Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Developing A High-Fidelity Simulation Lab: Challenges And Lessons Learned, Andrea M. Georgiou, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Christopher R. Bearden

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

With a decade of experience, the Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) NASA FOCUS (Flight Operations Center- Unified Simulation) lab is a vital part of the educational experience for senior aerospace students. The NASA FOCUS Lab is a high fidelity simulation of a flight dispatch center in a collegiate setting. Students are trained in specific positions in the lab and must operate within a complex team environment to run the virtual airline within their shift. The purpose of the lab is to provide a learning platform for students to practice the requisite teamwork skills necessary to effectively work in airline operations. …

Development And Use Of Performance Composite Scores In Dispatch Teams, Christopher R. Bearden, Michael B. Hein, Glenn E. Littlepage

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Teams perform a variety of functions within organizations and should therefore be evaluated on multiple criteria. This paper argues for the use of a single value. We review the literature on team performance composites and briefly describe two approaches to developing evaluative performance composites in an academic setting by combining performance indicator data: A qualitative approach for performance feedback as well as an empirical approach for research purposes.

A Continuation Of Research: Student Decision Making Under Stress In A Flight Control Center Simulation, Jessi Pope, Michael Hein, Meredith A. Russell, Chelsea Burkholder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Students enrolled in a capstone aerospace class participated in this study. The class involves the completion of simulations in a high-fidelity replication of an airline flight operations center called the FOCUS ((Flight Operations Center- Unified Simulation) lab. This lab also functions as a research center exploring individual and team-related attitudes, activities, and experiences. The current study builds upon previous research that suggested participation in the simulation lab resulted in improved self-efficacy towards making decisions under stress (DMUS). Additionally, data suggests that before the simulations, students’ perceived fear of making the wrong decision (PFI) correlated with their perceived ability to make …

Simulating Human-Robot Teamwork Dynamics For Evaluation Of Work Strategies In Human-Robot Teams, Martijin Ijtsma, Sean Ye, Karen M. Feigh, Amy Pritchett

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

To foster resilience in teams operating in complex work domains, design should allow for a range of work strategies as appropriate to context. This paper describes how computational simulation and network visualization of a team’s work can identify feasible work strategies and assess their appropriateness for different contexts. Network visualizations can identify constraints and dependencies that drive the feasible set of work strategies. After preliminary network analysis, these dependencies and inter-dependencies can be simulated in detail to better understand their impact. To illustrate, we describe a case study that explores two different work strategies that can each address the dependencies …

Resilience And Safety For In-Time Monitoring, Prediction, And Mitigation Of Emergent Risks In Commercial Aviation, Jon Holbrook, Lawrence J. Prinzell Iii, Michael J. Stewart, Brian E. Smith, Bryan L. Matthews

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Safety in aviation has been historically defined in terms of the occurrence of accidents or recognized risks; that is, safety is typically defined in terms of things that go wrong. An alternative and complementary approach is to focus on what goes right, and identify how to make that happen again. Focusing on the rare cases of failures attributed to “human error” provides little information about why human performance almost always goes right. Similarly, focusing on the lack of safety provides limited information about how to improve safety. This work builds upon a growing literature on resilience engineering and new approaches …

Safety Attitude And Risk Perception Among Air Passengers: A Cross-Regional Study, Abaid Ur Rehman, You Xuqun

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

The present study examined the safety attitude and risk perception among Air passengers at cross-regional levels. Moreover, the study also examined the differences in terms of safety briefing in the cabin. Although the Federal Aviation Administration and The international Air transport association has done much work on safety in cabin regarding air passengers, there is still the challenge to know to how to gain safety behavior of air passengers, particularly when they represent multicultural backgrounds. A sample of 700 air passengers with an average age of 26.5 was collected from three international airports in China. In this research, we used …

Designing Military Cockpits To Support A Broad Range Of Personnel Body Sizes, Summer Lindsey, H. C. Neil Ganey, Meredith Carroll

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) body size cases provide aircraft designers access to representative Airmen anthropometric dimensions based on a database of air force personnel. To ensure new aircraft can support a broad range of pilot body sizes, designers can reference JPATS case numbers to assure adequate access to specific controls and clearances for ejection. JPATS cases 1 and 7 were added in response to the Air Force’s goal to accommodate 95% of males and females. However, given that someone at the 90th percentile height may not have 90th percentile arm length, a far smaller percentage of accommodation …

Drone Acceptance And Noise Concerns - Some Findings, Hinnerk Eißfeldt, Verena Vogelpohl

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Drones are becoming ever more present in public perception. Ranging from parcel delivery to wildlife protection, from precision farming to law enforcement, and from industrial inspection to digital fireworks, many applications are said to have market changing potential. Against this background, nations and institutions around the world are trying to keep up with the dynamic development concerning rules and regulations. Since all of the parties involved anticipate a strong increase in both the number of drones and their range of uses, there is a rising interest in the acceptance of civil drones in the public. Widespread public acceptance can promote …

Evaluation Of Uas Operator Training During Search And Surveillance Tasks, Pratusha Reddy, Dale Richards, Hurtulus Izzetoglu

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Unmanned aircraft system (UAS) sensor operators are typically required to execute search and surveillance tasks. Brain-in-the-loop measures during such tasks can help evaluate expertise development and cognitive capacities of the operator, which can be an important asset in designing adaptive and personalized training systems. Emergence of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has enabled monitoring of operators’ prefrontal cortex (PFC) area, which is associated with higher level cognitive functioning such as decisionmaking, problem-solving, working memory and attention in everyday working environments. In a previous sensor operator training study, we investigated and reported preliminary evidence suggesting that fNIRS measures acquired from the …

Aviation English Listening And Repeating Task For Native English Speaker And Non-Native English Speaker Pilots, Julia Trippe

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Aviation English, based on a coded jargon from World War II, is a mandatory form of communication for pilots and controllers in international airspace. The International Civil Aviation Organization also requires proficiency in Conversational English, for use in non-standard communication. However, our past research indicates that Aviation English and Conversational English are distinct varieties of English, suggesting that assumptions about native English speaker proficiency and additive learning for non-native English speakers may be false. To establish how different these language varieties are, we present a study of Aviation English intelligibility for non-native and native English speaking pilots. Results suggest that …

Effects Of Visual Perceptual Asymmetries On Performance While Using An Aircraft Attitude Symbology, George A. Reis, Eric E. Geiselman, Michael E. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

In applying the Arc-Segmented Attitude Reference (ASAR) symbology in headmounted displays (HMDs), it is uncertain if there is an optimal position for the symbology within the display. Vision science literature regarding visual asymmetries suggests that performance may differ depending upon the combination of the location of this symbology within the visual field and whether the user is interpreting the symbology to make categorical judgments (e.g., is the aircraft rolling left or right?) or coordinate judgments (e.g., what is the aircraft’s roll angle). Participants were asked to report aircraft roll and climb/dive angles of briefly presented ASAR symbology within the peripheral …

Disorientation Research Device Testing Of Synthetic Vision Display Technologies, Lawrence Prinzel, Kyle Ellis, Kathryn Ballard, Renee Lake, Stephanie Nicholas, Trey Arthur, Daniel Kiggins

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

A Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) study of 18 worldwide loss-of control accidents and incidents determined that the lack of external visual references was associated with a flight crew’s loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness in 17 of these events. CAST recommended development and implementation of virtual day-Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC) display systems, such as synthetic vision systems, to promote flight crew attitude awareness similar to a day-VMC environment. This paper describes the results of a joint NASA/NAMRU-D study that evaluated virtual day-VMC displays and a “background attitude indicator” concept as an aid to pilots in recovery from …

Erickson’S Practice For Crews: What About Coping To The Situation With Zen?, Marielle Plat-Robain

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Hypnosis has already been used in very long flights by Bertrand Piccard, one of the two Solar Impulse pilots, to manage fatigue and rest periods. It is also used by navigators like Armel Le Cléac’h during solo races. For this reason we consider it is worth to look at such technics to cope with the constraints of long flights. A study was done in order to explore what kind of benefits hypnosis could bring to cope better with multitask activities constraints like time pressure, good performance demands... We used Multi- Attribute Task Battery II (MATB-II) software to induce different workloads, …

The Training Of Operators In Single Pilot Operations: An Initial System Theoretic Consideration, Daniela Schmid, Neville A. Stanton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Single Pilot Operations (SPO) represent a viable concept for commercial aviation in near future. It will require different training regimes to contemporary airliners’ pilots because the single-pilot’s and remote operator’s (including the dispatcher’s) responsibilities and accompanying procedures will change, both in air and on ground. This initial system-theoretic analysis of suggestions for training of single pilot and remote-copilot identified the agreement of job rotation of both. Hence, pilots can still be trained in new single-pilot specific procedures in a special training fleet to includes the apprenticeship-style training in SPO. Advanced new automation tools will be challenging to be included into …

Operational Alerting Concept For Commercial Single Pilot Operations Systems, J P. Reitsma, M M. Van Paassen, M Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Reducing high workload levels are a major challenge to enable single pilot operations. Where the pilot is currently supported with many automated systems, the role of mission planner is relatively unsupported, i.e., the flight crew is required to integrate and combine information from various sources to extract the implications on the missions’ high-level goals to determine if the mission can still be completed safely and successfully. An operational alerting display is developed to provide the pilot with a clear overview of the current and future operational flight constraints. This enables the pilot to determine if the initial plan is valid …

Pilot Evaluations Of A Non-Verbal Startle And Surprise Management Method, Tested During Airline Recurrent Simulator Training, Annemarie Landman, Eric L. Groen, Marc Frank, Gunnar Steinhardt, M M. Van Paassen, Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Aviation safety organizations have recommended that airline pilots are trained for startle and surprise. However, little information is available on useful training interventions. Therefore, a training intervention trial was executed during airline recurrent simulator training. The method consisted of a slow visual scan from the side-window, over the instruments, ending with facing the other pilot. Following a recorded video instruction, 38 airline pilots in two-pilot crews performed a training scenario in which they could apply the method. Data on application and evaluation of the method were obtained from each pilot. Few pilots actually applied the method (18.4%), and many gave …

Effects Of Verbal Vs Graphical Weather Information On A Pilot’S Decision Making During Preflight, Warren Pittorie, Meredith Carroll, Deborah Carstens

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Advancements in technology has made obtaining a graphical/textual preflight weather briefing easier than a traditional verbal briefing. This study compared weather briefings delivered in a verbal format (i.e., written narrative) to those delivered in a graphical format (i,e., radar map plus textual data) in a within-subjects study that altered the order in which participants received each format. Thirty-six pilot participants read and responded to weather briefings for two flight scenarios that when put together, created a simulated multi-leg flight. Each pilot’s decision making and confidence in their decision was captured via Likert-scale and open-ended questions following each scenario. Decision making …

Impact Of Atco Training And Expertise On Dynamic Spatial Abilities, Nadine Matton, Jean-Baptiste Gotteland, Géraud Granger, Nicolas Durand

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Dynamic spatial ability is supposed to be involved in a critical process of air traffic controllers, namely conflict detection. The present paper aims at testing whether dynamic spatial ability improves with air traffic control training and/or experience. We designed a laboratory task to assess the performance in predicting if two moving disks would collide or not. We conducted a crosssectional study with four groups of participants : ATCO trainees at the beginning (N=129), middle (N=80) or end of training (N=66) and experienced ATCOs (N=14). Results suggested on one hand that air traffic control training leads to a decrease in the …

The Use Of A Perceptual Speed Test In Civilian Pilot Selection, Hans-Juergen Hoermann, Diane L. Damos

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Perceptual speed is an important attribute for success as a pilot and has been assessed in many pilot selection batteries. The Tabular Speed Test (TST), a paper-and-pencil test of perceptual speed, was administered to 227 ab initio pilots and 152 licensed pilots who applied for employment at a large European airline. The airline had a multi-stage selection process including a computerized battery assessing quantitative and spatial abilities, short-term memory, psychomotor performance, multi-tasking, and personality. The number of correct responses (NC) had significant positive correlations for both ab initio and licensed pilots with measures of quantitative and spatial abilities, visual memory, …

How Personality, Intelligence, And Working Memory Predict Situation Awareness And Flight Performance, Andrew R. Dattel, Andrey K. Babin, Simona Teodorovic, John Brooks, Saralee Pruksaritanon, Priyanka Shetty

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Situation awareness (SA) and flight performance may be intrinsically connected. Good SA can lead to good aeronautical decision making, and consequently better flight performance. Forty-three pilots participated in the study. Participants completed personality tests, a test of fluid intelligence, and a test for working memory. Participants flew a 15-minute flight scenario in an Elite PI-135 BATD, where participants received six SA questions. Airspeed, altitude, and heading were the flight performance variables. Participants also completed a version of Letter Factory (LF), a generic test used as part of the air traffic controller selection test. Good SA for LF, openness, agreeableness, and …

Human-Agent Teaming - An Evolving Interaction Paradigm: An Innovative Measure Of Trust, Samson Palmer, Dale Richards, Graham Shelton-Rayner, David Inch, Kurtulus Izzetoglu

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

The promise of intelligent decision support systems is presented as a harbinger for humankind. With the potential partnership between the human and autonomous system we could see a significant increase in effectiveness and safety. However, as we see both human and agent team members being integrated we must investigate ways in which we can assess not only the interaction between the two actors, but also the very nature of trust perceived by the human. In this paper we present early findings of an experiment that examines the human-autonomy interaction across different frameworks of authority; from manual to fully autonomous. Participants …

Machine Awareness, Steven D. Harbour, Jeffery D. Clark, William D. Mitchell, Krishnamurthy V. Vemuru

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Current and future research that embodies a pathway to achieving machine common sense (MCS), including Capsule Neural Networks, Hebbian Plasticity Theory, Dual Process Theory, and machine awareness (MA). The final frontier may well involve a framework that is capable of machine curiosity, exploration, automatic selfdirection and adaptation. The artificial intelligence (AI) system of the future will possess an innate curiosity and explore its own environment to gain knowledge, exhibiting a basic element of human cognition and awareness. The resulting MA system will possess inherent self-driven curiosity and related entropy in the decision space as it explores the environment in much …

Temporary Memory Neuron For The Leaky Integrate And Fire Neuron Model, Jeffery D. Clark, William D. Mitchell, Krishnamurthy V. Vemuru, Steven D. Harbour

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019

Low-level terrain-following systems require the ability to rapidly and accurately respond to the environment to prevent inadvertent actions. Catastrophic and fatal results could occur if missed cues or latency issues in data processing are encountered. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have the computational ability to continuously process spike trains from rapid sensory input. However, most models of SNNs do not retain information from the spike train of a previous time step because the membrane potential is rapidly reset to a resting potential after activation. A novel approach is presented, allowing the spike train of a previous time step to be 'remembered.' …

An Introduction To Transformative Inquiry: Understanding Compelling And Significant Relationships For Personal And Societal Transformation, Mark L. Mccaslin, Kelly A. Kilrea

The Qualitative Report

Transformative inquiry is a theoretical model designed to facilitate the inquiry of important and meaningful relationships that transform and potentiate us. Creswell (2007) described the essential elements of a research agenda: the axiological, ontological, epistemological, methodological, and rhetorical. Each carries with it assumptions that hold implications for practice and research. Transformative inquiry addresses all of these elements through considerations given to deep ecology, transdisciplinarity, integral meta-theory, heuristic research, and eudaimonistic philosophy, respectively. Transformative inquiry is an approach to understanding and fostering the full range of deep and meaningful relationships from the personal to the political, and beyond. It is a …

Doing From Being: Creating Organizational Integrity Through Mindful Self-Leadership, Adam Stonebraker

Mindfulness Studies Theses

Mindfulness in the workplace is a subject that has seen significant growth in recent years. Mindfulness, which is rooted in ancient contemplative practice, has gained much traction among Western audiences over the last few decades. The application of Mindfulness practices is prevalent now in workplaces, where its efficacy has been well-documented, and impact has included the reduction of employee stress, increased productivity, and enhancement of one’s well-being.

The principles of mindfulness can be applied across disparate workplace settings and in nearly any situation to help bolster employees’ presence and focus in the day-to-day and retain them in the place of …

Rationale, Design, And Baseline Characteristics Of Walkit Arizona: A Factorial Randomized Trial Testing Adaptive Goals And Financial Reinforcement To Increase Walking Across Higher And Lower Walkable Neighborhoods, Marc A. Adams, Jane Hurley, Christine Phillips, Michael Todd, Siddhartha Angadi, Vincent Berardi, Melbourne F. Hovell, Steven Hooker

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Little change over the decades has been seen in adults meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. Numerous individual-level interventions to increase MVPA have been designed, mostly static interventions without consideration for neighborhood context. Recent technologies make adaptive interventions for MVPA feasible. Unlike static interventions, adaptive intervention components (e.g., goal setting) adjust frequently to an individual's performance. Such technologies also allow for more precise delivery of “smaller, sooner incentives” that may result in greater MVPA than “larger, later incentives”. Combined, these factors could enhance MVPA adoption. Additionally, a central tenet of ecological models is that MVPA is sensitive to neighborhood environment …

Affective Disturbance In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Jason Greenhagen, Emily Matusz, Sheina Emrani, David Libon, Sherry Pomerantz

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an identifiable, prodromal stage of cognitive impairment and has been further defined into subtypes: amnestic, language, executive functioning, and multi domain/mixed MCI (Jak et al. 2009 ). The purpose of this study is to (1) examine the differences in depression, anxiety, and apathy between MCI subtypes; and (2) assess the relationship between the neurocognitive domains (executive functioning, language, and memory and affective symptoms. We hypothesize that apathy will be greater in dysexecutive/mixed MCI (dys/mixed MCI) and be more highly correlated to neurocognitive deficits compared to depression or anxiety. This is a retrospective study of 113 …

Using The Implicit Association Test To Investigate The Strength Of Synesthetic Associations, Margaret Martinez, Nicole Steiner, Simon Lacey, Lynne C. Nygaard, K. Sathian

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which experiences in one sensory or cognitive domain are associated with automatic, involuntary experiences in a second domain. The present study investigated the relationship between the consistency and strength of these associations in grapheme-color synesthesia, in which a specific color is experienced when seeing a particular letter or number. Firstly, synesthetic participants completed the online Synesthesia Battery (SB) which measures the consistency with which individuals choose the same color for the same grapheme and returns a standardized score which distinguishes genuine synesthetes from non-synesthetes. Secondly, synesthetes and age/gender-matched non-synesthetic control participants completed an Implicit Association …

Survey Of Primary Care Physicians’ And Pediatricians’ Competency In Identifying Prodromal Symptoms In Schizophrenia And Psychotic Disorders, Mark Shephard, Joanna Petrides

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

• To address whether primary care physicians and pediatricians are equipped to recognize the prodromal symptoms of psychotic disorders

• Patients of primary care physicians exhibited increased help seeking behaviors prior to schizophrenia diagnosis [1]

• Primary care physicians in numerous countries have shown a lack of sufficient knowledge related to diagnosing and treating schizophrenia [2,3,4,5,6]

• Unclear if primary care physicians in the United States are adequately trained and prepared to recognize prodromal signs of schizophrenia, and diagnose and treat a variety of psychotic disorders

The Correlation Between Obesity, Food Addiction, Anxiety & Depression, Ayham Khrais, Adarsh K. Gupta

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Obesity is a multifaceted disease with physiological, psychological and social influences. While physiological factors, such as basal metabolic rate, can influence an individual’s BMI (Body Mass Index), obesity is primarily determined by behavior: excess food intake and a sedentary lifestyle greatly contribute to weight gain. An individual’s behavior is influenced by many factors, including their desires, perceptions, and social pressures. Therefore, psychological conditions can greatly impact an individual’s eating habits, thereby affecting that person’s BMI. This endeavor involved exploration of the potential effects of food addiction, anxiety, and depression on obesity. A survey consisting of an amalgamation of the Yale …