Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Stereotype Boost And Stereotype Threat Effects: The Moderating Role Of Ethnic Identification, Brian E. Armenta

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Belonging to a stereotyped social group can affect performance in stereotype-relevant situations, often shifting performance in the direction of the stereotype. This effect occurs similarly for members of positively and negatively stereotyped groups (i.e., stereotype boost and stereotype threat, respectively). This study examined ethnic group identification as a moderator of these effects in the math performance of Asian Americans and Latinos, who are positively and negatively stereotyped in this domain, respectively. Results showed that high ethnically identified Asian Americans performed better and high ethnically identified Latinos performed worse when an ethnicity– ethnic stereotype cue was present. The performance of low …

The Whitings’ Concepts Of Culture And How They Have Fared In Contemporary Psychology And Anthropology, Carolyn P. Edwards, Marianne Bloch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article presents a brief intellectual biography of John and Beatrice Whiting, followed by an examination of five key ideas that they put forward to the fields of psychology and anthropology through their theoretical and empirical writings. These key ideas are (a) the assumption of the psychic unity of humankind, (b) the cultural learning environment, (c) the psychocultural model, (d) the synergistic relationship of the disciplines of psychology and anthropology, and (e) the role of mothers as agents of social change through child-rearing roles as well as through various other ways they guide change in the communities and learning environments …

Borderline Personality Disorder And Suicidal Attempts: How To Calm An Uprising Dilemma, Ashley Anne Welter

Graduate Research Papers

Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are more likely than patients with any other personality disorder to commit suicide. Many programs have been found successful in helping these patients control their thoughts. Using the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) with a cathartic journal process in addition to the treatment, instead of hospitalization, it is hypothesized that BPD patients will reduce thoughts and attempts of suicide. This is a five year program that will be implemented to see how patients progress through the treatment. There will be a pretest-posttest control group design used in this research. With adding a journaling …

Weight Gain And Psychotropic's, Amresh Srivastava, Megan Johnston

Data and Test Instruments

Weight gain in psychiatric populations is a common clinical challenge. Many patients suffering from mental disorders, when exposed to psychotropic medications, gain significant weight with or without other side effects. In addition to reducing the patients’ willingness to comply with treatment, this weight gain may create added psychological or physiological problems that need to be addressed. Thus, it is critical that clinicians take precautions to monitor and control weight gain and to take into account and treat all problems facing an individual. In this review, we examine some of the key issues surrounding weight gain in individuals suffering from mental …

Current Understanding And Pharmacological Management Of Suicide Behavior In Clinical Setting, Amresh Shrivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

This presentation addresses these issues:
• Nature of problem in clinical settings
• Current understanding about suicide behavior (neurobiology)
• What can be done to deal with suicide in clinical settings
• Pharmacological management

Do Atypical Antipsychotics Differ In Determining Long-Term Outcome Of First Episode Schizophrenia? A Naturalistic Outcome Study In India, Amresh Srivastava, Nilesh Shah, Megan Johnston, Larry Stitt, Meghana Thakar, Gurusamy Chinnasamy, Anukant Mital

Psychiatry Presentations

Antipsychotic medications form the mainstream of treatment in schizophrenia. These drugs have several short term as well long term advantage. It is not known if atypical antipsychotics have the long-term effect in improving outcome and meeting expectations (1,2,3). The present study examined usage and association of antipsychotics drugs with clinical outcome a long-term naturalistic study.

The Use Of Paraphrasing In Investigative Interviews, Angela Evans, Kim P. Roberts, Heather L. Price, Candyce P. Stefek

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective

Young children’s descriptions of maltreatment are often sparse thus creating the need for techniques that elicit lengthier accounts. One technique that can be used by interviewers in an attempt to increase children’s reports is ‘paraphrasing’, or repeating information children have disclosed. Although we currently have a general understanding of how paraphrasing may influence children’s reports, we do not have a clear description of how paraphrasing is actually used in the field.

Method

The present study assessed the use of paraphrasing in 125 interviews of children aged 4 to 16 years conducted by police officers and social workers. All interviewer …

Mental Context Reinstatement Reduces Resistance To False Suggestions After Children Have Experienced A Repeated Event, Donna M. Jennings, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

When children allege repeated abuse, they are required to provide details about specific instances. This often results in children confusing details from different instances and so we examined whether ‘mental context reinstatement’ (MCR) could be used to improve children’s accuracy. Children (N = 120, 6-7-year olds) participated in 4 activities over a 2-week period and were interviewed about the last (4^th) time with a standard recall or mental context reinstatement interview. They were then asked questions about specific details, and some questions contained false information. When interviewed again a day later, children in the MCR condition resisted …

Reality-Monitoring Characteristics In Confirmed And Doubtful Allegations Of Abuse, Kim P. Roberts, Michael E. Lamb

Psychology Faculty Publications

According to reality-monitoring theory, memories of experienced and imagined events are qualitatively different, and can be distinguished by children from the age of 3. Across three studies, a total of 119 allegations of sexual abuse by younger (aged 3-8) and older (aged 9-16) children were analyzed for developmental differences in the presence of reality-monitoring criteria, which should characterise descriptions of experienced events. Statements were deemed likely or unlikely to be descriptions of actual incidents using independent case information (e.g., medical evidence). Accounts by older children consistently contained more reality-monitoring criteria than those provided by younger children, and age differences were …

Multiple Instances Of Vocal Sensorimotor Adaptation To Frequency-Altered Feedback Within A Single Experimental Session, Colin S. Hawco, Jeffery A. Jones

Psychology Faculty Publications

Vocal sensory-motor adaptation is typically studied by introducing a prolonged change in auditory feedback. While it may be preferable to perform multiple blocks of adaptation within a single experiment, it is possible that a carry-over effect from previous blocks of adaptation may affect the results of subsequent blocks. Speakers were asked to vocalize an /a/ sound and match a target note during ten adaptation blocks. Each block represented a unique combination of target note and shift direction. The adaptation response was found to be similar for all blocks, indicating that there were no carry-over effects from previous blocks of adaptation.

Sex-Related Differences In Vocal Responses To Pitch Feedback Perturbations During Sustained Vocalization, Zhaocong Chen, Peng Liu, Jeffery A. Jones, Dongfeng Huang, Hanjun Liu

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study assessed the effect of sex on voice fundamental frequency (F₀) responses to pitch feedback perturbations during sustained vocalization. Sixty-four native-Mandarin speakers heard their voice pitch feedback shifted at ±50, ±100, or ±200 cents for 200 ms, five times during each vocalization. The results showed that, as compared to female speakers, male speakers produced significantly larger but slower vocal responses to the pitch-shifted stimuli. These findings reveal a modulation of vocal response as a function of sex, and suggest that there may be a differential processing of vocal pitch feedback perturbations between men and women

Spirituality And Spiritual Self-Care: Expanding Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, Mary Louise White

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to extend the theory of self-care deficit nursing by including specific constructs of religion, spirituality, and spiritual self-care practices within the structure suggested by Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory. Based on an extensive literature review, practice experience, and a discovery theory-building approach, a new mid-range theory called White's theory of spirituality and spiritual self-care (WTSSSC) was developed. To begin to test this mid-range theory, empirical indices of many of the main concepts were identified from prior studies and one new instrument (the Spiritual Self-Care Practice Scale) was developed. Hypothesized relationships among the main concepts …

Adolescents’ Occupational And Educational Aspirations And Expectations: Links To High School Activities And Adult Educational Attainment, Sarah J. Beal, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This longitudinal study explored adolescents’ future-oriented cognitions, current activities, and later educational attainment using data from 317 adolescents (55% female; mean age = 14.98 years, SD = 0.85) followed into early adulthood. Aspirations and expectations regarding work and education showed modest stability from year to year. Exploration of the reciprocal relations between these cognitions and adolescents’ activities supported both unidirectional and bidirectional effects, with different patterns emerging for aspirations and expectations. In multiple regression analyses, future-oriented cognitions predicted adult educational attainment; follow- up analyses indicated that the effect of adolescents’ expectations was partially mediated by participation in extracurricular activities. These …

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Angela Bigelow

Graduate Research Papers

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders have the potential to destroy people's lives. The negative consequences of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder can affect so many people-the people suffering from the disorder, the family of the sufferer, as well as the lack of insight of the disorder within the community. According to the Obsessive Compulsive Foundation (2010), the disorder affects between 2 to 3 million adults in the United States and around 500,000 children and teens have Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Due to the alarming statistics and the secret lives of incredible pain and humiliation OCD sufferers' experience, it is imperative that mental health counselors educate …

Predicting Adolescent Risk-Taking And Goal-Oriented Behaviors: An Ecological Perspective, Joshua Jon Tynan

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important aspect of human development is adolescence. It has been well documented that adolescence is a time during which individuals partake in the greatest amount of risk-taking behaviors. These behaviors often include having unsafe sex, drug and alcohol use, smoking and recklessness. On the other hand, goal oriented behaviors are also developing, although these have been less well studied. The current study explored several key contexts that adolescents are concurrently exposed to, including parenting behaviors, peer relationships, religion, and media. The outcomes of interest were risk-taking behaviors and goal-oriented behaviors. Ultimately the purpose of this study was to compile, …

Evaluation Of Concurrent Medications Pre- And Post Initiation Of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Therapy, Lindsay Pokallus Pharmd, Laurence Karper Md, Jessica Price Pharmd, Bcps

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Increasing Complexity: Resisting Simplification In Forensic Psychology, Diane R. Follingstad

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

The American Academy of Forensic Psychology annually presents a Distinguished Contribution in Forensic Psychology Award to an individual whose work has significantly moved the field forward. Dr. Follingstad received this award for decades of productive research, testimony, and public education regarding family, adolescent, and women's issues, all areas in which she has received numerous research grants over the years. Following is her acceptance speech, presented at the American Psychology-Law Association convention in Vancouver, B.C. in March 2010.

Does Self Esteem Moderate The Relation Between Gender And Weight Preoccupation In Undergraduates?, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research has established gender differences in self esteem as well as weight preoccupation. In addition self esteem is known to relate to weight preoccupation. However, no studies have examined whether self esteem moderates the relation between gender and weight preoccupation. Five hundred sixty seven undergraduates completed surveys assessing self esteem and weight preoccupation. Results showed significant gender differences in self esteem and weight preoccupation. In addition, the interaction between self esteem and gender had a small but significant effect on weight preoccupation. Counselors should be aware of this when designing programs to treat weight preoccupation in conjunction with low …

Validation Of The Internalized Sexual Prejudice Scale, Gary J. Burkholder, Rodney Lemery

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

A deconstruction of the existing concept of internalized homophobia demonstrated the need for a new understanding of this experience and a different means of operationalizing the construct in men who have sex with men. This study introduces a new unified theory of sexual prejudice and a valid and reliable new psychometric tool to assess the concept of internalized sexual prejudice (ISP). A sample of 125 men who visited websites popular among men who have sex with men (MSM) were recruited to complete a survey that assessed ISP. Instrument development procedures, including factor, reliability, and validity analyses were conducted to refine …

Description And Validation Of A Dynamical Systems Model Of Presynaptic Serotonin Function: Genetic Variation, Brain Activation And Impulsivity, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Parthasarathi Nag

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Despite more than a decade of empirical work on the role of genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin system on behavior, the details across levels of analysis are not well understood. We describe a mathematical model of the genetic control of presynaptic serotonergic function that is based on control theory, implemented using systems of differential equations, and focused on better characterizing pathways from genes to behavior. We present the results of model validation tests that include the comparison of simulation outcomes with empirical data on genetic effects on brain response to affective stimuli and on impulsivity. Patterns of simulated neural firing …

Anxiolytic-Like Property Of Risperidone And Olanzapine As Examined In Multiple Measures Of Fear In Rats, Tao Sun, Wei He, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Atypical antipsychotics are also used in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders. Clinical and preclinical evidence regarding their intrinsic anxiolytic efficacy has been mixed. In this study, we examined the potential anxiolytic-like effects of risperidone and olanzapine, and compared them with haloperidol, chlordiazepoxide (a prototype of sedative–anxiolytic drug) or citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). We used a composite of two-way avoidance conditioning and acoustic startle reflex model and examined the effects of drug treatments during the acquisition phase (Experiment 1) or extinction phase (Experiments 2 and 3) on multiple measures of conditioned and unconditioned fear/anxiety-like responses. In Experiment 4, we …

The Contribution Of Nmda Receptors Within The Central Nucleus Of The Amygdala To The Suppression Of Pain Affect, Catherine Ann Spuz

Wayne State University Dissertations

The amygdala processes stimuli that threaten an individual and organizes the execution of affective behaviors designed to cope with the threat. The prototypical threat to an individual is exposure to a noxious stimulus. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) receives nociceptive afferents and exhibits neuronal activation in response to noxious peripheral stimulation. NMDA receptors within CeA mediate this noxious-evoked neural excitation, and previous studies in the laboratory have shown that blockade of CeA NMDA receptors via the antagonist APV elevates the threshold for noxious tail-shock-induced vocalization afterdischarges (VADs), a validated measure of pain affect in the rat. The present …

Testosterone Fluctuations In Young Men: The Difference Between Interacting With Like And Not-Like Others, M. Catherine Desoto, Robert T. Hitlan, Rory-Sean S. Deol, Derrick Mcadams

Faculty Work

The current study investigated young men's testosterone level changes as a result of interacting with other men. Male participants (n = 84) were led to believe that a group they would be interacting with was either similar to them or not similar. The interaction was then one of two types: the other group members were inclusive, or the others excluded the participant during the group interaction. Participants provided saliva samples before and after the interaction. Results suggest that interacting with highly similar men increases circulating testosterone whereas interacting with highly dissimilar men actually lowers testosterone. The nature of the …

"Because I'M Neither Gringa Nor Latina, Because I Am Not Any One Thing": Children Of Colombian And Dominican Immigrants Negotiating Identities Within (Trans)National Social Fields, Debora Upegui-Hernandez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation explores how Colombian and Dominican children of immigrants living in New York City negotiate multiple identities, selves, cultures, and histories within transnational social fields. In other words, children of immigrants grow up in the midst of multiple cultures and juggle multiple sets of cultural norms, values, and expectations, their parents' and those of mainstream `American' culture, while they maintain transnational ties to the home country of their parents. This study contributes to the social psychological literature about Dominican and Colombian children of immigrants by introducing a transnational framework to understand their experiences growing up in-between cultures and borders. …

Evidence Based Practices For Sensory Stimulation Seeking Impulsive Diagnosis, Sheena Gasner

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this project is to identify evidence based practices that can be used in the treatment of Sensory Stimulation Seeking Impulsive Disorder (430.0). Identification of these practices will more effectively meet the therapeutic needs of the children diagnosed with this disorder.

Adult Coping With Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Theoretical And Empirical Review, Kate Walsh, Michelle A. Fortier, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Coping has been suggested as an important element in understanding the long-term functioning of individuals with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA). The present review synthesizes the literature on coping with CSA, first by examining theories of coping with trauma, and, second by examining how these theories have been applied to studies of coping in samples of CSA victims. Thirty-nine studies were reviewed, including eleven descriptive studies of the coping strategies employed by individuals with a history of CSA, eighteen correlational studies of the relationship between coping strategies and long-term functioning of CSA victims, and ten investigations in which …

C-Fos Identification Of Neuroanatomical Sites Associated With Haloperidol And Clozapine Disruption Of Maternal Behavior In The Rat, Changjiu Zhao, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rat maternal behavior is a complex social behavior. Most antipsychotic drugs disrupt active maternal responses (e.g., pup retrieval, pup licking and nest building). Our previous work shows that typical antipsychotic haloperidol disrupts maternal behavior by blocking dopamine D₂ receptors, whereas atypical clozapine works by blocking 5-HT_2A/2C receptors. The present study used c-Fos immunohistochemistry technique, together with pharmacological tools and behavioral observations, and delineated the neuroanatomical bases of the disruptive effects of haloperidol and clozapine. Postpartum female rats were treated with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg sc) or clozapine (10.0 mg/kg sc), with or without pretreatment of quinpirole (a selective dopamine …

The Relationship Between The Perception Of Axes Of Symmetry And Spatial Memory During Early Childhood, Margaret R. Ortmann, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Early in development, there is a transition in spatial working memory (SWM). When remembering a location in a homogeneous space (e.g., in a sandbox), young children are biased toward the midline symmetry axis of the space. Over development, a transition occurs that leads to older children being biased away from midline. The dynamic field theory (DFT) explains this transition in biases as being caused by a change in the precision of neural interaction in SWM and improvements in the perception of midline. According to the DFT, young children perceive midline, but there is a quantitative improvement in the perception of …

Prenatal Tobacco Exposure: Developmental Outcomes In The Neonatal Period, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Hua Fang, Craig Johnson, Christian Stopp, Sandra A. Wiebe, Jennifer Respass

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Smoking during pregnancy is a persistent public health problem that has been linked to later adverse outcomes. The neonatal period— the first month of life—carries substantial developmental change in regulatory skills and is the period when tobacco metabolites are cleared physiologically. Studies to date mostly have used cross-sectional designs that limit characterizing potential impacts of prenatal tobacco exposure on the development of key self-regulatory processes and cannot disentangle short-term withdrawal effects from residual exposure-related impacts. In this study, pregnant participants (N = 304) were recruited prospectively during pregnancy, and smoking was measured at multiple time points, with both self-report and …

Punished, Dead Or Alive: Empirical Perspectives On Awarding Punitive Damages Against Deceased Defendants, Timothy R. Robicheaux, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Punitive damages are a tool for punishing defendants who engage in reckless and wanton behaviors that cause injury to others. As with criminal punishment, goals of punitive damages include retribution, specific deterrence, and general deterrence. Unlike criminal punishment, however, some courts allow punitive damages to follow the death of defendants. To explore this issue, we first conducted a legal analysis of appellate court decisions concerning punitive damages against deceased defendants. While the majority of courts suggest that punitive damages against deceased individuals are not appropriate, some argue that favorable policy implications of allowing punitive damages to follow the defendant’s death …