able to exert those levels of force. We then obtained data for 12 female general aviation pilots and 12 female nonpilots as well as data for 32 …
The Incidence Of Psychological Aspect In Brazilian Aircraft Accidents From 1997 To 2002, Márcia Regina Molinari Barreto, Cintia Saba Fonseca
The Incidence Of Psychological Aspect In Brazilian Aircraft Accidents From 1997 To 2002, Márcia Regina Molinari Barreto, Cintia Saba Fonseca
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The research on the incidence of psychological aspects of human factors in aircraft accidents, was developed by the Aeronautical Institute of Psychology, aimed the identification of critical areas and the proposition of controlling actions. The proposed actions approach ways to favour the development of attitudes and behaviours, aiming the consolidation of a safety culture in the organizations. This work fills a great gap by making it possible to base the preventive activities on data that reflect the Brazilian reality. The ergonomic approach, wich considers the accident as a breakdown on the balance between individual, psychosocial and organizational conditionings of the …
Memory For Form And Color In Virtual And Real Environments, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Jonathan Wade
Memory For Form And Color In Virtual And Real Environments, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Jonathan Wade
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Three experiments that differed in terms of environment type (two virtual and one real) required participants to remember the location of 12 unique geometric objects that varied in terms of form (cone, cube, and sphere) and color (blue, green, red, and yellow). The results showed that regardless of environment type (virtual or real), participants showed significantly better encoding/memory for an object’s form than for its color. This highlights the importance of emphasizing object shape to assist learning and memory in virtual environments.
A Comparison Of Scenario Based With Maneuvers Based Taa Instrument Flight Training, Jon French, Michele Summers, Frank Ayers, Elizabeth Blickensderfer
A Comparison Of Scenario Based With Maneuvers Based Taa Instrument Flight Training, Jon French, Michele Summers, Frank Ayers, Elizabeth Blickensderfer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A laboratory-controlled comparison of traditional maneuvers based training (MBT) and scenario based training (SBT) is described during the acquisition of technically advanced aircraft (TAA) instrument flight skills in a simulator. The study was conducted as part of the FAA Industry Training Standards (FITS) evaluation of SBT. All 27 participants were instrument rated pilots with less than 500 total flight hours and virtually no experience with TAA. All were randomly assigned to the MBT or SBT condition. All received 8 hours of MBT or SBT before the final posttest evaluation. The TAA simulator was a Cirrus SR20 with a Chelton primary …
Towards Information Requirements For Airport Traffic Control Towers, Dr. Jerry M. Crutchfield
Towards Information Requirements For Airport Traffic Control Towers, Dr. Jerry M. Crutchfield
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Proposed enhancements to air traffic control (ATC) procedures and technologies are under development to increase the air traffic capacity above that of today’s system. Many of these potential enhancements implicate major changes to the way operations are performed in Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) today. Prior to the development of new air traffic management systems for use in ATCTs, it is necessary to know how, why, and when ATCT controllers currently use information about flights.
Faa Maintenance(Mx) Human Factors Research Program And Mx Hf Information Resource Website, Glen Gallaway
Faa Maintenance(Mx) Human Factors Research Program And Mx Hf Information Resource Website, Glen Gallaway
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
It is well known that people are the heart of safe/effective aircraft maintenance. It is becoming increasingly evident that these people (mechanics, trainers, inspectors, crew, etc.) substantially benefit from a solid grounding in human factors principles and practices as a basis for that strong maintenance safety culture.
An Investigation Of Certified Flight Instructor Competencies, Patricia C. Fitzgerald, Dee H. Andrews, Brent Crow, Ronald Diedrichs, Merrill R. Karp, Kelley Stewart
An Investigation Of Certified Flight Instructor Competencies, Patricia C. Fitzgerald, Dee H. Andrews, Brent Crow, Ronald Diedrichs, Merrill R. Karp, Kelley Stewart
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The research literature documents distinct differences in teaching skills among instructors in a variety of fields. Some seem to be naturally skilled, whereas others seem to face more challenges in the instructional setting. Although several investigators have addressed a variety of questions concerning flight instructor training, more research is needed to elucidate the instructional competencies associated with successful instruction in this critical field. The proposed poster will present the preliminary results of an observational study designed to identify flight instructor competencies and patterns of instructional behavior. A preliminary set of essential instructor skills was developed based on instructor competencies as …
Aviation Psychology Research - Extending Scientific Method To Incorporate Value And Application, Glen Gallaway
Aviation Psychology Research - Extending Scientific Method To Incorporate Value And Application, Glen Gallaway
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Showing value (i.e., useful, needed, solves a problem, adds to knowledge) in the research process and its products is intended to enhance the quality of psychological research. The additional research information (META Data - The information that describes and clarifies other data) will enhance the design of the research project and will aid research customers determine the value of research results and provide guidance in its application. The intent is to support and complement the Scientific Method and its associated rules of implementation, while providing clear and easily used value and applications data.
The Implementation Of The Faa Industry Training Program In Technically Advanced Aircraft (Taa): Lessons Learned, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy Beckham, Steve Gossett, Paul Craig, Paul Mosey
The Implementation Of The Faa Industry Training Program In Technically Advanced Aircraft (Taa): Lessons Learned, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy Beckham, Steve Gossett, Paul Craig, Paul Mosey
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The proliferation of aircraft with extensive automation, collectively known as Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) within the last 10 years in the General Aviation industry has led to a novel approach in flight training. The FAA implemented the FAA-Industry Training Standards (FITS) program that emphasizes the importance of “real world” training exercises in the form of scenario training. The FITS curriculum, which was first empirically tested by Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), was developed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and the University of North Dakota through the FAA Air Transportation Center of Excellence for General Aviation. Over the last four years, MTSU …
Developing Job Specific And General Training Content And Assessments, Justin M. Devoge, Ellen J. Bass
Developing Job Specific And General Training Content And Assessments, Justin M. Devoge, Ellen J. Bass
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Organizations, particularly airlines, would benefit from training programs that are reusable across multiple occupational contexts. We have developed a framework incorporating the notions of identical elements and general principles for designing job specific and reusable training content and assessments. We developed training programs based on the framework and empirically evaluated how it addresses training needs. Results of the study suggest that the identical elements design is beneficial in specific training contexts, while a combination of the identical elements and general principles designs may support reusability.
Refinement Of A Flight Training Device Virtual Environment For Ab-Initio Pilot Training, Shawn M. Doherty
Refinement Of A Flight Training Device Virtual Environment For Ab-Initio Pilot Training, Shawn M. Doherty
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A recent experimental flight training program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University investigated the amount to which flight simulation could be used in the training curricula by comparing two groups of ab-initio pilots to different amounts of exposure to the flight training devices (FTD). The results from the amount of transfer from the FTD to the actual aircraft flight suggested implications for both adjustments to the flight training curricula and for specific modifications to the flight simulation training environment as applied in an ab-initio training program. More specifically, these results provided an indication that greater visual fidelity, in terms of graphical 3D …
Age-Related Changes In Detecting Unexpected Air Traffic And Instrument Malfunctions, Emily Coffey, Chris Herdman Ph.D., Matthew Brown Ph.D., Jon Wade
Age-Related Changes In Detecting Unexpected Air Traffic And Instrument Malfunctions, Emily Coffey, Chris Herdman Ph.D., Matthew Brown Ph.D., Jon Wade
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The projected increase in elderly general aviation pilots in North America has raised concerns that aviation safety will be compromised. The present research used a flight simulator to examine change detection in young vs. older recreational pilots. Change detection was assessed in terms of the ability to detect unexpected and potentially critical events: the introduction of nearby air traffic and instrument malfunctions. The results show that older pilots missed more potentially critical events than their younger counterparts.
Retention Of Aeronautical Knowledge, Stephen M. Casner, Daniel Heraldez, Karen M. Jones
Retention Of Aeronautical Knowledge, Stephen M. Casner, Daniel Heraldez, Karen M. Jones
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Pilots' retention of aeronautical knowledge learned during private pilot training was studied in four experiments. In the first experiment, ten questions from the FAA private pilot airplane knowledge test were administered to sixty pilots, yielding an average score of 74.8%. Test scores were compared against seven characteristics of the pilots tested: certificates and ratings held, current role in aviation (pilot, CFI, or applicant for additional certificate/rating), total flight time, recent flight experience, reading habits, months passed since last evaluation, and months remaining until next evaluation. These factors explain some of the overall variability in test scores. Three follow-up experiments explored …
Hemets – Human Error Modeling For Error Tolerant Systems, Michael E. Fotta, Shawn Nicholson, Michael D. Byrne
Hemets – Human Error Modeling For Error Tolerant Systems, Michael E. Fotta, Shawn Nicholson, Michael D. Byrne
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
HEMETS simulates a human operator interacting with a prototype user interface for a proposed system design. HEMETS is built upon a Human Error Modeling Architecture (HEMA) – extension of ACT-R. A subsystem, HEMA System Interface (HEMA SI), has also been developed to enable the real time translation of user interface information into a cognitive model readable form. HEMETS will enable designers to foresee the human error consequences of a design and take steps to eliminate, reduce or recover from those errors.
The Effects Of Multimodal Collaboration Technology On Subjective Workload Profiles Of Tactical Air Battle Management Teams, Victor S. Finomore, Benjamin A. Knott, W. Todd Nelson, Scott M. Galster, Robert S. Bolia
The Effects Of Multimodal Collaboration Technology On Subjective Workload Profiles Of Tactical Air Battle Management Teams, Victor S. Finomore, Benjamin A. Knott, W. Todd Nelson, Scott M. Galster, Robert S. Bolia
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A tactical air battle management task required a team of two weapons directors, two strike operators, and a tanker operator to communicate with each other in order to coordinate offensive and defensive air attacks, and aerial refuelling. This study compared the impact of two types of communication modalities (Voice or Picture Chat) and the number of enemy targets (4 or 6) on team performance and perceived team workload. Three subjective workload scales were evaluated in their ability to characterize task difficulty, communication demands, and demands of the different team roles. The results are discussed with respects to the descriptive and …
Airline Command And Control: An Ethnographic Study, Karen Feigh, Amy Pritchett
Airline Command And Control: An Ethnographic Study, Karen Feigh, Amy Pritchett
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The role of airline operations control centers in the national air transportation system is increasing. Yet, the role of airline operations personnel has not been well studied. This paper presents the findings of a series of ethnographic studies examining the work of airline Operational Managers (OMs) across several major and regional airlines. The role of airline OMs, and the information and tools they use to solve problems and maintain the airline’s published schedule are discussed. Additionally, several work models developed as a result of the ethnography are presented and discussed. The work models include an information flow model, cultural model, …
Simulating Uas: How Much Fidelity And Why?, Gerald P. Chubb
Simulating Uas: How Much Fidelity And Why?, Gerald P. Chubb
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The physical, functional, and operational fidelity of a simulation can impact design assessments, training device effectiveness, and the validity of research results done with desk-top simulators (or synthetic tasks). While difficult to quantify, fidelity issues need to be considered in each of these contexts as attempts are made to improve human system integration. This paper reviews some of the implications of fidelity, discusses current efforts to model the impacts training can have on performance, and outlines the kinds of empirical testing that could be done to compare Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) model predictions of training impacts to actual …
A Comparison Of Technological Systems To Enhance Night Flight Landings, Shawn M. Doherty
A Comparison Of Technological Systems To Enhance Night Flight Landings, Shawn M. Doherty
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A common issue for aviation involves night flights into airports with no light or low light conditions. This study investigated the effectiveness of runway visual capture by pilots using an enhanced visual system that provided an integrated display of infra-red light and light intensification to the pilot or a low-cost lighting system on the ground during landings to an airport in Palatka, Florida. Six pilots each flew a series of five approaches into the airport in conditions utilizing these technologies as well as instances of full runway lighting or no runway lighting. Results indicated that both systems produced visual capture …
Advancing Safety Performance: Using Change Management Principles To Implement Safety Management Systems In Air Carrier Operations, Triant Flouris
Advancing Safety Performance: Using Change Management Principles To Implement Safety Management Systems In Air Carrier Operations, Triant Flouris
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This paper focuses on providing a theoretical answer to the question, how can an air carrier effectively implement a Safety Management System (SMS) in its operations? The core assumption of this study is that the value of a wellstructured SMS in enhancing air carrier operational safety is axiomatic. We argue that air carriers, through the use of change management can successfully transform existing systems into SMS compliant systems.
Pert Networks As A Method For Analyzing The Visual Scanning Strategies Of Aircraft Pilots, Francesco Di Nocera, Robert S. Bolia
Pert Networks As A Method For Analyzing The Visual Scanning Strategies Of Aircraft Pilots, Francesco Di Nocera, Robert S. Bolia
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In a Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) network, no process can begin executing until all processes that immediately precede it have completed their activity. PERT networks have been used in psychology to investigate the structure of cognitive processes, and may be applied also to the analysis of eye-movements in order to gather detailed information on the processes underlying the ocular activity. This may be particularly useful to understand phenomena for which specific hypothesis have been made. The primary aim of this paper is to show the potential of this approach as a visualization technique, and to devise a research …
Assessing Large-Scale Training Events: Developing Common Tools And Protocols, Sara Elizabeth Gehr, Margaret Schurig, Leah J. Rowe, Ebb Smith, Winston Bennett Jr.
Assessing Large-Scale Training Events: Developing Common Tools And Protocols, Sara Elizabeth Gehr, Margaret Schurig, Leah J. Rowe, Ebb Smith, Winston Bennett Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Numerous previous studies have shown the positive effects that simulators provide in training aircrew for both basic maneuvering and more advanced team combat skills. As technology evolves, we have the ability to connect simulators separated by great geographic distance and often in different countries, thus allowing an even greater number of aircrew to train together as a team. In addition, live-fly training events provide an excellent opportunity to train aircrew. However, these large-scale distributed and live-fly training events must be examined for effectiveness. To accomplish this, training assessors must use a common set of data collection instruments, and follow a …
Measurement Of Social Competence In Pilot Selection, Hans-Juergen Hoermann Phd, Beate Radke, Stefan Hoeft Phd
Measurement Of Social Competence In Pilot Selection, Hans-Juergen Hoermann Phd, Beate Radke, Stefan Hoeft Phd
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
To ensure that pilots possess the necessary level of competence for effective teamwork during line operation, some airlines have introduced special test methods into their selection procedures that allow measuring different subcomponents of Social Competence before a pilot applicant is being employed. Costs and benefits of these measures vary to some degree. For a German airline, we have conducted a validation study (N=292 ab-initio pilots) with several of these measures, including the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg & Reis, 1988), the Social Skills Inventory (Riggio, 1989), the Temperament Structure Scales (Maschke, 1987), and Assessment Center methods (Hoeft & Pecena, …
Prediction Differs From Description: General Versus Specific Intelligence Testing For The Selection Of Ab Initio Air Traffic Controllers, Stefan Hoeft, Marc Damitz, André Beauducel
Prediction Differs From Description: General Versus Specific Intelligence Testing For The Selection Of Ab Initio Air Traffic Controllers, Stefan Hoeft, Marc Damitz, André Beauducel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Meta-analyses and recent large-scale primary studies concerning the importance of intelligence indicate that for almost all jobs general mental ability (g) alone predicts performance well. However, there is a controversy concerning the question whether specific abilities (s) are needed to predict job or training performance. In the present study performance test data of 5223 applicants from the DLR program for selection of ab initio air traffic controllers at DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH were analyzed. Results of different approaches based on exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to estimate g- and s-intelligence components were compared. In addition to this, the …
Proactive Safety Requires Proactive Measurement, Alyssa Mitchell Gibbons, Terry L. Von Thaden
Proactive Safety Requires Proactive Measurement, Alyssa Mitchell Gibbons, Terry L. Von Thaden
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A major challenge for organizations and safety researchers alike is that commonly used measures of safety (e.g., accident/incident rates, safety behavior) support a reactive rather than a proactive approach to safety. We argue that Reason’s (1990) widely-accepted model of the causes of error suggests a more useful place to focus measurement attempts: preconditions for unsafe acts. Measuring and investigating preconditions rather than errors or outcomes facilitates a proactive, preventive focus; furthers theory development regarding the role of organizational factors in safety; and offers potential remedies to measurement challenges in safety research.
Measuring Change In Pilots’ Conceptual Understandings Of Autoflight, Edwin Hutchins
Measuring Change In Pilots’ Conceptual Understandings Of Autoflight, Edwin Hutchins
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Pilots transitioning to the Airbus A320 were observed in flight and interviewed at four sample points during their first 18 months on the airplane. The interview data were analyzed by examining changes in both the relative frequencies of automation terms and the similarity of pairs of terms over time. The results show that pilots master selected modes before managed modes, and that even after 18 months of experience, their models of complex managed modes are still changing.
Trade-Offs Between Safety-Buffers, Efficiency, And Task-Load, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Peter Hoffmann, Hilde Winkler, Alexandra Kohlberger, Carmen Prenn
Trade-Offs Between Safety-Buffers, Efficiency, And Task-Load, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Peter Hoffmann, Hilde Winkler, Alexandra Kohlberger, Carmen Prenn
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
A new scaling approach for traffic situations in ATM assess the changes in and trade-offs between safety-buffers, efficiency and task-load in the work of air-traffic controllers. A computerised scaling tool was developed, which showed sufficient validity for simulated traffic situations (Vormayr, 2005). Results from a study of 23 Austrian air traffic controllers were presented, which could be grouped into controllers with a individual critical situation (ICS) (n=10) and (n=13) without an individual critical situation during a full shift are reported. Controllers were asked to rate the traffic situations after the shift during a reconstruction interview, based on these ratings individual …
The Effects Of International Flight Schedules On Pilot Fatigue, Carol M. Hannah
The Effects Of International Flight Schedules On Pilot Fatigue, Carol M. Hannah
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Pilot fatigue is a critical safety issue for the aviation industry. Fatigue reduces human performance capability and can result in catastrophic error. International airline pilots are particularly susceptible to fatigue’s effects due to sleep loss, long duty days, and jet lag. When fatigued, pilots make errors, which can lead to incidents and accidents. Flight schedules may add to pilot fatigue since they can involve long duty days, short rest periods and may not take into consideration past research on fatigue. Consequently, pilots may not get enough rest to prevent job fatigue. To better understand how pilot flight schedules affect fatigue, …